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Persoonlijke gegevens Robrecht II "Robert the Crusader" van Vlaanderen 

• Alternatieve namen: Robert II le Hiérosolymitain, Robrecht II
• Roepnaam is Robert the Crusader.
• Hij is geboren rond 1065 in Gent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Vlaanderen, België.
• Titel: Count
• Beroepen:
• in het jaar 1111 Count of Flanders.
• Greve, Count of Flanders, Greve av Flandern deltog i det första korståget, Sieur, de Sablé, Count of Flanders (1093-1111), Seigneur de Sable, Seigneur, Comte.
• Hij is overleden op 5 oktober 1111Meaux, Île-de-France, France.
• Hij is begraven op 6 oktober 1111.
• Een kind van Robert graaf van Vlaanderen en Gertrude Adelhead
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 27 mei 2022.

Gezin van Robrecht II "Robert the Crusader" van Vlaanderen

Hij is getrouwd met Clémence Namur.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 1096Netherlands, Flanders, Belgium.

Kind(eren):

1. Rosamunda van Vlaanderen  1099-1158 

Notities over Robrecht II "Robert the Crusader" van Vlaanderen

Name Suffix: II

Robert II, Count of Flanders
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Robert II (c. 1065 – October 5, 1111) was Count of Flanders from 1093 to 1111. He became known as Robert of Jerusalem (Robertus Hierosolimitanus) or Robert the Crusader after his exploits in the First Crusade.

[edit] History

He was the eldest son of Robert I of Flanders and Gertrude of Holland. His father, hoping to place the cadet branch (or "Baldwinite" branch) of Flanders over the county, began to associate him with his rule around 1077. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

After becoming count in 1093, he joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. Robert established a regency council in Flanders and followed the retinue Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return to the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city.

Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was surrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on June 30, 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march.

At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left the army to raid the surrounding territory for food, and on December 30 they defeated an army sent to relieve Antioch, led by Dukak of Damascus. Antioch was eventually betrayed to Bohemund by an Armenian guard, and Robert was among the first to enter the city, but only a few days later they were themselves besieged by Kerbogha of Mosul. On June 28, 1098, the crusaders marched out to meet him in battle; Robert and Hugh of Vermandois led the first of six divisions. Kerbogha was defeated and the Muslim-held citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute.

The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand sous, but each attempted bribe was ignored. Raymond continued south to Jerusalem in January, 1099, but Robert and Godfrey remained behind in Antioch until February. They rejoined Raymond's army at the Siege of Arqa. In June, Robert and Gaston IV of Bearn led the vanguard which arrived at Ramla, and with Tancred of Taranto he led an expedition into Samaria to find wood in order to construct siege engines for the Siege of Jerusalem. When Jerusalem was captured on July 15, Robert supported Godfrey's claim over that of Raymond, and on August 9 marched out with him to meet the Fatimid army under al-Afdal Shahanshah which was coming to relieve Jerusalem. Robert formed part of the centre wing in the ensuing Battle of Ascalon, which resulted in a crusader victory. However, Godfrey and Raymond quarrelled over possession of Ascalon, and even Robert could not support Godfrey in this dispute; the city remained uncaptured, although the victory allowed for the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

At the end of August, Robert returned home with Robert Curthose and Raymond. On the way back they captured Latakia, which was returned to the Byzantine emperor, as promised years before. Raymond remained there but both Roberts continued home by way of Constantinople, after declining Alexius' request to stay there in his service. Robert brought back with him a precious relic, the arm of St. George, a gift from Alexius. The relic was placed in the church of Anchin in Flanders. After he returned, Robert built the monastery of St. Andrew in Betferkerke, near Bruges. Because of his crusade and the spoils he brought home, he was nicknamed Robert of Jerusalem.

During his absence, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV had tried to seize imperial Flanders. Robert responded by supporting the revolt of the Commune of Cambrai against the emperor and his supporter, Bishop Gaulcher, and seized a number of castles. Peace was restored in 1102 paid homage to the emperor for imperial Flanders, but after 1105, the new emperor, Henry V, marched on Flanders, with the aid of Baldwin III, Count of Hainaut and an army from Holland. Robert stopped them outside of Douai and a new peace was signed, in which the emperor recognized Robert's claim to Douai and Cambrai.

In 1103 he made an alliance with King Henry I of England, offering 1000 cavalry in exchange for an annual tribute, but when Henry refused to pay, Robert allied with his nominal overlord, Louis VI of France, and attacked Normandy. With the king diverted, Theobald IV of Blois led a revolt of the French barons. Robert led an army against Meaux, but near the city he was fatally wounded, fell of his horse, and drowned in the Marne.

[edit] Family

He married Clementia of Burgundy, sister of Pope Callistus II. They had three children, but only the oldest survived to adulthood. He succeeded Robert as Baldwin VII of Flanders.

