Stamboom Homs » Bernat I de Septimània duc de Septimània (± 795-844)

Persoonlijke gegevens Bernat I de Septimània duc de Septimània 

• Hij is geboren rond 795 in Autun, Saone-et-Loire, Burgundy, France.
• Hij werd gedoopt rond 795.
• Beroepen:
• .

  {geni:job_title} Comte, de Razès

• in Count of Autun, Margrave of Septimania, Chamberlain of Louis 'the Pious'.
• in Chamberlain of Louis "the Pious".
• .

  {geni:job_title} Comte, de Toulouse, d'Autun, Marquis, de Septimanie, Chambellan, de Louis le Pieux

• .
• .

  {geni:job_title} Comte, d'Auvergne

• Hij is overleden op 14 februari 844 in Aix La Chapelle, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.
• Een kind van Guilhèm 'lo Grand' de Gellona en Cunegonda
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 6 september 2011.

Gezin van Bernat I de Septimània duc de Septimània

Hij is getrouwd met Duoda comtessa consort de Tolosa comtessa consort de Tolosa.

Zij zijn getrouwd op 24 juni 824 te Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia.

Kind(eren):

1. Bernat II 'Planta peluda' de Tolosa  841-± 886 
2. Regelindis de Septimanie  ± 842-± 901 

Notities over Bernat I de Septimània duc de Septimània

Name Prefix: Duke Name Suffix: of Narbonne and Septimania

Count of Autun
Margrave of Septimania
The famous chamberlain of Louis "the Pious." Executed 844, Aachen.

Count of Autun
Margrave of Septimania
The famous chamberlain of Louis "the Pious." Executed 844, Aachen.

Count of Autun
Margrave of Septimania
The famous chamberlain of Louis "the Pious." Executed 844, Aachen.

Bernard of Septimania
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bernard or Bernat of Septimania (795 – 844), son of William of Gellone, was the Frankish Duke of Septimania and Count of Barcelona from 826 to 832 and again from 835 to his execution. He was appointed to succeed his fellow Frank Rampon. During his career, he was one of the closest counsellors of the Emperor Louis the Pious, a leading proponent of the war against the Moors, and opponent of the interests of the local Visigothic nobility.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Title
* 2 Count of Barcelona
* 3 Court career
* 4 Civil war of 831–832
* 5 Civil war of 833–834
* 6 Reign of Charles the Bald
* 7 Notes
* 8 Sources

[edit] Title
Bernard's lands at their height in area.
Bernard's lands at their height in area.

Bernard was indisputably a count (comes) of Barcelona and several other counties over the course of his long career. He was also appears in the chronicles with the title duke (dux), though the extent to which this was a military designation is obscure.[1] He is sometimes retrospectively referred to by historians as a margrave (marchio). Here are his name and title as they appear in several primary sources:

* Barnhardus comes Barcinonensis[2] ("Bernard, Count of Barcelona")
* duce Bernhardo[3] ("Duke Bernard")
* præfatus Bernardus[4] ("Prefect Bernard")
* Bernhardum Barcenonensium ducem[5] ("Bernard, Duke of Barcelona")
* Bernardus comes marcæ Hispanicæ[6] ("Bernard, Count of the Hispanic March")
* Bernardo comiti Tolosano[7] ("Bernard, Count of Toulouse")

[edit] Count of Barcelona

Bernard is first attested in historical records as one of four sons in a document of his father's dating to 14 December 804 dealing with the foundation of the monastery of Gellone.[8]

Bernard must have inherited land in the area around Toulouse from which he expanded his power to become count around 826. He first attracted the attention of higher-ups by quelling the local revolt of a nobleman named Aisso, who was perhaps a Gothic lieutenant of the deposed Bera, Count of Barcelona.[9] The garrisons of the castles in the area, who had been favorable to Bera, joined Aisso in a revolt against the new count. Only the castle of Roda de Ter, in the county of Ausona, resisted and was subsequently destroyed by Aisso. From his newly-occupied territory, Aisso attacked the county of Cerdanya and the region of the Vallès. The young count Bernard requested and received some help from the Emperor, as well as that of some local hispani (probably Gothic noblemen). To counter these reinforcements, Aiss sent his brother to request help from Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba, the only potential ally powerful enough to threaten the Franks. Abd ar-Rahman sent the general Ubayd Allah Abu Marwan to Zaragoza in May 827, from whence he invaded the territory of Barcelona, reaching the city itself in the summer. He besieged it and ransacked its environs, but failed to take it.

When the Emperor learned of these raids, he ordered his second son, Pepin, then King of Aquitaine, and the counts Hugh of Tours and Matfrid of Orléans to recruite an army against the Muslims, but recruitment was slow. By the time the army arrived, Abu Marwan had already returned to Muslim territory, taking Aisso and his followers with him (late 827).

This reprieve, seen as a victory, greatly increased Bernard's prestige. Though the ravaged county of Ausona, a dependency of Barcelona, remained depopulated into the mid-ninth century, its ruin was attributed to the late arrival of Hugh and Matfird. Both counts were dispossessed of their counties at the Assembly of Aachen in 828. At that assembly, Orléans was granted to Odo and Bernard's brother Gaucelm received the fiefs of Conflent and Rasez. As Leibulf of Provence had died in the spring, his vast dominions — Narbonne, Béziers, Agde, Melgueil, Nîmes, and probably Uzès — were assigned to Bernard. From this wide collection of honores in Septimania, Bernard took the title "Duke of Septimania". In another assembly, at Ingelheim in June, a reprisal raid into Cordoban territory was considered, but although an army was gathered in Thionville, it did not enter the lands controlled by Bernard as the risk of Muslim raiding seemed to have declined.

[edit] Court career

In August 829, the Emperor sent his son Lothair to Pavia to wear the Iron Crown. Louis summoned Bernard to replace his son at court, with granting him the title of camerarius or Chamberlain and the custody of the young Charles, then just Duke of Alsace, Alemannia, and Rhaetia, but later destined to be King of West Francia. Bernard delegated the government of his counties to his brother Gaucelm, who thereupon took the title marchio or margrave.

After only a few months at court, Bernard had made many enemies. Indeed, he was the prime catalyst for the revolt of Lothair the following year.[10] Thegan of Trier, in his Gesta Hludowici, recorded that he was accused of having an illicit relationship with Empress, Judith of Bavaria, but considered these rumours to be lies. Nevertheless, these rumours provoked a riot in the army gathered at Rennes to fight the Bretons in April 830. His life under threat, as the three elder children of Louis supported the opposition against him, Bernard abandoned the court and, according to the Annales Bertiniani, returned to Barcelona. His brother, Eribert, who had remained at court, was banished. Bernard was deprived of the county of Autun which he had sometime before been granted.

At an assembly in Nijmegen in October 830, the Emperor recovered his authority after a brief civil war with his sons. Subsequently in another assembly, at Aachen in February 831, he proceeded to a divide the Empire, giving Gothia to Charles, although the division would not be effective until his death. Bernard attempted to regain favour with Judith and Charles, but they avoided renewing relations with the him after his fall from grace. At the Assembly of Thionville, October 831, Bernard spoke personally with the Emperor, but could not regain his previous position at court. In response, Bernard reversed his previous loyalties and side with the Emperor's enemies.

[edit] Civil war of 831–832

In November 831, Pepin of Aquitaine revolted against his father. While Berengar the Wise, Count of Toulouse, advised him against such a course of action, Bernard encouraged it. In early 832, Louis the Pious began the campaign against his rebellious son. Berengar, loyal to the Emperor, invaded the Bernard's honores and took Roussillon (with Vallespir) and probably also Rasez and Conflent. By 2 February, Berenguer was already in Elna.

