The temperature on December 20, 1831 was about 5.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south-southwest. Weather type: betrokken mist. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
April 12 » Soldiers marching on the Broughton Suspension Bridge in Manchester, England, cause it to collapse.
August 12 » French intervention forces William I of the Netherlands to abandon his attempt to suppress the Belgian Revolution.
August 23 » Nat Turner's slave rebellion is suppressed.
August 29 » Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction.
September 8 » November uprising: The Battle of Warsaw effectively ends the Polish insurrection.
December 25 » The Great Jamaican Slave Revolt begins; up to 20% of Jamaica's slaves mobilize in an ultimately unsuccessful fight for freedom.
Day of death January 4, 1905
The temperature on January 4, 1905 was between 0.6 °C and 6.3 °C and averaged 4.7 °C. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 1, 1901 to August 16, 1905 the cabinet Kuijper, with Dr. A. Kuijper (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
January 22 » Bloody Sunday in Saint Petersburg, beginning of the 1905 revolution.
February 23 » Chicago attorney Paul Harris and three other businessmen meet for lunch to form the Rotary Club, the world's first service club.
April 17 » The Supreme Court of the United States decides Lochner v. New York, which holds that the "right to free contract" is implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
June 30 » Albert Einstein sends the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, in which he introduces special relativity, for publication in Annalen der Physik.
September 8 » The 7.2 Mw Calabria earthquake shakes southern Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing between 557 and 2,500 people.
October 30 » Czar Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto, granting the Russian peoples basic civil liberties and the right to form a duma. (October 17 in the Julian calendar)
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The Conk/Robillard Family Tree publication was prepared by Martin L. Robillard (contact is not possible).
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Martin L. Robillard, "Conk/Robillard Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/conk-robillard-family-tree/P39453.php : accessed May 11, 2025), "Martial Claiborne Pontiff (1831-1905)".
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