[edit] Sources

* Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, vol. I: The First Crusade, Cambridge University Press, 1951.

Preceded by
Robert I Count of Flanders
1093–1111 Succeeded by
Baldwin VII

{geni:about_me} Robert II Comte de Flandre (1065 - 1111)- Count of Flanders

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FLANDERS,%20HAINAUT.htm#Top

ROBERT (1065-[5 Oct] 1111, bur Arras St Vaast[295]). "Roberti filius eius [Robertus Flandrensium comes]" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[296]. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Philippum et Robertum" as sons of "Robertus [et] vidua Gertrude"[297]. He ruled with his father as joint count of Flanders from 1086[298]. He succeeded his father in 1093 as ROBERT II Count of Flanders. He joined the First Crusade in 1096, and was joint-leader of a contingent with Robert Duke of Normandy and Etienne Comte de Blois[299]. As the crusaders approached Antioch in Oct 1097, a contingent under Count Robert captured Artah to the south-west[300]. After the capture of Jerusalem, he left Palestine for Europe in Sep 1099[301]. He helped Henry I King of England conquer Normandy from his brother Robert in 1106, in accordance with the alliance agreed in the Treaty of Dover in 1103 which was renewed in 1110[302]. Orderic Vitalis records that Count Robert was among the forces of Louis VI King of France which fought Thibaut IV Comte de Blois near Meaux, that he was trampled as the king fled with his men, and died a few days later[303]. According to William of Malmesbury, he was mortally wounded in a tournament[304]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "III Non Oct" of "Rotbertus Flandrensium comes"[305], which is consistent with the date of death of Count Robert II shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[306]. However, it seems more likely that this entry relates to Count Robert I (whose death is recorded on 13 Oct in another source, see above) as the same necrology also records the death "XV Kal Aug" of "Gertrudis comitissa" who may be identified with the wife of the older count Robert[307]. m (before 1092) as her first husband, CLEMENCE de Bourgogne, daughter of GUILLAUME I Comte de Bourgogne & his wife Etiennette --- ([1078]-[1133]). "Clementie Flandrarum comitisse" is named as wife of "Robertus iunior" in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[308]. Orderic Vitalis names her as wife of Count Robert but does not give her origin[309]. Her origin is confirmed by the Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana which names "Clementiam filiam Willelmi comitis Burgundionum cognomento Testahardith" as wife of "Rodbertus Rodberti filius"[310]. Clemence could not have been born much later than 1078, given the birth of her first child (by her first husband) in 1093. She was appointed regent in Flanders during the absence of her first husband on crusade[311]. She promoted the monastic movement and introduced Cluniac rule into several abbeys in Flanders[312]. She founded Bourbourg Abbey with her first husband in [1103]. "Balduinus Flandrensium comes et Clementia comitissa" confirmed the donation of the church of Saint-Bertin to Cluny made by "dominus meus Rotbertus comes", by charter 12 Apr 1112[313]. She opposed the succession in 1119 of Count Charles, supporting the candidature of Guillaume d'Ypres[314]. She married secondly ([1125]) as his second wife, Godefroi V Duke of Lower Lotharingia. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. The Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin records the death in [1133] of "Clementia Roberti iunioris vidua" and specifies that "eatenus pene terciam partem Flandrie dotis loco tenuit"[315], although it is curious that this does not mention her second husband who was still alive when his wife died. Robert II & his wife had three children:

a) BAUDOUIN ([1092/93]-Boulers 17 Jun 1119, bur Saint Bertin[316]). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum et Guillelmum" as sons of "Rodbertus [et] Clementiam"[317]. His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who says that he was "still a boy" when he succeeded his father[318] in 1111 as BAUDOUIN VII Count of Flanders. He refused to return her marriage portion to his mother, who instigated a rebellion of south Flemish barons with the help of Baudouin III Comte de Hainaut, but was forced to submit. William of Malmesbury and Orderic Vitalis record that Count Baudouin supported Guillaume "Clito" de Normandie against Henry I King of England in 1118, invaded Normandy as far as Arques, but in Sep 1118 was wounded "for his helmet being battered with repeated strokes, he received an injury to his brain"[319]. He passed the last ten months of his life in the monastery of St Bertin[320]. He designated Charles of Denmark as his successor on his deathbed[321], although the accuracy of this statement is dubious if his brain injuries were severe. The Annales Blandinienses record that "Balduinus comes, Rodberti iunioris et Clementiæ filius" was 26 years old when he became a monk after a distinguished military career[322]. The Vita Karoli Comitis Flandriæ records the death "1119 XV Kal Iulii" of Count Baudouin, and his burial at St Bertin[323]. m (1110, divorced) HAVISE de Bretagne, daughter of ALAIN IV "Fergant" Duke of Brittany & his second wife Ermengarde d'Anjou. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana refers to the wife of "Balduinum comitem" as "filiam Alani Fregani comitis Brittaniæ", but does not name her[324]. The Flandria Generosa names "filiam Alani comitis Brittaniæ" as the wife of "Balduinus Inclitus", specifying that they were separated by Pope Pascal II on grounds of consanguinity[325]. The Chronicon Briocensi names "Conanum et Hazevisiam" as the two children of "Alanus filius primogenitus [Hoelli]" and his wife "Ermengardem filiam Comitis Andegavensis"[326].