Finally in the autumn, the successive victories of the imperial forces compelled Pepin and Bernard to appear before the Emperor in October. Pepin was dispossessed of his kingdom and sent as prisoner to Trier, having ceded all his territories to his half-brother Charles. Bernard was accused of infidelity and dismissed from all his offices and dispossessed of all his honores in Septimania and Gothia, which were given to Berengar. His brother Gaucelm was probably also dispossessed, but for a time he remained in possession of the County of Empúries, ignoring his dismissal.

[edit] Civil war of 833–834

In 833, however, Lothair revolted. Pepin, with Bernard and Gaucelm, remained loyal to Louis and, after defeating Lothair's forces, and returning the emperor to power on 1 March 834, Bernard requested the return of his honores, citing the loss of men he had sustained for the emperor's cause. However, Berengar was still in legal possession. The Emperor hesitated over his decision, but, in June 835, he summoned Bernard and Berengar to an Assembly in Cremieux, near Lyon, where he would deliver a verdict. Berengar died unexpectedly on the way and, freed of obstacles, the Emperor gave Septimania and its counties and that of Toulouse to Bernard. The only territories not returned were Empúries and Roussillon, which had already been granted to Sunyer I and Alaric respectively, and Urgell and Cerdanya, which had been detached from Toulouse by the usurper Aznar I Galíndez. Sunifred, brother of Oliba of Carcasonne, was assigned to expel him.

Bernard returned to his domain, where the Goth population that had supported Bera and then Berengar, still opposed him. Ten complaints were presented against him at the Assembly of Quierzy-sur-Oise in September 838. From 841, he was often absent participating in the struggles of the Empire, and the counties were administered by their respective viscounts.

[edit] Reign of Charles the Bald

Bernard avoided participating in the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye (25 June 841), where Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeated their brother Lothair, who retreated to the south with his army. Bernard remained outside the battle awaiting its result, upon which he sent his son William to offer homage to Charles the Bald and to promise him that his father would obtain the submission of Pepin II, the rebellious son of Pepin, who was claiming to rule Aquitaine. It seems that Bernard had no intention of keeping this last promise.

During Charles the Bald's campaign in Aquitaine (842), he decided to punish Bernard, dispossessing him of the county of Toulouse in favor of Acfred (July). Bernard, however, refused to accept the decision and revolted, openly allying himself to Pepin II and expelling Acfred from Toulouse (843). Charles responded by sending the dux Guerin of Provence, who in 842 directed the campaign in Aquitaine, against Septimania. Various other events — renewed Viking invasions and Breton raids — compelled an end to the internal civil struggles afflicting the Empire and, in August 843, the Treaty of Verdun was signed between the three brothers, Charles, Louis, and Lothair. Septimania and Gothia were left in the hands of Charles the Bald. The county of Uzès, where Bernat still possessed estates was assigned to Lothair. Furthermore, the county of Autun, which had long been lost to Bernard, and to which his son was renewed a claim, was given to Guerin.

In 844, Charles the Bald returned to Aquitaine with the objective of forcing Pepin II to submit and conquering Toulouse. Bernard of Septimania was captured, either by the royal forces during the assault on Toulouse or, according to French historian Pierre Andoque, the year before by the Guerin in Uzès. Andoque maintains that in 844 he was merely brought before Charles during his campaign through Aquitaine. One way or the other, in May 844 Bernard was presented to Charles, who ordered his execution.

The following month, Pepin II and Bernard's son William dealt a severe blow to Charles in the Angoumois on 14 June. Bernard's honores were given to Sunifred, who had been tasked previously with subduing Aznar in the Aragon.

Bernard married Dhuoda, (Dhuoda Sanchez) possible daughter of Sancho I of Gascony, (Sancho Loupez) on 29 June 824 in Aachen. By her he had two sons, the aforementioend William and another named Bernard Plantapilosa.

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Archibald R. Lewis, "The Dukes in the Regnum Francorum, A.D. 550-751" Speculum 51.3 (July 1976), pp. 381-410 offers some disambiguation of these Frankish titles.
2. ^ Gesta quorundam regum Francorum, p. 360.
3. ^ Thegan, p 597.
4. ^ Annales Bertiniani.
5. ^ Gesta quorundam regum Francorum, pp 361 and 362.
6. ^ Annales Bertiniani.
7. ^ Flodoard, p 338.
8. ^ Thomassy, p 179. There are two extant versions of this charter and one is dated to 15 December and does not mention Bernard.
9. ^ Others hypothesise that the name "Aisso" is a corruption of the Arabic Aysun, which was the name of the son of Sulayman al-Arabi, formerly imprisoned in Aachen, but who had escaped from captivity to the Hispanic March and established himself in the region of Vic.
10. ^ Hummer, p 161.

[edit] Sources

* Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.
* Thomassy, R. "Critique des deux chartes de foundation de l'abbaye de Saint-Guillem-du-Désert," Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes, Series 1, Volume II (Paris, 1840–1844).
* Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 – 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005.
* Flodoard of Rheims. Historia Remensis Ecclesiæ'. III, XXVI, MGH SS XXXVI.
* Thegan of Trier. Gesta Hludowici. 36, MGH SS II, p. 597.
* Annales Xantenses. MGH SS II, p. 227.
* Gesta quorundam regum Francorum. MGH SS I.

Preceded by
Rampon Count of Barcelona
826 – 832 Succeeded by
Berengar
Preceded by
Berengar Count of Barcelona
835 – 844 Succeeded by
Sunifred I

aka Bernard I Margrave of SEPTIMANIA de GELLONE; TOULOUSE; Count d' AUTUN

aka Bernard I Margrave of SEPTIMANIA de GELLONE; TOULOUSE; Count d' AUTUN

Rootsweb Feldman
URL: http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3044567&id=I10620
# ID: I10620
# Name: Count Of Autun BERNARD I 1 2 3 4
# Sex: M
# Birth: BEF 804 in Autun, Bourgogne, France 1 3 4
# Death: 844 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France 1 3 4
# Change Date: 15 JAN 2004 4
# Note:

[Joanne's Tree.1 GED.GED]

2 SOUR S332582
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: 14 Jan 2004

[daveanthes.FTW]

1 NAME Bernard I Count Of /Toulouse/
2 GIVN Bernard I Count Of
2 SURN Toulouse

Count of Autun, Margrave of Septimania, Chamberlain of Louis "the Pious".

Executed at Toulouse, France.

DATE 3 MAY 2000

DATE 3 MAY 2000

OCCU Duke of Septimania ...
SOUR COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve)
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve), #1315
PAGE 32
QUAY 0
SOUR COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve)
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve), #1315
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 234 says 844
PAGE 32
QUAY 0
Count of Autun, Count of Barcelona - COMYNI.GED (Compuserve), #1315; Royalty
for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 234 says his parents were William, Count
of Toulouse and Guibour of Hornbach - NLP; Count of Autun, Margrave of Septi-
mania; the famous chamberlain of Louis the Pious, executed 844 - Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 234

#Générale# Comte d'Autun et de Toulouse, Margrave de Septimanie et Chambellan de Louis le Pieux.
Attesté en 827.
Accusé de trahison par Charles le Cha uve pour avoir pris l eparti de Pépin d'Aquitaine, il est mis à mort.

