The temperature on December 24, 1831 was about 7.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northeast. Weather type: half bewolkt dampig. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
April 12 » Soldiers marching on the Broughton Suspension Bridge in Manchester, England, cause it to collapse.
July 4 » Samuel Francis Smith writes "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities.
July 20 » Seneca and Shawnee people agree to relinquish their land in western Ohio for 60,000 acres west of the Mississippi River.
September 8 » November uprising: The Battle of Warsaw effectively ends the Polish insurrection.
November 5 » Nat Turner, American slave leader, is tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in Virginia.
November 11 » In Jerusalem, Virginia, Nat Turner is hanged after inciting a violent slave uprising.
Day of death April 13, 1913
The temperature on April 13, 1913 was between -4.1 °C and 7.5 °C and averaged 1.6 °C. There was 1.1 mm of rain. There was 8.8 hours of sunshine (64%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 17 » The Armory Show opens in New York City, displaying works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.
July 4 » President Woodrow Wilson addresses American Civil War veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913.
October 10 » U.S. President Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, completing major construction on the Panama Canal.
October 14 » Senghenydd colliery disaster, the United Kingdom's worst coal mining accident, claims the lives of 439 miners.
December 17 » A spur of the Shaker Heights streetcar line opens, the first line of the eventual Cleveland RTA Rapid Transit system.
December 23 » The Federal Reserve Act is signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson, creating the Federal Reserve System.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Brian Case, "Case family tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/case-family-tree/P923.php : accessed May 6, 2025), "Karl Herman Marten (1830-1913)".
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