The temperature on June 26, 1843 was about 16.0 °C. Wind direction mainly north-northwest. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 11 » Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi alla prima crociata receives its first performance in Milan, Italy.
June 26 » Treaty of Nanking comes into effect, Hong Kong Island is ceded to the British "in perpetuity".
August 15 » The Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu, Hawaii is dedicated. Now the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu, it is the oldest Roman Catholic cathedral in continuous use in the United States.
October 16 » William Rowan Hamilton invents quaternions, a three-dimensional system of complex numbers.
October 30 » Fuerte Bulnes, the first Chilean settlement in the strait of Magellan, is founded.
December 16 » The discovery of octonions by John T. Graves, who denoted them with a boldface O, was announced to his mathematician friend William Hamilton, discoverer of quaternions, in a letter on this date.
Day of marriage August 13, 1862
The temperature on August 13, 1862 was about 20.7 °C. The air pressure was 3.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 57%. Source: KNMI
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 13 » The Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves was passed by the United States Congress, effectively annulling the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and setting the stage for the Emancipation Proclamation.
June 9 » American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson concludes his successful Shenandoah Valley Campaign with a victory in the Battle of Port Republic; his tactics during the campaign are now studied by militaries around the world.
July 16 » American Civil War: David Farragut is promoted to rear admiral, becoming the first officer in United States Navy to hold an admiral rank.
August 28 » American Civil War: Second Battle of Bull Run, also known as the Battle of Second Manassas. The battle ends on August 30.
September 14 » American Civil War: The Battle of South Mountain, part of the Maryland Campaign, is fought.
December 31 » American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln signs an act that admits West Virginia to the Union, thus dividing Virginia in two.
Day of death April 12, 1917
The temperature on April 12, 1917 was between 0.5 °C and 5.8 °C and averaged 3.1 °C. There was 3.7 mm of rain. There was 1.9 hours of sunshine (14%). The average windspeed was 5 Bft (very strong wind) and was prevailing from the southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 17 » The United States pays Denmark $25 million for the Virgin Islands.
February 5 » The current constitution of Mexico is adopted, establishing a federal republic with powers separated into independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
May 13 » Three children report the first apparition of Our Lady of Fátima in Fátima, Portugal.
August 6 » World War I: Battle of Mărășești between the Romanian and German armies begins.
October 4 » World War I: The Battle of Broodseinde is fought between the British and German armies in Flanders.
December 12 » Father Edward J. Flanagan founds Boys Town as a farm village for wayward boys.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Lydia Burns, "Buitekant & Scheffer Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/buitekant-scheffer-family-tree/I2685.php : accessed May 4, 2025), "Esther Nathan Roos (1843-1917)".
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