Father: Count of Toulouse WILLIAM b: 750 in France
Mother: Cunigunde b: ABT 770 in France

Marriage 1 Dhuoda Of GASCONY b: ABT 804 in Gascony, France

* Married: 25 JUN 824 in Aix-la-Chapelle 1 5 3 4
* Event: Alt. Marriage 24 JUN 824 in Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany 3 4
* Note:

[Joanne's Tree.1 GED.GED]

[daveanthes.FTW]

SOUR COMYNI.GED (Compuserve), #1315

Children

1. Has Children Guillaume DE SEPTIMANIE b: ABT 825
2. Has Children Rosalinda (Sancha) Of TOULOUSE b: ABT 825 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France
3. Has Children Aton TRENCAVEL b: ABT 830 in Sauveterre DE Rouergue, Languedoc, France
4. Has Children Bernard II Plantevelue Comte D' AUVERGNE b: 22 MAR 840/41 in Uzes, Languedoc, France

Sources:

1. Title: Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.medieval, at groups - google.com
Note: ABBR Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.medieval, at groups - google.com
Note: 1 DATE 8 Dec 2000

ABBR Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.medieval, at groups - google.com
Page: Alan B Wilson, 12 Jun 1998
Text: QUAY 3
2. Title: GEDCOM File : emsuggs.ged
Author: Not Given
Note: ABBR GEDCOM File : emsuggs.ged
Note: Not Supplied

ABBR GEDCOM File : emsuggs.ged
Text: 25 OCT 2003QUAY 3
3. Title: daveanthes.FTW
Note: ABBR daveanthes.FTW
Note: Source Media Type: Other
Repository:
Call Number:
Media: Book
Text: Date of Import: 14 Jan 2004
4. Title: Joanne's Tree.1 GED.GED
Repository:
Call Number:
Media: Other
Text: Date of Import: Feb 6, 2004
5. Title: GEDCOM File : emsuggs.ged
Author: Not Given
Note: ABBR GEDCOM File : emsuggs.ged
Note: Not Supplied

ABBR GEDCOM File : emsuggs.ged
Text: 25 OCT 2003

==============================================

[Geoffrey De Normandie, Gedcom BSJTK Smith Family Tree.ged]

DATE 3 MAY 2000

DATE 3 MAY 2000

OCCU Duke of Septimania ...
SOUR COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve)
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve), #1315
PAGE 32
QUAY 0
SOUR COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve)
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve), #1315
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 234 says 844
PAGE 32
QUAY 0
Count of Autun, Count of Barcelona - COMYNI.GED (Compuserve), #1315; Royalty
for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 234 says his parents were William, Count
of Toulouse and Guibour of Hornbach - NLP; Count of Autun, Margrave of Septi-
mania; the famous chamberlain of Louis the Pious, executed 844 - Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 234

#Générale# Comte d'Autun et de Toulouse, Margrave de Septimanie et Chambellan de Louis le Pieux.
Attesté en 827.
Accusé de trahison par Charles le Cha uve pour avoir pris l eparti de Pépin d'Aquitaine, il est mis à mort.

!Name is; Bernard I, Count Of /POITIERS/

#Générale##Générale#Profession : Comte d'Auvergne.
Attesté en 848.

#Générale#note couple : #Générale#s:ds03.731

#Générale#Comte d'Autun et de Toulouse, Duc de Septimanie.Comte de Barcelone et de Gérone. Décapité suite à un soupçon de trahison..
Bernard de Septimanie fut investi de ce duché en 820 par Louis Ierle Pieux, dont il était le chambellan. Il jouissait d'une telle faveur à la cour de l'empereur, qu'on l'accusa d'adultère avec l'impératrice Judith de Bavière. Louis le dépouilla de son duché en 832, mais il le lui rendit l'année suivante, parce qu'il l'avait soutenu contre ses fils révoltés. Ayant plus tard favorisé la rébellion de Pépin II d'Aquitaine, il fut mis à mort à Toulouse par Charles le Chauve en 844.

#Générale#dit de Toulouse, condamné à mort par Charlemagne et exécuté

note couple : #Générale#s:ds03.731 ; Riché ; Auréjac

{geni:occupation} Comte de Toulouse et d'Autun, Comte, de Toulouse, d'Autun, Marquis, de Septimanie, Chambellan, de Louis le Pieux, Conde de Auvernia y Lieugarda, d'Auvergne, Count of Barcelona, de Razès, Duc de Septimanie, Comte de Gothie et du Palais

{geni:about_me} http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKISH%20NOBILITY.htm#Bernarddiedafter844B

-----------------------------------------------------------

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_of_Septimania

Bernard of Septimania

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bernard (or Bernat) of Septimania (795–844), son of William of Gellone, was the Frankish Duke of Septimania and Count of Barcelona from 826 to 832 and again from 835 to his execution. He was also count of Carcassonne from 837. He was appointed to succeed his fellow Frank Rampon. During his career, he was one of the closest counsellors of the Emperor Louis the Pious, a leading proponent of the war against the Moors, and opponent of the interests of the local Visigothic nobility.

Title

Bernard was indisputably a count (comes) of Barcelona and several other counties over the course of his long career. He also appears in the chronicles with the title duke (dux), though the extent to which this was a military designation is obscure.[1] He is sometimes retrospectively referred to by historians as a margrave (marchio). Here are his name and title as they appear in several primary sources:

* Bernhardus comes Barcinonensis[2] ("Bernard, Count of Barcelona")

* duce Bernhardo[3] ("Duke Bernard")

* præfatus Bernardus[4] ("Prefect Bernard")

* Bernhardum Barcenonensium ducem[5] ("Bernard, Duke of Barcelona")

* Bernardus comes marcæ Hispanicæ[4] ("Bernard, Count of the Hispanic March")

* Bernardo comiti Tolosano[6] ("Bernard, Count of Toulouse")

Count of Barcelona

Bernard is first attested in historical records as one of four sons in a document of his father's dating to 14 December 804 dealing with the foundation of the monastery of Gellone.[7]

Bernard must have inherited land in the area around Toulouse from which he expanded his power to become count around 826. He first attracted the attention of higher-ups by quelling the local revolt of a nobleman named Aisso, who was perhaps a Gothic lieutenant of the deposed Bera, Count of Barcelona.[8] The garrisons of the castles in the area, who had been favorable to Bera, joined Aisso in a revolt against the new count. Only the castle of Roda de Ter, in the county of Ausona, resisted and was subsequently destroyed by Aisso. From his newly-occupied territory, Aisso attacked the county of Cerdanya and the region of the Vallès. The young count Bernard requested and received some help from the Emperor, as well as that of some local hispani (probably Gothic noblemen). To counter these reinforcements, Aiss sent his brother to request help from Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba, the only potential ally powerful enough to threaten the Franks. Abd ar-Rahman sent the general Ubayd Allah Abu Marwan to Zaragoza in May 827, from whence he invaded the territory of Barcelona, reaching the city itself in the summer. He besieged it and ransacked its environs, but failed to take it.

When the Emperor learned of these raids, he ordered his second son, Pepin, then King of Aquitaine, and the counts Hugh of Tours and Matfrid of Orléans to recruite an army against the Muslims, but recruitment was slow. By the time the army arrived, Abu Marwan had already returned to Muslim territory, taking Aisso and his followers with him (late 827).

This reprieve, seen as a victory, greatly increased Bernard's prestige. Though the ravaged county of Ausona, a dependency of Barcelona, remained depopulated into the mid-ninth century, its ruin was attributed to the late arrival of Hugh and Matfird. Both counts were dispossessed of their counties at the Assembly of Aachen in 828. At that assembly, Orléans was granted to Odo and Bernard's brother Gaucelm received the fiefs of Conflent and Rasez. As Leibulf of Provence had died in the spring, his vast dominions — Narbonne, Béziers, Agde, Melgueil, Nîmes, and probably Uzès — were assigned to Bernard. From this wide collection of honores in Septimania, Bernard took the title "Duke of Septimania". In another assembly, at Ingelheim in June, a reprisal raid into Cordoban territory was considered, but although an army was gathered in Thionville, it did not enter the lands controlled by Bernard as the risk of Muslim raiding seemed to have declined.