b) GUILLAUME de Flandre (1094-1109, bur Saint-Bertin). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum et Guillelmum" sons of "Rodbertus [et] Clementiam"[327]. "Guillelmus fratrem meum" is named in the donation to Saint-Bertin of "Balduinus Flandrensium marchisus" dated 1119, which also specifies Guillaume's burial place[328] and in another passage states that he died before his father[329].

c) --- de Flandre (1095-young). The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis records that "Clementia cum de viro suo comite Roberto genuisset tres filios infra tres annos" but does not name any of them[330].

--------------------

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II,_Count_of_Flanders

Robert II, Count of Flanders

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Robert II, Count of Flanders.

Robert II (c. 1065 – October 5, 1111) was Count of Flanders from 1093 to 1111. He became known as Robert of Jerusalem (Robertus Hierosolimitanus) or Robert the Crusader after his exploits in the First Crusade.

Contents

[show]

* 1 History

* 2 Family

* 3 Ancestry

* 4 References

* 5 Notes

* 6 Sources

[edit] History

He was the eldest son of Robert I of Flanders and Gertrude of Holland. His father, hoping to place the cadet branch (or "Baldwinite" branch) of Flanders over the county, began to associate him with his rule around 1086[1]. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

After becoming count in 1093, he joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. Robert established a regency council in Flanders and followed the retinue Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return to the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city.

Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was surrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on June 30, 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march.

At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left the army to raid the surrounding territory for food, and on December 30 they defeated an army sent to relieve Antioch, led by Dukak of Damascus. Antioch was eventually betrayed to Bohemund by an Armenian guard, and Robert was among the first to enter the city, but only a few days later they were themselves besieged by Kerbogha of Mosul. On June 28, 1098, the crusaders marched out to meet him in battle; Robert and Hugh of Vermandois led the first of six divisions. Kerbogha was defeated and the Muslim-held citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute.

The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand sous, but each attempted bribe was ignored. Raymond continued south to Jerusalem in January, 1099, but Robert and Godfrey remained behind in Antioch until February. They rejoined Raymond's army at the Siege of Arqa. In June, Robert and Gaston IV of Bearn led the vanguard which arrived at Ramla, and with Tancred of Taranto he led an expedition into Samaria to find wood in order to construct siege engines for the Siege of Jerusalem. When Jerusalem was captured on July 15, Robert supported Godfrey's claim over that of Raymond, and on August 9 marched out with him to meet the Fatimid army under al-Afdal Shahanshah which was coming to relieve Jerusalem. Robert formed part of the centre wing in the ensuing Battle of Ascalon, which resulted in a crusader victory. However, Godfrey and Raymond quarrelled over possession of Ascalon, and even Robert could not support Godfrey in this dispute; the city remained uncaptured, although the victory allowed for the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

At the end of August, Robert returned home with Robert Curthose and Raymond. On the way back they captured Latakia, which was returned to the Byzantine emperor, as promised years before. Raymond remained there but both Roberts continued home by way of Constantinople, after declining Alexius' request to stay there in his service. Robert brought back with him a precious relic, the arm of Saint George, a gift from Alexius. The relic was placed in the church of Anchin Abbey in Flanders[2]. After he returned, Robert built the monastery of St. Andrew in Betferkerke, near Bruges. Because of his crusade and the spoils he brought home, he was nicknamed Robert of Jerusalem.

During his absence, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV had tried to seize imperial Flanders. Robert responded by supporting the revolt of the Commune of Cambrai against the emperor and his supporter, Bishop Gaulcher, and seized a number of castles. Peace was restored in 1102 paid homage to the emperor for imperial Flanders, but after 1105, the new emperor, Henry V, marched on Flanders, with the aid of Baldwin III, Count of Hainaut and an army from Holland. Robert stopped them outside of Douai and a new peace was signed, in which the emperor recognized Robert's claim to Douai and Cambrai.

In 1103 he made an alliance with King Henry I of England, offering 1000 cavalry in exchange for an annual tribute, but when Henry refused to pay, Robert allied with his nominal overlord, Louis VI of France, and attacked Normandy. With the king diverted, Theobald IV of Blois led a revolt of the French barons. Robert led an army against Meaux, but near the city he was fatally wounded, fell off his horse, and drowned in the Marne.

[edit] Family

He married Clementia of Burgundy, sister of Pope Callistus II. They had three children, but only the oldest survived to adulthood. He succeeded Robert as Baldwin VII of Flanders.

