Ancestral Trails 2016 » EDWARD I OF ENGLAND (1239-1307)

Persoonlijke gegevens EDWARD I OF ENGLAND 

• Hij is geboren op 17 juni 1239 in Westminster Palace, Westminster, Middlesex.Bronnen 2, 3, 4

  Let op: Was ouder dan 65 jaar (66) toen kind (Eleanor OF ENGLAND) werd geboren (4 mei 1306).

  Let op: Leeftijd bij trouwen (1 november 1254) lag beneden de 16 jaar (15).

• Hij is gedoopt op 21 juni 1239 in Westminster Palace, Westminster, Middlesex.Bron 5

  Baptised by Eudes, the Pope's legate

• Titel: King of England
• (Ancestry) : House of Plantagenet.
• (Nickname) in Longshanks.
• (Titles) op 20 november 1272 in Succeeded to the title of King Edward I of England.Bron 6
• (Coronation) op 19 augustus 1274 in Crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey.
• (Relationship) : 21st Great Grandfather.
• Hij is overleden op 7 juli 1307 in Burgh-on-Sands, Nr Carlisle, Scotland, hij was toen 68 jaar oud.Bronnen 2, 3, 4
• Hij is begraven op 27 oktober 1307 in Westmnster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex.
• Een kind van HENRY III OF ENGLAND en ELEANOR de PROVENCE

Gezin van EDWARD I OF ENGLAND

(1) Hij is getrouwd met MARGUERITE de FRANCE.

Zij zijn getrouwd op 10 september 1299 te Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, hij was toen 60 jaar oud.Bronnen 1, 7

Kind(eren):

1. THOMAS OF BROTHERTON  1300-1338 
2. Edmund OF WOODSTOCK  1301-???? 
3. Eleanor OF ENGLAND  1306-1311

• Het echtpaar heeft gemeenschappelijke voorouders.



(2) Hij is getrouwd met ELEANOR de CASTILE.

Zij zijn getrouwd op 1 november 1254 te Monastery of Los Huelgas, Burgos, Castile, Spain, hij was toen 15 jaar oud.




Kind(eren):

1. Henry PLANTAGENET  1267-1274
2. Katherine PLANTAGENET  1263-1264
3. Berengaria PLANTAGENET  1276-< 1278
4. Alice PLANTAGENET  
5. Isabella PLANTAGENET  -1291
6. Joanna PLANTAGENET  -< 1265
7. Julian PLANTAGENET  1271-1271
8. Margaret PLANTAGENET  -1334 
9. Eleanor PLANTAGENET  1269-1298 
10. EDWARD II OF ENGLAND  1284-1327 
11. Alfonso PLANTAGENET  1273-1284
12. John PLANTAGENET  1266-1271
13. Mary PLANTAGENET  -< 1332
14. JOAN D'ACRE PLANTAGENET  1272-1307 
15. ELIZABETH PLANTAGENET  1282-1316 


• Het echtpaar heeft gemeenschappelijke voorouders.



Notities over EDWARD I OF ENGLAND

http://www.royaldescent.net/edward-i-plantagenet-king-of-england-2/

Edward I (17/18 June 1239 - 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. He spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, Edward investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs.

As the first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and joined the fight against Simon de Montfort. Montfort was defeated at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and within two years the rebellion was extinguished. With England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster on 19 August.

After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276-77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282-83 with a full-scale war of conquest. After a successful campaign, Edward subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people. Next, his efforts were directed towards Scotland. Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom. In the war that followed, the Scots persevered, even though the English seemed victorious at several points. At the same time there were problems at home. In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition. These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled. When the King died in 1307, he left to his son, Edward II, an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.

Edward I was a tall man for his era, hence the nickname "Longshanks". He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries. Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith. Modern historians are divided on their assessment of Edward I: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility. Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes. At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England. The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it was over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1656.

Early years, 1239-63
Childhood and marriage
Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster on the night of 17-18 June 1239, to King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. Edward is an Anglo-Saxon name, and was not commonly given among the aristocracy of England after the Norman conquest, but Henry was devoted to the veneration of Edward the Confessor, and decided to name his firstborn son after the saint. Among his childhood friends was his cousin Henry of Almain, son of King Henry's brother Richard of Cornwall. Henry of Almain would remain a close companion of the prince, both through the civil war that followed, and later during the crusade. Edward was in the care of Hugh Giffard - father of the future Chancellor Godfrey Giffard - until Bartholomew Pecche took over at Giffard's death in 1246.

There were concerns about Edward's health as a child, and he fell ill in 1246, 1247, and 1251. Nonetheless, he became an imposing man; at 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) he towered over most of his contemporaries, and hence perhaps his epithet "Longshanks", meaning "long legs" or "long shins". The historian Michael Prestwich states that his "long arms gave him an advantage as a swordsman, long thighs one as a horseman. In youth, his curly hair was blond; in maturity it darkened, and in old age it turned white. [His features were marred by a drooping left eyelid.] His speech, despite a lisp, was said to be persuasive."

In 1254, English fears of a Castilian invasion of the English province of Gascony induced Edward's father to arrange a politically expedient marriage between his fourteen-year-old son and thirteen-year-old Eleanor, the half-sister of King Alfonso X of Castile. Eleanor and Edward were married on 1 November 1254 in the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas in Castile. As part of the marriage agreement, the young prince received grants of land worth 15,000 marks a year. Although the endowments King Henry made were sizeable, they offered Edward little independence. He had already received Gascony as early as 1249, but Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, had been appointed as royal lieutenant the year before and, consequently, drew its income, so in practice Edward derived neither authority nor revenue from this province. The grant he received in 1254 included most of Ireland, and much land in Wales and England, including the earldom of Chester, but the King retained much control over the land in question, particularly in Ireland, so Edward's power was limited there as well, and the King derived most of the income from those lands.