Court career

In August 829, the Emperor sent his son Lothair to Pavia to wear the Iron Crown. Louis summoned Bernard to replace his son at court, with granting him the title of camerarius or Chamberlain and the custody of the young Charles, then just Duke of Alsace, Alemannia, and Rhaetia, but later destined to be King of West Francia. Bernard delegated the government of his counties to his brother Gaucelm, who thereupon took the title marchio or margrave.

After only a few months at court, Bernard had made many enemies. Indeed, he was the prime catalyst for the revolt of Lothair the following year.[9] Thegan of Trier, in his Gesta Hludowici, recorded that he was accused of having an illicit relationship with Empress, Judith of Bavaria, but considered these rumours to be lies. Nevertheless, these rumours provoked a riot in the army gathered at Rennes to fight the Bretons in April 830. His life under threat, as the three elder children of Louis supported the opposition against him, Bernard abandoned the court and, according to the Annales Bertiniani, returned to Barcelona. His brother, Eribert, who had remained at court, was banished. Bernard was deprived of the county of Autun which he had sometime before been granted.

At an assembly in Nijmegen in October 830, the Emperor recovered his authority after a brief civil war with his sons. Subsequently in another assembly, at Aachen in February 831, he proceeded to a divide the Empire, giving Gothia to Charles, although the division would not be effective until his death. Bernard attempted to regain favour with Judith and Charles, but they avoided renewing relations with him after his fall from grace. At the Assembly of Thionville, October 831, Bernard spoke personally with the Emperor, but could not regain his previous position at court. In response, Bernard reversed his previous loyalties and side with the Emperor's enemies.

Civil war of 831–832

In November 831, Pepin of Aquitaine revolted against his father. While Berengar the Wise, Count of Toulouse, advised him against such a course of action, Bernard encouraged it. In early 832, Louis the Pious began the campaign against his rebellious son. Berengar, loyal to the Emperor, invaded the Bernard's honores and took Roussillon (with Vallespir) and probably also Rasez and Conflent. By 2 February, Berenguer was already in Elna.

Finally in the autumn, the successive victories of the imperial forces compelled Pepin and Bernard to appear before the Emperor in October. Pepin was dispossessed of his kingdom and sent as prisoner to Trier, having ceded all his territories to his half-brother Charles. Bernard was accused of infidelity and dismissed from all his offices and dispossessed of all his honores in Septimania and Gothia, which were given to Berengar. His brother Gaucelm was probably also dispossessed, but for a time he remained in possession of the County of Empúries, ignoring his dismissal.

Civil war of 833–834

In 833, however, Lothair revolted. Pepin, with Bernard and Gaucelm, remained loyal to Louis and, after defeating Lothair's forces, and returning the emperor to power on 1 March 834, Bernard requested the return of his honores, citing the loss of men he had sustained for the emperor's cause. However, Berengar was still in legal possession. The Emperor hesitated over his decision, but, in June 835, he summoned Bernard and Berengar to an Assembly in Cremieux, near Lyon, where he would deliver a verdict. Berengar died unexpectedly on the way and, freed of obstacles, the Emperor gave Septimania and its counties and that of Toulouse to Bernard. The only territories not returned were Empúries and Roussillon, which had already been granted to Sunyer I and Alaric respectively, and Urgell and Cerdanya, which had been detached from Toulouse by the usurper Aznar I Galíndez. Sunifred, brother of Oliba of Carcasonne, was assigned to expel him.

Bernard returned to his domain, where the Goth population that had supported Bera and then Berengar, still opposed him. Ten complaints were presented against him at the Assembly of Quierzy-sur-Oise in September 838. From 841, he was often absent participating in the struggles of the Empire, and the counties were administered by their respective viscounts.

Reign of Charles the Bald

Bernard avoided participating in the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye (25 June 841), where Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeated their brother Lothair, who retreated to the south with his army. Bernard remained outside the battle awaiting its result, upon which he sent his son William to offer homage to Charles the Bald and to promise him that his father would obtain the submission of Pepin II, the rebellious son of Pepin, who was claiming to rule Aquitaine. It seems that Bernard had no intention of keeping this last promise.

During Charles the Bald's campaign in Aquitaine (842), he decided to punish Bernard, dispossessing him of the county of Toulouse in favor of Acfred (July). Bernard, however, refused to accept the decision and revolted, openly allying himself to Pepin II and expelling Acfred from Toulouse (843). Charles responded by sending the dux Guerin of Provence, who in 842 directed the campaign in Aquitaine, against Septimania. Various other events — renewed Viking invasions and Breton raids — compelled an end to the internal civil struggles afflicting the Empire and, in August 843, the Treaty of Verdun was signed between the three brothers, Charles, Louis, and Lothair. Septimania and Gothia were left in the hands of Charles the Bald. The county of Uzès, where Bernat still possessed estates was assigned to Lothair. Furthermore, the county of Autun, which had long been lost to Bernard, and to which his son was renewed a claim, was given to Guerin.

In 844, Charles the Bald returned to Aquitaine with the objective of forcing Pepin II to submit and conquering Toulouse. Bernard of Septimania was captured, either by the royal forces during the assault on Toulouse or, according to French historian Pierre Andoque, the year before by the Guerin in Uzès. Andoque maintains that in 844 he was merely brought before Charles during his campaign through Aquitaine. One way or the other, in May 844 Bernard was presented to Charles, who ordered his execution.

The following month, Pepin II and Bernard's son William dealt a severe blow to Charles in the Angoumois on 14 June. Bernard's honores were given to Sunifred, who had been tasked previously with subduing Aznar in the Aragon.

Bernard married Dhuoda, (Dhuoda Sanchez) possible daughter of Sancho I of Gascony, (Sancho Loupez) on 29 June 824 in Aachen. By her he had two sons, the aforementioend William and another named Bernard Plantapilosa.

Notes

1. ^ Archibald R. Lewis, "The Dukes in the Regnum Francorum, A.D. 550-751" Speculum 51.3 (July 1976), pp. 381-410 offers some disambiguation of these Frankish titles.

2. ^ Annales Fuldenses (Gesta quorundam regum Francorum) s.a. AD 829 (entry ascribed to Einhard), p. 360.

3. ^ Thegan, p 597.

4. ^ a b Annales Bertiniani.

5. ^ Annales Fuldenses s.a. AD 844 (entry ascribed to Rudolf of Fulda), pp. 364.

6. ^ Flodoard, p 338.

7. ^ Thomassy, p 179. There are two extant versions of this charter and one is dated to 15 December and does not mention Bernard.

8. ^ Others hypothesise that the name "Aisso" is a corruption of the Arabic Aysun, which was the name of the son of Sulayman al-Arabi, formerly imprisoned in Aachen, but who had escaped from captivity to the Hispanic March and established himself in the region of Vic.

9. ^ Hummer, p 161.

Sources

* Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.

* Thomassy, R. "Critique des deux chartes de foundation de l'abbaye de Saint-Guillem-du-Désert," Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes, Series 1, Volume II (Paris, 1840–1844).

* Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 – 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005.

* Flodoard. Historia Remensis Ecclesiæ'. III, XXVI, MGH SS XXXVI.

* Thegan of Trier. Gesta Hludowici. 36, MGH SS II, p. 597.

* Annales Xantenses. MGH SS II, p. 227.

* Annales Fuldenses (Gesta quorundam regum Francorum), ed. G.H. Pertz, Annales et chronica aevi Carolini. MGH Scriptores 1. Hanover, 1826. 337-415.

--------------------

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernat_of_Septimania

Bernard of Septimania

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Bernat of Septimania)

Bernard or Bernat of Septimania (795 – 844), son of William of Gellone, was the Frankish Duke of Septimania and Count of Barcelona from 826 to 832 and again from 835 to his execution. He was appointed to succeed his fellow Frank Rampon. During his career, he was one of the closest counsellors of the Emperor Louis the Pious, a leading proponent of the war against the Moors, and opponent of the interests of the local Visigothic nobility.Contents [hide]

1 Title

2 Count of Barcelona

3 Court career

4 Civil war of 831–832

5 Civil war of 833–834

6 Reign of Charles the Bald

7 Notes

8 Sources

[edit]

Title

Bernard's lands at their height in area.