Sources

* Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, vol. I: The First Crusade, Cambridge University Press, 1951.

Preceded by

Robert I Count of Flanders

1093–1111 Succeeded by

Baldwin VII

This page was last modified on 21 January 2010 at 12:04.

--------------------

Robert II, Count of Flanders

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Robert II (c. 1065 – October 5, 1111) was Count of Flanders from 1093 to 1111. He became known as Robert of Jerusalem (Robertus Hierosolimitanus) or Robert the Crusader after his exploits in the First Crusade.

[edit]History

He was the eldest son of Robert I of Flanders and Gertrude of Holland. His father, hoping to place the cadet branch (or "Baldwinite" branch) of Flanders over the county, began to associate him with his rule around 1077. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

After becoming count in 1093, he joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. Robert established a regency council in Flanders and followed the retinue Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return to the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city.

Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was surrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on June 30, 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march.

At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left the army to raid the surrounding territory for food, and on December 30 they defeated an army sent to relieve Antioch, led by Dukak of Damascus. Antioch was eventually betrayed to Bohemund by an Armenian guard, and Robert was among the first to enter the city, but only a few days later they were themselves besieged by Kerbogha of Mosul. On June 28, 1098, the crusaders marched out to meet him in battle; Robert and Hugh of Vermandois led the first of six divisions. Kerbogha was defeated and the Muslim-held citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute.

The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand sous, but each attempted bribe was ignored. Raymond continued south to Jerusalem in January, 1099, but Robert and Godfrey remained behind in Antioch until February. They rejoined Raymond's army at the Siege of Arqa. In June, Robert and Gaston IV of Bearn led the vanguard which arrived at Ramla, and with Tancred of Taranto he led an expedition into Samaria to find wood in order to construct siege engines for the Siege of Jerusalem. When Jerusalem was captured on July 15, Robert supported Godfrey's claim over that of Raymond, and on August 9 marched out with him to meet the Fatimid army under al-Afdal Shahanshah which was coming to relieve Jerusalem. Robert formed part of the centre wing in the ensuing Battle of Ascalon, which resulted in a crusader victory. However, Godfrey and Raymond quarrelled over possession of Ascalon, and even Robert could not support Godfrey in this dispute; the city remained uncaptured, although the victory allowed for the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

At the end of August, Robert returned home with Robert Curthose and Raymond. On the way back they captured Latakia, which was returned to the Byzantine emperor, as promised years before. Raymond remained there but both Roberts continued home by way of Constantinople, after declining Alexius' request to stay there in his service. Robert brought back with him a precious relic, the arm of St. George, a gift from Alexius. The relic was placed in the church of Anchin in Flanders. After he returned, Robert built the monastery of St. Andrew in Betferkerke, near Bruges. Because of his crusade and the spoils he brought home, he was nicknamed Robert of Jerusalem.

During his absence, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV had tried to seize imperial Flanders. Robert responded by supporting the revolt of the Commune of Cambrai against the emperor and his supporter, Bishop Gaulcher, and seized a number of castles. Peace was restored in 1102 paid homage to the emperor for imperial Flanders, but after 1105, the new emperor, Henry V, marched on Flanders, with the aid of Baldwin III, Count of Hainaut and an army from Holland. Robert stopped them outside of Douai and a new peace was signed, in which the emperor recognized Robert's claim to Douai and Cambrai.

In 1103 he made an alliance with King Henry I of England, offering 1000 cavalry in exchange for an annual tribute, but when Henry refused to pay, Robert allied with his nominal overlord, Louis VI of France, and attacked Normandy. With the king diverted, Theobald IV of Blois led a revolt of the French barons. Robert led an army against Meaux, but near the city he was fatally wounded, fell of his horse, and drowned in the Marne.

[edit]Family

He married Clementia of Burgundy, sister of Pope Callistus II. They had three children, but only the oldest survived to adulthood. He succeeded Robert as Baldwin VII of Flanders.
--------------------
1093-1111 talet
--------------------
http://www.ourfamilyhistories.org/getperson.php?personID=I9420&tree=00

Ancestral File Number: 91R5-FN

Ancestral File Number: 91R5-FN

Robert var greve av Flandern 1093-1111. Han var en av ledarna i första
korståget.

Nedan från

http://www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/balduine/balduine_grafen_von_fland
ern/robert_2_graf_von_flandern_1111.html

Robert II.

Graf von Flandern (1093-1111)

-------------

1065-5.10.1111 gefallen

Brücke bei Meaux

Begraben: 6. Oktober 1111 Abteikirche St-Vaast d'Arras

Ältester Sohn des Grafen Robert I. der Friese von Flandern und der
Gertrud Billung von Sachsen, Tochter von Herzog Bernhard II.

