Ancestral Trails 2016 » Henri de FRANCE II (1519-1559)

Persönliche Daten Henri de FRANCE II 

• Er wurde geboren am 31. März 1519 in Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, France.

  Pass auf: Alter bei der Heirat (28. Oktober 1533) war unter 16 Jahre (14).

• Titel: King of France
• Er ist verstorben am 10. Juli 1559 in Place des Vosges, Paris, Ile-de-France, France, er war 40 Jahre alt.
• Er wurde beerdigt im Jahr 1559 in Basilica de St Denis, Paris, France.
• Ein Kind von Francis de FRANCE und Claude de FRANCE

Familie von Henri de FRANCE II

(1) Er ist verheiratet mit Catherine de MEDICI.

Sie haben geheiratet am 28. Oktober 1533, er war 14 Jahre alt.

Kind(er):

1. Marguerite de VALOIS  1553-1615
2. Claude de FRANCE  1547-1575 
3. Charles de FRANCE  1550-1574 
4. Elizabeth de VALOIS  1545-1568 
5. Francis de FRANCE  -1560

(2) Er hat eine Beziehung mit Nicole de SAVIGNY.

Kind(er):

1. Henri DE ST REMY  1557-1621

(3) Er hat eine Beziehung mit Filipa DUCI.

Kind(er):

1. Diane de FRANCE  1538-1619

(4) Er hat eine Beziehung mit Janet STEWART.

Kind(er):

1. Henri d'ANGOULEME  1551-1586

Notizen bei Henri de FRANCE II

Henry II (French: Henri II; 31 March 1519 - 10 July 1559) was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559. The second son of Francis I, he became Dauphin of France upon the death of his elder brother Francis III, Duke of Brittany, in 1536.

As a child, Henry and his elder brother spent over four years in captivity in Spain as hostages in exchange of their father. Henry pursued his father's policies in matter of arts, wars and religion. He persevered in the Italian Wars against the House of Habsburg and tried to suppress the Protestant Reformation even as the Huguenots became an increasingly large minority in France during his reign.

The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), which put an end to the Italian Wars, had mixed results: France renounced its claims to territories in Italy, but gained certain other territories, including the Pale of Calais and the Three Bishoprics. France failed to change the balance of power in Europe, as Spain remained the sole dominant power, but it did benefit from the division of the holdings of its ruler, Charles V, and from the weakening of the Holy Roman Empire, which Charles also ruled.

Henry suffered an untimely death in a jousting tournament held to celebrate the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis at the conclusion of the Eighth Italian War. The king's surgeon, Ambroise Paré, was unable to cure the infected wound inflicted by Gabriel de Montgomery, the captain of his Scottish Guard. He was succeeded in turn by three of his sons, whose ineffective reigns helped to spark the French Wars of Religion between Protestants and Catholics.

Henry was born in the royal Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, the son of Francis I and Claude, Duchess of Brittany (daughter of Louis XII of France and Anne, Duchess of Brittany, and a second cousin of her husband).

His father was captured at the Battle of Pavia in 1525 by the forces of his sworn enemy, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and held prisoner in Spain. To obtain his release, it was agreed that Henry and his older brother be sent to Spain in his place. They remained in captivity for over four years.

Henry married Catherine de' Medici, a member of the ruling family of Florence, on 28 October 1533, when they were both fourteen years old. The following year, he became romantically involved with a thirty-five-year-old widow, Diane de Poitiers. They had always been very close: she had publicly embraced him on the day he set off to Spain, and during a jousting tournament, he insisted that his lance carry her ribbon instead of his wife's. Diane became Henry's mistress and most trusted confidante and, for the next twenty-five years, wielded considerable influence behind the scenes, even signing royal documents. Extremely confident, mature and intelligent, she left Catherine powerless to intervene. She did, however, insist that Henry sleep with Catherine in order to produce heirs to the throne.

When his elder brother Francis, the Dauphin and Duke of Brittany, died in 1536 after a game of tennis, Henry became heir apparent to the throne. He succeeded his father on his 28th birthday and was crowned King of France on 25 July 1547 at Reims Cathedral.

Henry II was an avid hunter and a participant in jousts and tournaments. On 30 June 1559, at the Place des Vosges at the Hôtel des Tournelles, during a match to celebrate the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis with his longtime enemies, the Habsburgs of Austria, and to celebrate the marriage of his daughter Elisabeth of Valois to King Philip II of Spain, King Henry was wounded in the eye by a fragment of the splintered lance of Gabriel Montgomery, captain of the King's Scottish Guard. Despite the efforts of royal surgeon Ambroise Paré, the king died of septicemia on 10 July 1559. He was buried in a cadaver tomb in Saint Denis Basilica. Henry's death was a factor in the end of jousting as a sport.

As Henry lay dying, Queen Catherine limited access to his bedside and denied his mistress Diane de Poitiers permission to see him, even though he repeatedly asked for her. Following his death, Catherine sent Diane into exile, where she lived in comfort on her own properties until her death.

Henry was succeeded by his sickly fifteen-year-old son, Francis II. He was married to sixteen-year-old Mary Queen of Scots, who had been his childhood friend and fiancée since her arrival at the French court when she was five. Francis II died 18 months later in 1560, and Mary returned to Scotland the following summer. Francis II was succeeded by his ten-year-old brother Charles IX. His mother, Catherine de Medici, acted as Regent. Starting in 1562 and for the rest of the century, France was filled with turbulence as Protestants and Catholics fought the bitter Wars of Religion.

Catherine de' Medici bore 10 of Henry's children:

Francis II, King of France, born 19 January 1544, married Mary Stuart Queen of Scots
Elizabeth of France, born 2 April 1545, married Philip II, King of Spain.
Claude of France, born 12 November 1547, married Charles III, Duke of Lorraine.
Louis, Duke of Orléans, born 3 February 1549, died 24 October 1549.
Charles IX, King of France, born 27 June 1550.
Henry III, King of France, born 19 September 1551, also briefly King of Poland.
Margaret of France, born 14 May 1553, married Henry IV, King of France.
Hercules, Duke of Anjou, born 18 March 1555, later known as Francis, Duke of Alençon and Anjou.
Victoria of France, born 24 June 1556, died 17 August 1556.
Joan of France, stillborn.

Henry II also had three illegitimate children:

By Filippa Duci:
Diane, duchesse d'Angoulême (1538-1619). At the age of fourteen, the younger Diane married Orazio Farnese, Duke of Castro, who died in battle in 1553. Her second marriage was to François, Duke of Montmorency.

By Lady Janet Stewart (1508-1563), the illegitimate daughter of James IV of Scotland:
Henri d'Angoulême (1551 - June 1586). He was legitimized and became governor of Provence.

By Nicole de Savigny:
Henri de Saint-Rémy (1557-1621). He was given the title of Count of Saint-Rémy. One of his last descendants was Jeanne de Valois-Saint-Rémy, Countess de la Motte, famous for her role in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace at the court of Louis XVI.
SOURCE: Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_d%27Angoul%C3%AAme

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