February 12 » Santiago, Chile is founded by Pedro de Valdivia.
April 7 » Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese East Indies.
May 8 » Hernando de Soto stops near present-day Walls, Mississippi, and sees the Mississippi River (then known by the Spanish as Río de Espíritu Santo, the name given to it by Alonso Álvarez de Pineda in 1519).
August 29 » The Ottoman Turks capture Buda, the capital of the Hungarian Kingdom.
September 11 » Santiago, Chile, is besieged by indigenous warriors, led by Michimalonco, to free eight indigenous chiefs held captive by the Spaniards. However, the Spaniards decapitated them and rolled their heads on the main square, horrifying the indigenous warriors, and subsequently ending the attack.
September 13 » After three years of exile, John Calvin returns to Geneva to reform the church under a body of doctrine known as Calvinism.
January 20 » Battle of Rio de Janeiro: Portuguese forces under the command of Estácio de Sá definitively drive the French out of Rio de Janeiro.
February 10 » Lord Darnley, second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, is found strangled following an explosion at the Kirk o' Field house in Edinburgh, Scotland, a suspected assassination.
May 15 » Mary, Queen of Scots marries James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, her third husband.
July 24 » Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate and replaced by her 1-year-old son James VI.
July 25 » Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela.
July 29 » The infant James VI is crowned King of Scotland at Stirling.
April 30 » Juan de Oñate begins the conquest of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.
July 22 » William Shakespeare’s play, The Merchant of Venice, is entered on the Stationers’ Register. By decree of Queen Elizabeth, the Stationers’ Register licensed printed works, giving the Crown tight control over all published material.
August 14 » Nine Years' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford: Irish forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeats an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.
December 16 » Seven-Year War: Battle of Noryang: The final battle of the Seven-Year War is fought between the China and the Korean allied forces and Japanese navies, resulting in a decisive allied forces victory.
December 21 » Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by cacique Pelentaru, inflict a major defeat on Spanish troops in southern Chile.
December 23 » Arauco War: Governor of Chile Martín García Óñez de Loyola is killed in the Battle of Curalaba by Mapuches led by Pelantaru.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Preston Rich, "Benjamin Preston Rich Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/benjamin-preston-rich-family-tree/P1591.php : accessed May 8, 2025), "Katheryn Maria Cooke (1541-1598)".
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