The temperature on February 13, 1878 was about -1.4 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 90%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 4 » Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Sofia is liberated from Ottoman rule and designated the capital of Liberated Bulgaria.
January 9 » Umberto I becomes King of Italy.
February 22 » In Utica, New York, Frank Woolworth opens the first of many of five-and-dime Woolworth stores.
June 15 » Eadweard Muybridge takes a series of photographs to prove that all four feet of a horse leave the ground when it runs; the study becomes the basis of motion pictures.
October 15 » The Edison Electric Light Company begins operation.
November 17 » First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg.
Day of marriage November 18, 1903
The temperature on November 18, 1903 was between -2.9 °C and 6.8 °C and averaged 1.7 °C. There was 4.3 hours of sunshine (49%). Source: KNMI
January 9 » Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the poet Alfred Tennyson, becomes the second Governor-General of Australia.
February 23 » Cuba leases Guantánamo Bay to the United States "in perpetuity".
June 19 » Benito Mussolini, at the time a radical Socialist, is arrested by Bern police for advocating a violent general strike.
July 1 » Start of first Tour de France bicycle race.
October 6 » The High Court of Australia sits for the first time.
November 3 » With the encouragement of the United States, Panama separates from Colombia.
Day of death November 7, 1968
The temperature on November 7, 1968 was between 1.4 °C and 2.7 °C and averaged 2.2 °C. There was 0.4 mm of rain during 1.3 hours. The almost completely overcast was. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east. Source: KNMI
January 31 » Nauru gains independence from Australia.
June 30 » Pope Paul VI issues the Credo of the People of God.
July 20 » The first International Special Olympics Summer Games are held at Soldier Field in Chicago, with about 1,000 athletes with intellectual disabilities.
October 11 » NASA launches Apollo 7, the first successful manned Apollo mission.
October 16 » Tommie Smith and John Carlos are ejected from the US Olympic team for participating in the Olympics Black Power salute.
November 1 » The Motion Picture Association of America's film rating system is officially introduced, originating with the ratings G, M, R, and X.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Wicher Dam, "Dambomen, negen verschillende stambomen DAM", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/dambomen/I14142.php : accessed February 6, 2026), "Pieter Groendijk (1878-1968)".
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