Bernard was indisputably a count (comes) of Barcelona and several other counties over the course of his long career. He was also appears in the chronicles with the title duke (dux), though the extent to which this was a military designation is obscure.[1] He is sometimes retrospectively referred to by historians as a margrave (marchio). Here are his name and title as they appear in several primary sources:

Barnhardus comes Barcinonensis[2] ("Bernard, Count of Barcelona")

duce Bernhardo[3] ("Duke Bernard")

præfatus Bernardus[4] ("Prefect Bernard")

Bernhardum Barcenonensium ducem[5] ("Bernard, Duke of Barcelona")

Bernardus comes marcæ Hispanicæ[6] ("Bernard, Count of the Hispanic March")

Bernardo comiti Tolosano[7] ("Bernard, Count of Toulouse")

[edit]

Count of Barcelona

Bernard is first attested in historical records as one of four sons in a document of his father's dating to 14 December 804 dealing with the foundation of the monastery of Gellone.[8]

Bernard must have inherited land in the area around Toulouse from which he expanded his power to become count around 826. He first attracted the attention of higher-ups by quelling the local revolt of a nobleman named Aisso, who was perhaps a Gothic lieutenant of the deposed Bera, Count of Barcelona.[9] The garrisons of the castles in the area, who had been favorable to Bera, joined Aisso in a revolt against the new count. Only the castle of Roda de Ter, in the county of Ausona, resisted and was subsequently destroyed by Aisso. From his newly-occupied territory, Aisso attacked the county of Cerdanya and the region of the Vallès. The young count Bernard requested and received some help from the Emperor, as well as that of some local hispani (probably Gothic noblemen). To counter these reinforcements, Aiss sent his brother to request help from Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba, the only potential ally powerful enough to threaten the Franks. Abd ar-Rahman sent the general Ubayd Allah Abu Marwan to Zaragoza in May 827, from whence he invaded the territory of Barcelona, reaching the city itself in the summer. He besieged it and ransacked its environs, but failed to take it.

When the Emperor learned of these raids, he ordered his second son, Pepin, then King of Aquitaine, and the counts Hugh of Tours and Matfrid of Orléans to recruite an army against the Muslims, but recruitment was slow. By the time the army arrived, Abu Marwan had already returned to Muslim territory, taking Aisso and his followers with him (late 827).

This reprieve, seen as a victory, greatly increased Bernard's prestige. Though the ravaged county of Ausona, a dependency of Barcelona, remained depopulated into the mid-ninth century, its ruin was attributed to the late arrival of Hugh and Matfird. Both counts were dispossessed of their counties at the Assembly of Aachen in 828. At that assembly, Orléans was granted to Odo and Bernard's brother Gaucelm received the fiefs of Conflent and Rasez. As Leibulf of Provence had died in the spring, his vast dominions — Narbonne, Béziers, Agde, Melgueil, Nîmes, and probably Uzès — were assigned to Bernard. From this wide collection of honores in Septimania, Bernard took the title "Duke of Septimania". In another assembly, at Ingelheim in June, a reprisal raid into Cordoban territory was considered, but although an army was gathered in Thionville, it did not enter the lands controlled by Bernard as the risk of Muslim raiding seemed to have declined.

[edit]

Court career

In August 829, the Emperor sent his son Lothair to Pavia to wear the Iron Crown. Louis summoned Bernard to replace his son at court, with granting him the title of camerarius or chamberlain and the custody of the young Charles, then just Duke of Alsace, Alemannia, and Rhaetia, but later destined to be King of West Francia. Bernard delegated the government of his counties to his brother Gaucelm, who thereupon took the title marchio or margrave.

After only a few months at court, Bernard had made many enemies. Indeed, he was the prime catalyst for the revolt of Lothair the following year.[10] Thegan of Trier, in his Gesta Hludowici, recorded that he was accused of having an illicit relationship with Empress, Judith of Bavaria, but considered these rumours to be lies. Nevertheless, these rumours provoked a riot in the army gathered at Rennes to fight the Bretons in April 830. His life under threat, as the three elder children of Louis supported the opposition against him, Bernard abandoned the court and, according to the Annales Bertiniani, returned to Barcelona. His brother, Eribert, who had remained at court, was banished. Bernard was deprived of the county of Autun which he had sometime before been granted.

At an assembly in Nijmegen in October 830, the Emperor recovered his authority after a brief civil war with his sons. Subsequently in another assembly, at Aachen in February 831, he proceeded to a divide the Empire, giving Gothia to Charles, although the division would not be effective until his death. Bernard attempted to regain favour with Judith and Charles, but they avoided renewing relations with the him after his fall from grace. At the Assembly of Thionville, October 831, Bernard spoke personally with the Emperor, but could not regain his previous position at court. In response, Bernard reversed his previous loyalties and side with the Emperor's enemies.

[edit]

Civil war of 831–832

In November 831, Pepin of Aquitaine revolted against his father. While Berengar the Wise, Count of Toulouse, advised him against such a course of action, Bernard encouraged it. In early 832, Louis the Pious began the campaign against his rebellious son. Berengar, loyal to the Emperor, invaded the Bernard's honores and took Roussillon (with Vallespir) and probably also Rasez and Conflent. By 2 February, Berenguer was already in Elna.

Finally in the autumn, the successive victories of the imperial forces compelled Pepin and Bernard to appear before the Emperor in October. Pepin was dispossessed of his kingdom and sent as prisoner to Trier, having ceded all his territories to his half-brother Charles. Bernard was accused of infidelity and dismissed from all his offices and dispossessed of all his honores in Septimania and Gothia, which were given to Berengar. His brother Gaucelm was probably also dispossessed, but for a time he remained in possession of the County of Empúries, ignoring his dismissal.

[edit]

Civil war of 833–834

In 833, however, Lothair revolted. Pepin, with Bernard and Gaucelm, remained loyal to Louis and, after defeating Lothair's forces, and returning the emperor to power on 1 March 834, Bernard requested the return of his honores, citing the loss of men he had sustained for the emperor's cause. However, Berengar was still in legal possession. The Emperor hesitated over his decision, but, in June 835, he summoned Bernard and Berengar to an Assembly in Cremieux, near Lyon, where he would deliver a verdict. Berengar died unexpectedly on the way and, freed of obstacles, the Emperor gave Septimania and its counties and that of Toulouse to Bernard. The only territories not returned were Empúries and Roussillon, which had already been granted to Sunyer I and Alaric respectively, and Urgell and Cerdanya, which had been detached from Toulouse by the usurper Aznar I Galíndez. Sunifred, brother of Oliba of Carcasonne, was assigned to expel him.

Bernard returned to his domain, where the Goth population that had supported Bera and then Berengar, still opposed him. Ten complaints were presented against him at the Assembly of Quierzy-sur-Oise in September 838. From 841, he was often absent participating in the struggles of the Empire, and the counties were administered by their respective viscounts.

[edit]

Reign of Charles the Bald

Bernard avoided participating in the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye (25 June 841), where Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeated their brother Lothair, who retreated to the south with his army. Bernard remained outside the battle awaiting its result, upon which he sent his son William to offer homage to Charles the Bald and to promise him that his father would obtain the submission of Pepin II, the rebellious son of Pepin, who was claiming to rule Aquitaine. It seems that Bernard had no intention of keeping this last promise.

