February 11 » Henry VIII of England is recognized as supreme head of the Church of England.
April 20 » Jacques Cartier begins his first voyage to what is today the east coast of Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador.
July 4 » Christian III is elected King of Denmark and Norway in the town of Rye.
July 7 » Jacques Cartier makes his first contact with aboriginal peoples in what is now Canada.
July 24 » French explorer Jacques Cartier plants a cross on the Gaspé Peninsula and takes possession of the territory in the name of Francis I of France.
November 3 » English Parliament passes the first Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the Anglican Church, supplanting the pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
January 16 » Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England.
April 1 » In the Eighty Years' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Seventeen Provinces, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.
July 9 » Nineteen Catholics suffer martyrdom for their beliefs in the Dutch town of Gorkum.
August 23 » French Wars of Religion: Mob violence against thousands of Huguenots in Paris results in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.
October 20 » Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the relief of Goes.
December 23 » Theologian Johann Sylvan is executed in Heidelberg for his heretical Antitrinitarian beliefs.
May 28 » The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal, heading for the English Channel. (It will take until May 30 for all ships to leave port.)
July 19 » Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.
July 29 » Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: English naval forces under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake defeat the Spanish Armada off the coast of Gravelines, France.
July 31 » The Spanish Armada is spotted off the coast of England.
August 8 » Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: The naval engagement ends, ending the Spanish Armada's attempt to invade England.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Donald Simmons Jr., "Donald A.C. Simmons Jr. Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/donald-a-c-simmons-jr-family-tree/I132560775286.php : accessed May 12, 2025), "King Frederik II of Oldenburg (1534-1588)".
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