From 1254 to 1257, Edward was under the influence of his mother's relatives, known as the Savoyards, the most notable of whom was Peter of Savoy, the queen's uncle. After 1257, Edward increasingly fell in with the Poitevin or Lusignan faction - the half-brothers of his father Henry III - led by such men as William de Valence. This association was significant, because the two groups of privileged foreigners were resented by the established English aristocracy, and they would be at the centre of the ensuing years' baronial reform movement. There were tales of unruly and violent conduct by Edward and his Lusignan kinsmen, which raised questions about the royal heir's personal qualities. The next years would be formative on Edward's character.

First marriage
By his first wife Eleanor of Castile, Edward had at least fourteen children, perhaps as many as sixteen. Of these, five daughters survived into adulthood, but only one son outlived his father, King Edward II (1307-1327). He was reportedly concerned with his son's failure to live up to the expectations of an heir to the crown, and at one point decided to exile the prince's favourite Piers Gaveston. His sons by Eleanor of Castile were as follows:

John (13 July 1266 - 3 August 1271), predeceased his father and died at Wallingford while in the custody of his granduncle Richard, Earl of Cornwall, buried at Westminster Abbey.
Henry (6 May 1268 - 14 October 1274), predeceased his father, buried in Westminster Abbey.
Alphonso, Earl of Chester (24 November 1273 - 19 August 1284), predeceased his father, buried in Westminster Abbey.
Son (1280/81 - 1280/81), predeceased his father; little evidence exists for this child.
King Edward II (25 April 1284 - 21 September 1327), eldest surviving son and heir, succeeded his father as king of England. In 1308 he married Isabella of France, with whom he had four children.

Henry and Eleanor had the following daughters:

Daughter (May 1255 - 29 May 1255), stillborn or died shortly after birth.
Katherine (before 17 June 1264 - 5 September 1264), buried at Westminster Abbey.
Joanna (Summer or January 1265 - before 7 September 1265), buried in Westminster Abbey.
Eleanor (c. 18 June 1269 - 19 August 1298), in 1293 she married Henry III, Count of Bar, by whom she had two children, buried in Westminster Abbey.
Juliana (after May 1271 - 5 September 1271), born and died while Edward and Eleanor were in Acre.
Joan of Acre (1272 - 23 April 1307), married (1) in 1290 Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford, who died in 1295, and (2) in 1297 Ralph de Monthermer. She had four children by Clare, and three or four by Monthermer.
Margaret (c.15 March 1275 - after 11 March 1333), married John II of Brabant in 1290, with whom she had one son.
Berengaria (May 1276 - between 7 June 1277 and 1278), buried in Westminster Abbey.
Daughter (December 1277 - January 1278), buried in Westminster Abbey.
Mary of Woodstock (11/12 March 1279 - 29 May 1332), a Benedictine nun in Amesbury, Wiltshire, where she was probably buried.
Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (c. 7 August 1282 - 5 May 1316), married (1) in 1297 John I, Count of Holland, (2) in 1302 Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford. The first marriage was childless; by Bohun Elizabeth had ten children.

Second marriage
By Margaret of France Edward had two sons, both of whom lived into adulthood, and a daughter who died as a child. The Hailes Abbey chronicle indicates that John Botetourt may have been Edward's illegitimate son; however, the claim is unsubstantiated. His progeny by Margaret of France was as follows:

Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 - 4 August 1338), buried in Bury St Edmunds Abbey. Married (1) Alice Hales, with issue; (2) Mary Brewes, no issue.
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (1 August 1301 - 19 March 1330), married Margaret Wake with issue.
Eleanor (6 May 1306 - 1310)[259]
SOURCE: Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England

In the name, &c. We, Edward, eldest son of the noble King of England, make our Will the Saturday next after Pentecost, in the year of our Lord 1272. First, we bequeath our soul to God, to our Lady, and to all the Saints; and our body to be buried where our executors, that is to say, Sir John de Bretagne, Sir William de Valence, Sir Roger de Clifford, Sir Payse de Chautros, Sir Robert de Tiletot, Sir Otes de Graundison, Robert Burnett, and Anthony Bek, shall appoint; who are also to hold the profits of all our lands in England, Ireland, and Gascony, until our children become of age. And if it should so happen (which God forbid!) that our Lord the King, our father, die whilst our children be under age, we will that the realm of England, and all other lands which should descend to our children, remain in the hands of our executors before named, and also in those of our dear father the Archbishop of York, and Sir Rog. and other great men of the kingdom, until they become of full age. And for the dowry of our dear wife Eleanor, &c. In testimony of which we have placed our seal to this Will, having requested John Archbishop of Sur, and Vicar of the Holy Church of Jerusalem, and the honorable fathers, Frere Hugh Revel, Master of the Hospital, and Frere Thomas Brerard, Master of the Temple, likewise to place their seals in witness hereof. Dated at Acre, the Saturday before named, the 18th June, in the year of the reign of the King our Father the 55th. From Testamenta Vetusta, Being Illustrations from Wills, of Manners, Customs, &c., vol. 1, pp. 7-10. Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Barrister at Law, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. London: Nichols & Son, 1826.


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