Lexikon des Mittelalters: Band VII Seite 895

********************

Robert II. von Jerusalem, Graf von Flandern

-------------------------------

* um 1065, + 2./3. Oktober 1111 gefallen

Begraben: 6. Oktober 1111 Abteikirche St-Vaast d'Arras

Ältester Sohn des Grafen Robert I. und der Gertrud von Sachsen

um 1090

oo Clementia von Burgund

****************

"Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen"

XI. 113. ROBERT II., Mitgraf 1087, Graf von Flandern 1093

-----------------------------

* ca. 1065, + 1111 5. X.

Gemahlin: vor 1092 (ca. 1090) Clementia, Tochter des Grafen Wilhelm
von Burgund (siehe XI. 99)

+ ca. 1133

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
---------

Robert II. war 1089/90 während des Palästinaaufenthaltes seines
Vaters, dem er ganz ähnlich war, Regent von Flandern. Er war reich und
mächtig genug, um mit einem ansehnlichen Heer 1096/99 am 1. Kreuzzug
teilzunehmen, doch besaß er nur geringe Fähigkeiten zu dessen Führung,
da er vielmehr nur geschickt gewesen sein soll, Schwert und Lanze mit
ungewöhnlicher Wucht zu handhaben. Er befehdete ständig Holland und
die Bischöfe von Cambrai und Utrecht, war 1104-1107 geächtet und
gebannt und behauptete sich gegen Kaiser HEINRICH V., der 1107 gegen
ihn zog, in Reichsflandern. Er erhielt die Schirmvogtei über Cambrai
und Cateau Cambresis zugestanden und baute die Landesherrschaft
konsequent aus. Er geriet mehrmals gegen Frankreich, den
Hauptlehensherrn, stritt mit den Vettern im Hennegau und starb durch
einen Sturz vom Pferd auf einem Feldzug gegen Blois.

Jäschke Kurt-Ulrich: Seite 121,144,171

*****************

"Die Anglonormannen"

Gegenüber Roberts des Friesen Nachfolger Robert II. nahm Wilhelm der
Rote sogar die Gewährung des überkommenen Geldlehens von 300 Mark
wieder auf; das konnte als Lohn für Neutralität oder gar für Hilfe bei
eventuellen Normandie-Feldzügen ausgelegt werden.

Darüber hinaus ließ Heinrich I. die Leute auf Krongut, seine Barone
und deren Lehnträger einen Sicherheitseid leisten, nämlich seine Sache
bis Weihnachten gegen Robert zu verteidigen. Besonders auffällig wirkt
das Bündnis Heinrichs I. mit Graf Robert II. von Flandern: Dies
geschah am 10. März 1101 in Gegenwart von Kanzler Wilhelm Giffard zu
Dover und in Form einer Erneuerung, wenn nicht gar Erhöhung des
traditionellen Geldlehens auf 500 Pfund. Die Gegenleistung Roberts II.
sollte darin bestehen, Heinrich I. gegen jedermann zu helfen,
allerdings unter Wahrung seiner Treue gegenüber Roberts II. erstem
Lehnsherrn König Philipp I. Immerhin sollte der Flandern-Graf auch
dann 1.000 Soldritter nach England schicken, wenn Philipp I. oder
irgendein anderer Feind eine Invasion durchführen oder innere Unruhen
ausbrechen würden; darüber hinaus wollte er auf Wunsch Heinrichs I. in
jedem Jahr 1.000 Ritter in die Normandie oder 500 nach Maine
gestellen. Sofern Philipp I. die Dienste Roberts II. auf einem
Kriegszug gegen Heinrich I. benötigte, sollte jener nur 10 Ritter als
eben das kleinste Kontingent mit sich führen, das auf seinem Lehen
lastete, und die anderen Truppen bei seinem Soldherrn belassen. Der
Vertrag wurde 1103 und 1110 erneuert und mochte für einen reichen
König von großem Wert sein; seine tatsächliche Inanspruchnahme ist
schwer zu fassen, auf jeden Fall noch nicht für 1101.

Boshof, Egon: Seite 261,267

************

"Die Salier"

Für Paschalis II. war der SALIER das Haupt der Häretiker, dessen
Vernichtung ein Gott wohlgefälliges Werk sein mußte, und so scheute er
nicht davor zurück, die Kämpfe um Cambrai, in denen der Graf Robert
von Flandern gegen den kaisertreuen Bischof Walcher die Herrschaft
über die Stadt zu gewinnen suchte, geradezu zu einem Kreuzzug gegen
HEINRICH zu stilisieren.

Die durch den Antagonismus der Häuser LIMBURG und LÖWEN-BRABANT
beeinträchtigte Stabilität der politischen Lage im NW des Reiches rief
den Grafen Robert von Flandern auf den Plan, der in den
Auseinandersetzungen um den Bischofsstuhl von Cambrai seinen Einfluß
auf diese Stadt auszudehnen versuchte. So sah sich HEINRICH V. im
November 1107 zu einem Feldzug gegen Flandern gezwungen, der den
Grafen zwar einlenken ließ, dem König aber keinen durchschlagenden
Erfolg einbrachte. Robert leistete einen Treueid, HEINRICH führte den
"kaiserlichen" Bischof Walcher nach Cambrai zurück und löste die
Kommune auf, aber gleichzeitig verlieh er dem Grafen die
Burggrafschaft in Cambrai und weitere feste Plätze im Bistum.