During Charles the Bald's campaign in Aquitaine (842), he decided to punish Bernard, dispossessing him of the county of Toulouse in favor of Acfred (July). Bernard, however, refused to accept the decision and revolted, openly allying himself to Pepin II and expelling Acfred from Toulouse (843). Charles responded by sending the dux Guerin of Provence, who in 842 directed the campaign in Aquitaine, against Septimania. Various other events — renewed Viking invasions and Breton raids — compelled an end to the internal civil struggles afflicting the Empire and, in August 843, the Treaty of Verdun was signed between the three brothers, Charles, Louis, and Lothair. Septimania and Gothia were left in the hands of Charles the Bald. The county of Uzès, where Bernat still possessed estates was assigned to Lothair. Furthermore, the county of Autun, which had long been lost to Bernard, and to which his son was renewed a claim, was given to Guerin.

In 844, Charles the Bald returned to Aquitaine with the objective of forcing Pepin II to submit and conquering Toulouse. Bernard of Septimania was captured, either by the royal forces during the assault on Toulouse or, according to French historian Pierre Andoque, the year before by the Guerin in Uzès. Andoque maintains that in 844 he was merely brought before Charles during his campaign through Aquitaine. One way or the other, in May 844 Bernard was presented to Charles, who ordered his execution.

The following month, Pepin II and Bernard's son William dealt a severe blow to Charles in the Angoumois on 14 June. Bernard's honores were given to Sunifred, who had been tasked previously with subduing Aznar in the Aragon.

Bernard married Dhuoda, (Dhuoda Sanchez) possible daughter of Sancho I of Gascony, (Sancho Loupez) on 29 June 824 in Aachen. By her he had two sons, the aforementioend William and another named Bernard Plantapilosa.

[edit]

Notes

^ Archibald R. Lewis, "The Dukes in the Regnum Francorum, A.D. 550-751" Speculum 51.3 (July 1976), pp. 381-410 offers some disambiguation of these Frankish titles.

^ Gesta quorundam regum Francorum, p. 360.

^ Thegan, p 597.

^ Annales Bertiniani.

^ Gesta quorundam regum Francorum, pp 361 and 362.

^ Annales Bertiniani.

^ Flodoard, p 338.

^ Thomassy, p 179. There are two extant versions of this charter and one is dated to 15 December and does not mention Bernard.

^ Others hypothesise that the name "Aisso" is a corruption of the Arabic Aysun, which was the name of the son of Sulayman al-Arabi, formerly imprisoned in Aachen, but who had escaped from captivity to the Hispanic March and established himself in the region of Vic.

^ Hummer, p 161.

[edit]

Sources

Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.

Thomassy, R. "Critique des deux chartes de foundation de l'abbaye de Saint-Guillem-du-Désert," Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes, Series 1, Volume II (Paris, 1840–1844).

Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 – 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005.

Flodoard of Rheims. Historia Remensis Ecclesiæ'. III, XXVI, MGH SS XXXVI.

Thegan of Trier. Gesta Hludowici. 36, MGH SS II, p. 597.

Annales Xantenses. MGH SS II, p. 227.

Gesta quorundam regum Francorum. MGH SS I.Preceded by

RamponCount of Barcelona

826 – 832Succeeded by

Berengar

Preceded by

BerengarCount of Barcelona

835 – 844Succeeded by

Sunifred I

--------------------

Bernard I Count of Autun, Margrave Septimania 1 2

Born: BEF 804 in Autun, Saone-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France 1

Died: 844 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France (executed) 1 2

Father: William I Count of Toulouse, Saint b: ABT 751 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France

Mother: Kunigunde (Auberge) b: ABT 775 in France

Marriage 1 Dhuoda of Gascony, Countess of Agen & Septimania b: ABT 804 in Gascony, France

Married: 29 JUN 824 in Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen, Germany 1

Children:

William b: 826 d: 849

Rosalinda (Sancha) of Toulouse b: ABT 825 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France

Aton Trencavel, Vicomte de Rouergue b: ABT 830 in Sauveterre de Rouergue, Languedoc, France

Bernard II Plantevelue Comte d'Auvergne b: 22 MAR 840/41 in Uzes, Languedoc, France

Notes [PJ]

Bernard or Bernat of Septimania was Count of Barcelona from 826 to 832 and again from 835 to 844. He was the appointed successor of the Frankish Rampó, Count of Barcelona, a leading proponent of war against the Muslims, and opposed to the interests of the local Visigothic nobility.

Bernat established his grip on power from the start by quelling a local revolt. A noble called Aissó, who was perhaps a Gothic lieutenant of the ex-count Berà, or was perhaps an Arab (Aysun) son of Sulayman al-Arabi, formerly confined in Aachen, escaped from captivity to the Hispanic March, and established himself in the region of Vic. The garrisons of the castles of the neighborhood, who had been favorable to Berà, joined Aissó in a revolt against the new count, Bernat. Only the castle of Roda de Ter, in the county of Ausona, resisted and was subsequently destroyed by Aissó, even though they were recruited by some Muslim supporters of the Frankish peace. From the central zone that he now occupied, Aissó attacked the county of Cerdagne and the region of the Vallés. The young count Bernat, not yet thirty years old, requested and received some help from the Emperor, as well as that of some noble local Goths or hispani (826).

To counter these reinforcements, Aissó sent his brother to request help from Abd al-Rahman II, the Emir of Córdoba and the only available power to successfully oppose the Franks. Abd al-Rahman sent the general Ubayd Allah, known also as Abu Marwan, who arrived in Zaragoza in May 827, and then invaded the territory of the county of Barcelona. He reached Barcelona in the summer, besieging it, but without success, and ransacking its surroundings.

The Emperor Louis I the Pious, meanwhile, learning of the Muslim raid, ordered his son Pepin I, king in Aquitaine and the counts Hugo of Tours and Matfred of Orleans to recruit an army against the Muslims, but recruitment was slow. By the time the army arrived, Abu Marwan had already returned to Muslim territory, together with Aissó and his followers (827). Aissó was probably sheltered in Córdoba, where afterwards, suspected of conspiracy, he was murdered by order of the Emir.

The reprieve, seen as a victory, greatly increased Bernat's prestige. Though the ravaged county of Ausona, a dependency of Barcelona, remained depopulated into the mid-9th century, its ruin was attributed to the late arrival of Hugo of Tours and Matfred of Orleans. Both counts were dispossessed of their counties in the Assembly of Aachen (828): Orléans was granted to Eudes, father of Bernat and Bernat's brother Gaucelm received the fiefs of Conflent and Rasez. As the count Leibulf of Narbonne had expired in the spring of 828, his vast dominions were assigned to Bernat: Narbonne, Beziers, Agde, Melgueil, Nimes and probably Uzes. Because of his possessions, he was known as Bernat, Duke of [[Septimania\\ (or simply Bernat of Septimania).

In the Assembly of Ingelheim June 828, a reprisal raid to Cordoban territory was considered, but though an army was gathered in Thionville, it did not arrive to enter the domains of Bernat upon disappearing the Muslim threat, whose leaders were seeming have resigned to a new assault.

In August 829 the Emperor sent his son Lothar to Pavia, with the title of King of Italy. To replace him at court, Louis summoned Bernat of Septimania, with the title of camerarius, having the custody of the child Charles (one day to become Charles the Bald). Bernat delegated the government of his counties to his brother Gaucelm, who therefupon was called "marquis".

After only a few months at court, Bernat had made many enemies and was rumoured to be carrying on an illicit relationship with Louis' Empress, Judith of Bavaria. These rumors provoked a riot in the army gathered at Rennes to combat the Bretons in April 830. Threatened seriously, since the three greater children of Louis were supporting the opposition to him, Bernat abandoned the court and returned to his domains of Septimania and Gothia. A brother of Bernat who remained at court, Eribert, was banished.

