The temperature on December 3, 1831 was about 8.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-northwest. Weather type: omtrent betrokken regen. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
April 7 » Emperor Pedro I of Brazil resigns. He goes to his native Portugal to become King Pedro IV.
April 18 » The University of Alabama is founded in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
August 12 » French intervention forces William I of the Netherlands to abandon his attempt to suppress the Belgian Revolution.
August 21 » Nat Turner leads black slaves and free blacks in a rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, which will claim the lives of 55 to 65 whites and about twice that number of blacks.
September 1 » The high honor of Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic.
October 30 » Nat Turner is arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history.
Day of marriage May 6, 1863
The temperature on May 6, 1863 was about 11.7 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 56%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
May 2 » American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson is wounded by friendly fire while returning to camp after reconnoitering during the Battle of Chancellorsville. He succumbs to pneumonia eight days later.
May 6 » American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville ends with the defeat of the Army of the Potomac by the Army of Northern Virginia.
May 18 » American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg begins.
July 26 » American Civil War: Morgan's Raid ends; At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
September 16 » Robert College, in Istanbul, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.
October 30 » Danish Prince Vilhelm arrives in Athens to assume his throne as George I, King of the Hellenes.
Day of death September 4, 1903
The temperature on September 4, 1903 was between 8.4 °C and 21.8 °C and averaged 16.2 °C. There was 5.7 hours of sunshine (42%). Source: KNMI
April 19 » The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev (Bessarabia) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western world.
April 26 » Atlético Madrid Association football club is founded
May 29 » In the May Coup, Alexander I, King of Serbia, and Queen Draga, are assassinated in Belgrade by the Black Hand (Crna Ruka) organization.
July 19 » Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.
July 20 » The Ford Motor Company ships its first automobile.
August 2 » The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising against the Ottoman Empire begins.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: J. van Broekhoven, "Database Van Broekhoven", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/database-van-broekhoven/I87801.php : accessed February 22, 2026), "Johanna Martens (1831-1903)".
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