Leo Heinrich: Seite 27-32

***********

"Zwölf Bücher niederländischer Geschichten"

Ein plötzlicher Tod machte Roberts vielbewegtem, tatenreichen Leben im
Oktober 1093 zu Cassel ein Ende. Ihm folgte sein Sohn Robert der
Jüngere, der schon einmal die Markgrafschaft verwaltet hatte, und
später den Beinamen Robert der Jerusalemiter erhielt.

Um diese Zeit, als der erste Kreuzzug begann, forderte Kaiser HEINRICH
die Burggrafschaft Gent, also das Aalsterland, und die vier Ambachten,
außerdem die seeländischen Inselnn alles deutsche Lehen, von Flandern
ab, wahrscheinlich weil Robert seinen Lehenspflichten nicht
nachgekommen war. Der Markgraf rüstetete sich zum Widerstande, aber
die eben beginnenden Züge nach dem Heiligen Lande entführten auch dem
Kaiser viele der Tapfersten aus seiner Ritterschaft, und bald fühlte
sich Robert so sicher, daß auch er sich den Zügen anschließen konnte,
ungeachtet der Streit zwischen ihm und dem Deutschen reiche noch
keineswegs ganz ausgegleichen war. Sobald er zurückgekehrt war, begann
die Fehde mit neuem Feuer und im Winter 1102 belagerte Robert Cambrai,
bis HEINRICH die Stadt entsetzte. Endlich 1103 wurde auf einem Tag zu
Lüttich Friede geschlossen, und Robert leistete dem Kaiser den
Lehenseid. In derselben Zeit wurde ein Streit zwischen Balduin III.
von Hennegau und Robert über Douai so beigelegt, daß diese Stadt bei
Flandern blieb.

Runciman, Steven: Seite 110,158-160,279-280,282-284,285-288

****************

"Geschichte der Kreuzzüge"

Robert II., der den Grafentitel bereits 1080 trug, führte während der
Pilgerfahrt seines Vaters (1086-1089) eine wichtige administrative
Neuerung durch, indem er den Propst des Stiftes St. Donatian zu Brügge
als Kanzler einsetzte. Nach der Rückkehr Roberts I. regierten Vater
und Sohn gemeinsam. Es war vielleicht Robert II., der 1093 mit König
Wilhelm II. von England in Dover ein Abkommen aushandelte. Nach dem
Tode des Vaters (1093) unbestrittener Nachfolger, unterstützte er
König Wilhelm II. von England bei einem Feldzug gegen Robert II.,
Herzog von der Normandie (1094-1095). Mit einem großen Heer brach
Robert im September/Oktober 1096 zum 1. Kreuzzug auf, gemeinsam mit
Robert II. von der Normandie und Eustachius von Boulogne. In
Konstantinopel leistete er Kaiser Alexios I. Komnenos einen Treueid.
Im Heiligen Land beteiligte er sich unter anderem an der Belagerung
von Antiochia, trat aber bald nach der Einnahme Jerusalems (15. Juli
1099) die Rückreise an. Auf ein Angebot des byzantinischen Kaisers, in
die Dienste des Byzantinischen Reiches zu treten, ging er nicht ein.
Im Frühling 1100 nach Flandern zurückgekehrt, verfolgte Robert II. in
bezug auf Cambrai eine antikaiserliche Politik, geriet mehrmals in
Konflikt mit HEINRICH IV. und HEINRICH V. und verstand es, die
flandrische Machtstellung im Cambresis zu festigen. Durch den Einfluss
seiner Gemahlin Clementia wurde die cluniazensische Reform eingeführt.
Im März 1103 schloss er zu Dover einen Vertrag mit Heinrich I. von
England, der Robert ein jährliches Geldlehen von 400 Mark sicherte.
Nach der Eroberung der Normandie durch Heinrich I. unterstützte Robert
II. seinen Lehnsherrn Ludwig VI. von Frankreich im Krieg gegen
Heinrich I. (dennoch Erneuerung des Vertrages von Dover, 1110) und
dessen Verbündeten Thedbald IV. von Blois und fand im Kampf mit diesem
den Tod.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
---------