In the struggles among the Carolingian heirs, for a time Lothar triumphed over father Louis I, but Louis recovered his power at the Assembly of Nijmegen in October 830 and, at the Assembly of Aachen in February 831, proceeded to a division of the Empire by which Gothia was assigned to Charles the Bald, though the division would not be effective until the death of Louis the Pious. Bernat attempted to regain favour with Judith and Charles, but these, after the previous events, avoided renewing relations with the marquis. At the Assembly of Thionville, October 831, Bernat succeeded in speaking personally with the Emperor, but could not recover his previous position at court. As a result, Bernat switched his loyalties.

In November 831, Pepin of Aquitaine revolted against his father. His counselor Berenguer, count of Toulouse from 814 and counselor of Pepin from 816, advised him against revolt, but Bernat of Septimania urged him to it. In early 832 Louis the Pious began the campaign against his rebellious son. Berenguer, loyal to the Emperor, invaded the domains of Bernat and was given some of them, with safety of Roussillon (with Vallespir), probably also Rasez and Conflent. By February 2, 832 Berenguer already was in Elna. Finally in autumn of the same year, successive victories of the imperial forces compelled Pepin and Bernat to appear before the Emperor (October). Pepin was dispossessed of his kingdom and sent as prisoner to Trier, having conceded his territories to his brother Charles. Bernat was accused of infidelity and dismissed of all his possessions in Septimania and Gothia, which were delivered to Berenguer of Toulouse.

Probably Gaucelm was also dispossessed of his counties, but for a time he preserved the county of Empúries, ignoring his dismissal. Finally in the year 833, by the mediation of Angenís the abbot of Fontanelle, he resigned and departed toward properties of the family in Burgundy, together with his staunch lieutenant Sanila. Gaucelm and Sanila were executed by have defended Chalon-sur-Saône against the assault of Lothar in 834 (even it was murdered a nun, Gerberga, sister of Gaucelm and Bernat). In this last war, where Lothar was defeated, Bernat and Gaucelm fought once again on the side of Pepin of Aquitaine, one of those which finally left victorious. Bernat of Septimania, alleging the high price of blood paid in the struggle, claimed the return of his old domains. Berenguer was in possession of them legally, however, and his party also left winning of the struggle, though weakened. The Emperor hesitated in his action; in June 835 he summoned to Bernat and Berenguer to an Assembly in Cremieux, near Lyon, where he would deliver a decision, but on the way Berenguer died unexpectedly. Freed of obstacles, the Emperor returned Berenguer's counties of Septimania, Gothia and Toulouse once again to Bernat. The only territories lacking in recreating his former possessions were Empúries and Roussillon, which had already been passed to the counts Sunyer I of Empúries and Alaric, and Urgell and Cerdagne, which had been separated from Toulouse by the usurper Aznar I Galíndez and to expel him had been assigned to Sunifred brother of the count Oliba of Carcasonne.

Bernat returned to acting without taking into special account the desires of the population of Gothic origin that before had supported first Berà and then Berenguer. Ten of complaint were presented against him in the Assembly of Quierzy-sur-Oise in September 838. From 841 was often absent participating in the struggles of the Empire, and the counties were administered by their respective viscounts.

At the battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye (June 25, 841) Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeated their brother Lothar, who however retreated to the south with his army. Bernat stayed in the surroundings of the battlefield, awaiting its result, and upon finishing, sending to his son Guillem to offer homage to Charles the Bald, and to promise him that his father would obtain the submission of Pippin II of Aquitania (something that he had no intention of accomplishing). During the campaign of Charles the Bald in Aquitania of the year 842, he decided to punish Bernat, dispossessing him of the county of Toulouse in favor of the count Acfred (July 842), but Bernat refused to accept the decision and revolted, openly allying himself to Pepin II, and expelling Acfred from Toulouse (843). The count (ducem) Guerín of Provence, who in 842 directed the campaign in Aquitania, happened to combat in Septimania. Various external facts (the Norman invasion, the Breton revolt) compelled a cease to the civil struggles, and in August 843 was signed the Treaty of Verdun that distributed the Empire, leaving Septimania and Gothia in the lot of Charles the Bald, save the county of Uzès, where Bernat possessed patrimonial goods; Uzès was assigned to Lothar. Furthermore the county of Autun, claimed by Guillem, son of Bernat, was entrusted to Guerín, rival of Bernat.

In 844 Charles the Bald returned to Aquitania with the objective of submitting to Pippin II and to conquer Toulouse. It seems that in a lucky blow, Bernat of Septimania was captured by the imperial forces, perhaps during the assault on Toulouse. A French historian, Pierre Andoque, maintains that Bernat was captured before the year 843 by the duke Guerín in Uzès, and that in 844 he was carried before Charles during his travel to Aquitania. One way or the other, in May 844 Bernat was presented to Charles, who ordered his execution.

The following month, Pepin II and Guillem, son of Bernat, dealt a severe rout to Charles in Angoumois June 14, 844, and thus the followers of Bernat were not totally eliminated. Wikipedia - Bernat of Septimania

Notes [JW]

Count of Autun, Margrave of Septimania, Chamberlain of Louis "the Pious".

Sources:

Title: Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.medieval, at groups - google.com

Page: Alan B Wilson, 12 Jun 1998

Title: The Plantagenet Ancestry, by William Henry Turton, 1968

Page: 10
--------------------
Mr. Mr. Bernard of The Franks-78314 [Parents] was born about 774. He died about 821. He married Mrs. Mrs. Bernard-75997.

Other marriages:

Bernard, Mrs.

Mrs. Mrs. Bernard-75997.Mrs. married Mr. Mr. Bernard of The Franks-78314.

They had the following children:

F i Thietrade Franks-79217.

Filiation proposée par AUR, absente chez JMG

_P_CCINFO 1-20792

_P_CCINFO 1-20792

Bernard or Bernat of Septimania (795 - 844), son of William of Gellone, was the Frankish Duke of Septimania and Count of Barcelona from 826 to 832 and again from 835 to his execution. He was appointed to succeed his fellow Frank Rampon. During his career, he was one of the closest counsellors of the Emperor Louis the Pious, a leading proponent of the war against the Moors, and opponent of the interests of the local Visigothic nobility.

Title

Bernard's lands at their height in area.Bernard was indisputably a count (comes) of Barcelona and several other counties over the course of his long career. He was also appears in the chronicles with the title duke (dux), though the extent to which this was a military designation is obscure.[1] He is sometimes retrospectively referred to by historians as a margrave (marchio). Here are his name and title as they appear in several primary sources:

Barnhardus comes Barcinonensis[2] ("Bernard, Count of Barcelona")
duce Bernhardo[3] ("Duke Bernard")
præfatus Bernardus[4] ("Prefect Bernard")
Bernhardum Barcenonensium ducem[5] ("Bernard, Duke of Barcelona")
Bernardus comes marcæ Hispanicæ[4] ("Bernard, Count of the Hispanic March")
Bernardo comiti Tolosano[6] ("Bernard, Count of Toulouse")

Count of Barcelona
Bernard is first attested in historical records as one of four sons in a document of his father's dating to 14 December 804 dealing with the foundation of the monastery of Gellone.[7]

Bernard must have inherited land in the area around Toulouse from which he expanded his power to become count around 826. He first attracted the attention of higher-ups by quelling the local revolt of a nobleman named Aisso, who was perhaps a Gothic lieutenant of the deposed Bera, Count of Barcelona.[8] The garrisons of the castles in the area, who had been favorable to Bera, joined Aisso in a revolt against the new count. Only the castle of Roda de Ter, in the county of Ausona, resisted and was subsequently destroyed by Aisso. From his newly-occupied territory, Aisso attacked the county of Cerdanya and the region of the Vallès. The young count Bernard requested and received some help from the Emperor, as well as that of some local hispani (probably Gothic noblemen). To counter these reinforcements, Aiss sent his brother to request help from Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba, the only potential ally powerful enough to threaten the Franks. Abd ar-Rahman sent the general Ubayd Allah Abu Marwan to Zaragoza in May 827, from whence he invaded the territory of Barcelona, reaching the city itself in the summer. He besieged it and ransacked its environs, but failed to take it.

