The temperature on December 18, 1801 was about -3.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: omtrent helder windstil . Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 1 » The legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland is completed, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland is proclaimed.
February 17 » An electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr is resolved when Jefferson is elected President of the United States and Burr, Vice President by the United States House of Representatives.
May 10 » First Barbary War: The Barbary pirates of Tripoli declare war on the United States of America.
July 12 » British ships inflict heavy damage on Spanish and French ships in the Second Battle of Algeciras.
August 1 » First Barbary War: The American schooner USSEnterprise captures the Tripolitan polacca Tripoli in a single-ship action off the coast of modern-day Libya.
September 9 » Alexander I of Russia confirms the privileges of Baltic provinces.
Day of death November 15, 1888
The temperature on November 15, 1888 was about 6.4 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south east. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from April 21, 1888 to August 21, 1891 the cabinet Mackay, with Mr. A. baron Mackay (AR) as prime minister.
March 20 » The premiere of the very first Romani language operetta is staged in Moscow, Russia.
May 12 » In Southeast Asia, the North Borneo Chartered Company's territories become the British protectorate of North Borneo.
June 29 » George Edward Gouraud records Handel's Israel in Egypt onto a phonograph cylinder, thought for many years to be the oldest known recording of music.
September 30 » Jack the Ripper kills his third and fourth victims, Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes.
October 14 » Louis Le Prince films the first motion picture, Roundhay Garden Scene.
October 15 » The "From Hell" letter allegedly sent by Jack the Ripper is received by investigators.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Donald Bowers, "Bowers Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/bowers-family-tree/P1032.php : accessed May 14, 2025), "Margaret Rebecca Bowers (1801-1888)".
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