Brandenburg Erich: Tafel 22 Seite 44

Wohl stäker als Vater und Bruder entwickelte Heinrich I. das Mittel
des Geldlehens, um Vasallen außerhalb der Normandie anzubinden. Ein
besonders kostspieliges Beispiel war Flandern: Am 17. Mai 1110
erneuerte Heinrich I. den Vertrag von 1101; er lautete jetzt auf 400
Mark Geldlehen, die allerdings für nur noch die Hälfte der
militärischen Hilfe aufzzubringen waren, die vorher zugesagt worden
war - mit zweifelhaftem Erfolg, da Graf Robert II. bereits 1111 starb,
als ausgerechnet beim Kampf gegen Heinrichs I. Verbündeten Graf
Theobald IV von Blois auf der Brücke zu Meaux vom Pferd geworfen
wurde. Ohnehin waren es nur wirtschaftliche Erwägungen, die
flandrische Grafen zum Abgehen von ihrer Politik einer Trennung
Englands von der Normandie bestimmten, und entsprechend schwenkte
Roberts Sohn und Nachfolger Balduin VII. wieder auf nachdrückliche
Gegnerschaft gegen die Normandie ein.

Während seiner Verwaltung war einmal (im Jahre 1095) Graf Heinrich
III. von Löwen in Doornik bei Graf Eberhard, und wurde von einem
Ritter im Waffenspiel getötet. In der Grafschaft Löwen folgte ihm
darauf sein Bruder, Gottfried der Bärtige; seine Witwe aber, die
Schwester Roberts des Jerusalemiters, heiratete den Landgrafen
Dietrich von Elsaß, durch welchen sie Mutter des nachmaligen
Markgrafen Dietrich von Flandern wurde.

Das Herzogtum Nieder-Lothringen, zu welche die deutschen Lehen des
Markgrafen gehörten, war nach Gottfrieds von Bouillon Tode an Heinrich
von Limburg gegeben worden. Als aber HEINRICH V. auf dem deutschen
Thron gefolgt war, gab er das Herzogtum Gottfried dem Bärtigen von
Löwen 1106. Schon ein Jahr nachher begann von neuem der Krieg mit dem
Reiche, wohl abermals weil Robert die Belehnung vom neuen Reichshaupt
nicht in gehöriger Form gesucht hatte, und weil die Holländer die
seeländischen Inseln, die Hennegauer Douai, der Herzog von Lothringen
die Burggrafschaft Gent, zu erobern wünschten. Aber alle die
Hoffnungen wurden zunichte, denn Robert verteidigte sich so tapfer,
daß König HEINRICH nichts gegen ihn ausrichtete, und ihm in dem
Frieden, der zu Weihnachten schon in Mainz geschlossen wurde, auch
Douai ließ. Einige Jahre darauf muß sich der Kampf erneuert haben,
denn im Jahre 1110 lag HEINRICH wieder vor Douai; auch diesmal
unverrichteter ache. Im Frieden belehnte er Robert sogar mit den
kaiserlichen trechten in Cambrai.

Schon früher, um die Zeit, wo Flandern von Robert dem Friesen an
seinen Sohn überging, war es gewesen, daß aus den Teilen der Diözese
von Cambrai, welche in der Markgrafschaft Flandern lagen, ein eigenes
Bistum von Arras gebildet, und so für die Zukunft die kirchliche
Abhängigkeit von einem auswärtigen Prälaten aufgehoben worden war. Von
andern kirchlichen Einrichtungen, welche Markgraf Robert während
seiner Verwaltung traf, führen wir nur noch an, daß von seiner
regierung die Pröpste von St. Donat in Brügge ihr Recht datierten,
kanzler der Markgrafschaft zu sein.

Den letzten Frieden mit dem Reiche überlebte Robert nicht lange. Kurz
vor seinem Tode im Mai 1111 hielt er wieder, wie Balduin der Fromme im
Jahr 1030, einen flandrischen Landtag zur Befestigung des
Landfriedens, der teils durch Fehden einzelner Familien, teils durch
den Übermut des immer reicher werdenden Volkes, welches sich die
Mißhandlungen des Adels nicht länger gefallen ließ, vielfach getrübt
wurde; alle Vizegrafen, Kastellane und wohl auch die Prälaten waren
zugegen. Es gab kein Mittel, der alten fränkischen Blutrache und dem
Fehdewesen des Adels, was sich immer noch erhielt, Einhalt zu tun, als
die Erklärung des Grafen und seiner Amtleute, daß in Zukunft jede
Verletzung einer Person mit Gleichem, Totschlag also mit Hinrichtung,
gestraft werden würde. In demselben Jahre begann zwischen England und
Flandern Krieg; denn Markgraf Balduin der Fromme hatte seinem
Schwiegersohn, Wilhelm dem Normannen, bei der Eroberung Englands
solche Unterstützung gewährt, daß seit jener Zeit die Könige von
England jährlich 300 Mark Silber an Flandern zahlten, bis König
Heinrich I. dieselbenm als einen unwürdigen Tribut verweigerte. Robert
hatte um so mehr darin eine Aufforderung, gegen die Normandie zu
ziehen, als Heinrich auch mit dem König von Frankreich in Fehde
geriet. In diesem Kampf wurde Robert erschlagen im Oktober 1112.

Neben Raimund von Toulouse und Hugo von Vermandois trafen Robert II.
von Flandern, Herzog Robert von der Normandie und dessen Schwager,
Graf Stephan von Blois, ihre Vorbereitungen zum Auszug.

Das vierte große Kreuzfahrerheer setzte sich im Oktober 1096, kurz
nachdem Raimund seine Heimat verlassen hatte, von N-Frankreich aus in
Marsch. Es stand unter der gemeinsamen Führung des Herzogs Robert von
der Normandie, seines Schwagers, des Grafen Stephan von Blois, und
seines Vetters, des Grafen Robert II. von Flandern. Der Graf von
Flandern war ein wenig jünger, aber eine weit kraftvollere
Persönlichkeit. Sein Vater Robert I. hatte im Jahr 1086 eine
Pilgerfahrt nach Jerusalem unternommen und war auf dem Rückweg
zeitweilig in die Dienste des Kaisers Alexios getreten. So war es nur
natürlich, daß Robert II. das Werk seines Vaters gegen die Ungläubigen
fortzuführen wünschte. Sein Heer war etwas kleiner als das Raimunds
oder Gottfrieds, aber von hoher Qualität. Er wurde außerdem von
Truppen aus Brabant unter Balduin von Alost, dem Grafen von Gent,
begleitet. Während seiner Abwesenheit wurden seine Länder von seiner
Gemahlin, der Gräfin Clementia von Burgund, verwaltet.

Robert von der Normandie und Stephan von Blois beschlossen, den Winter
in Annehmlichkeit in Kalabrien zu verbringen. Aber Robert von Flandern
zog mit seinen Leuten alsbald nach Bari weiter und schiffte sich
Anfang Dezember nach Epirus ein. Er gelangte ohne Mißhelligkeiten etwa
um die gleiche Zeit wie Bohemund nach Konstantinopel.

Die nächsten Tage gingen mit Intrigen darüber hin, wer auf den
weltlichen Thron erhoben werden solle. von den großen Fürsten, die aus
Konstantinopel ausgezogen, waren dem Kreuzzug nur noch vier
verblieben: Raimund von Toulouse, Gottfried von Lothringen, Robert von
Flandern und Robert von der Normandie. Neben Raimund war Robert von
Flandern der fähigste. Aber es war bekannt, daß er heimzukehren
wünschte, sobald der Besitz Jerusalems gesichert sei.

Gottfrieds Beziehungen zu den fürstlichen Genossen, die ihn bisher
unterstützt hatten, verschlechterten sich nach seiner Erhebung. Aus
irgendeinem Grund fügte er Robert von der Normandie eine Kränkung zu;
und Robert von Flandern verhielt sich merklich kühler.

In der siegreichen Schlacht von Asklalon (11. August 1099) gegen die
Ägypßter befehligte Robert neben Robert von der Normandie die Mitte.

Zornerfüllt und gedemütigt, begann Raimund sofort, mit allen seinen
Leuten nach Norden davonzuziehen; und Robert von der Normandie und
Robert von Flandern waren über Gottfrieds Kleinlichkeit so empört, daß
auch sie ihn im Stich ließen. Ohne ihre Hilfe konnte Gottfried sich
nicht auf einen Angriff gegen Askalon einlassen.

Zu diesem Zeitpunkt trafen Raimund und die beiden Robert in Dschabala
ein. Der Statthalter von Zypern erteilte seine Billigung und bot
Robert von Flandern und Robert von der Normandie unentgeltliche
Verschiffung nach Konstantinopel, dem ersten Abschnitt ihrer
Heimreise, an. Das Angebot wurde dankend angenommen. Die beiden Robert
segelten wohlbehalten nach Konstantinopel, wo ihnen der Kaiser einen
freundlichen Empfang bereitete. Seinen Vorschlag, im Osten zu bleiben
und in seine Dienste zu treten, lehnten sie jedoch ab und setzten nach
kurzem Aufenthalt ihre Reise nach Westen fort.

1090

oo 1. Clementia von Burgund, Tochter des Grafen Wilhelm I.

um 1070/75- 1133

1121

2. oo Gottfried I. Herzog von Brabant

x -25.1.1139

Kinder:

Wilhelm

- nach 1096

Balduin VII. mit dem Beil

um 1095-17.1.1119

Nedan från

http://www.campusprogram.com/reference/en/wikipedia/r/ro/robert_ii_of_f
landers.html

Robert II of Flanders

Robert II of Flanders (died 1111) was count of Flanders from 1093 to
1111. He became known as Robert of Jerusalem after his exploits in the
First Crusade.

He was the eldest son of Robert I of Flanders and Gertrude of Holland.

Robert died from a wound he received while aiding his overlord, King
Louis VI of France, against Theobald of Blois.

He married Clementia of Burgundy, and was succeeded by their son
Baldwin VII of Flanders.

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