When the Emperor learned of these raids, he ordered his second son, Pepin, then King of Aquitaine, and the counts Hugh of Tours and Matfrid of Orléans to recruite an army against the Muslims, but recruitment was slow. By the time the army arrived, Abu Marwan had already returned to Muslim territory, taking Aisso and his followers with him (late 827).

This reprieve, seen as a victory, greatly increased Bernard's prestige. Though the ravaged county of Ausona, a dependency of Barcelona, remained depopulated into the mid-ninth century, its ruin was attributed to the late arrival of Hugh and Matfird. Both counts were dispossessed of their counties at the Assembly of Aachen in 828. At that assembly, Orléans was granted to Odo and Bernard's brother Gaucelm received the fiefs of Conflent and Rasez. As Leibulf of Provence had died in the spring, his vast dominions - Narbonne, Béziers, Agde, Melgueil, Nîmes, and probably Uzès - were assigned to Bernard. From this wide collection of honores in Septimania, Bernard took the title "Duke of Septimania". In another assembly, at Ingelheim in June, a reprisal raid into Cordoban territory was considered, but although an army was gathered in Thionville, it did not enter the lands controlled by Bernard as the risk of Muslim raiding seemed to have declined.

Court career
In August 829, the Emperor sent his son Lothair to Pavia to wear the Iron Crown. Louis summoned Bernard to replace his son at court, with granting him the title of camerarius or Chamberlain and the custody of the young Charles, then just Duke of Alsace, Alemannia, and Rhaetia, but later destined to be King of West Francia. Bernard delegated the government of his counties to his brother Gaucelm, who thereupon took the title marchio or margrave.

After only a few months at court, Bernard had made many enemies. Indeed, he was the prime catalyst for the revolt of Lothair the following year.[9] Thegan of Trier, in his Gesta Hludowici, recorded that he was accused of having an illicit relationship with Empress, Judith of Bavaria, but considered these rumours to be lies. Nevertheless, these rumours provoked a riot in the army gathered at Rennes to fight the Bretons in April 830. His life under threat, as the three elder children of Louis supported the opposition against him, Bernard abandoned the court and, according to the Annales Bertiniani, returned to Barcelona. His brother, Eribert, who had remained at court, was banished. Bernard was deprived of the county of Autun which he had sometime before been granted.

At an assembly in Nijmegen in October 830, the Emperor recovered his authority after a brief civil war with his sons. Subsequently in another assembly, at Aachen in February 831, he proceeded to a divide the Empire, giving Gothia to Charles, although the division would not be effective until his death. Bernard attempted to regain favour with Judith and Charles, but they avoided renewing relations with the him after his fall from grace. At the Assembly of Thionville, October 831, Bernard spoke personally with the Emperor, but could not regain his previous position at court. In response, Bernard reversed his previous loyalties and side with the Emperor's enemies.

Civil war of 831-832
In November 831, Pepin of Aquitaine revolted against his father. While Berengar the Wise, Count of Toulouse, advised him against such a course of action, Bernard encouraged it. In early 832, Louis the Pious began the campaign against his rebellious son. Berengar, loyal to the Emperor, invaded the Bernard's honores and took Roussillon (with Vallespir) and probably also Rasez and Conflent. By 2 February, Berenguer was already in Elna.

Finally in the autumn, the successive victories of the imperial forces compelled Pepin and Bernard to appear before the Emperor in October. Pepin was dispossessed of his kingdom and sent as prisoner to Trier, having ceded all his territories to his half-brother Charles. Bernard was accused of infidelity and dismissed from all his offices and dispossessed of all his honores in Septimania and Gothia, which were given to Berengar. His brother Gaucelm was probably also dispossessed, but for a time he remained in possession of the County of Empúries, ignoring his dismissal.

Civil war of 833-834
In 833, however, Lothair revolted. Pepin, with Bernard and Gaucelm, remained loyal to Louis and, after defeating Lothair's forces, and returning the emperor to power on 1 March 834, Bernard requested the return of his honores, citing the loss of men he had sustained for the emperor's cause. However, Berengar was still in legal possession. The Emperor hesitated over his decision, but, in June 835, he summoned Bernard and Berengar to an Assembly in Cremieux, near Lyon, where he would deliver a verdict. Berengar died unexpectedly on the way and, freed of obstacles, the Emperor gave Septimania and its counties and that of Toulouse to Bernard. The only territories not returned were Empúries and Roussillon, which had already been granted to Sunyer I and Alaric respectively, and Urgell and Cerdanya, which had been detached from Toulouse by the usurper Aznar I Galíndez. Sunifred, brother of Oliba of Carcasonne, was assigned to expel him.

Bernard returned to his domain, where the Goth population that had supported Bera and then Berengar, still opposed him. Ten complaints were presented against him at the Assembly of Quierzy-sur-Oise in September 838. From 841, he was often absent participating in the struggles of the Empire, and the counties were administered by their respective viscounts.

Reign of Charles the Bald
Bernard avoided participating in the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye (25 June 841), where Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeated their brother Lothair, who retreated to the south with his army. Bernard remained outside the battle awaiting its result, upon which he sent his son William to offer homage to Charles the Bald and to promise him that his father would obtain the submission of Pepin II, the rebellious son of Pepin, who was claiming to rule Aquitaine. It seems that Bernard had no intention of keeping this last promise.

During Charles the Bald's campaign in Aquitaine (842), he decided to punish Bernard, dispossessing him of the county of Toulouse in favor of Acfred (July). Bernard, however, refused to accept the decision and revolted, openly allying himself to Pepin II and expelling Acfred from Toulouse (843). Charles responded by sending the dux Guerin of Provence, who in 842 directed the campaign in Aquitaine, against Septimania. Various other events - renewed Viking invasions and Breton raids - compelled an end to the internal civil struggles afflicting the Empire and, in August 843, the Treaty of Verdun was signed between the three brothers, Charles, Louis, and Lothair. Septimania and Gothia were left in the hands of Charles the Bald. The county of Uzès, where Bernat still possessed estates was assigned to Lothair. Furthermore, the county of Autun, which had long been lost to Bernard, and to which his son was renewed a claim, was given to Guerin.

In 844, Charles the Bald returned to Aquitaine with the objective of forcing Pepin II to submit and conquering Toulouse. Bernard of Septimania was captured, either by the royal forces during the assault on Toulouse or, according to French historian Pierre Andoque, the year before by the Guerin in Uzès. Andoque maintains that in 844 he was merely brought before Charles during his campaign through Aquitaine. One way or the other, in May 844 Bernard was presented to Charles, who ordered his execution.

The following month, Pepin II and Bernard's son William dealt a severe blow to Charles in the Angoumois on 14 June. Bernard's honores were given to Sunifred, who had been tasked previously with subduing Aznar in the Aragon.

Bernard married Dhuoda, (Dhuoda Sanchez) possible daughter of Sancho I of Gascony, (Sancho Loupez) on 29 June 824 in Aachen. By her he had two sons, the aforementioend William and another named Bernard Plantapilosa.

Notes
^ Archibald R. Lewis, "The Dukes in the Regnum Francorum, A.D. 550-751" Speculum 51.3 (July 1976), pp. 381-410 offers some disambiguation of these Frankish titles.
^ Gesta quorundam regum Francorum, p. 360.
^ Thegan, p 597.
^ a b Annales Bertiniani.
^ Gesta quorundam regum Francorum, pp 361 and 362.
^ Flodoard, p 338.
^ Thomassy, p 179. There are two extant versions of this charter and one is dated to 15 December and does not mention Bernard.
^ Others hypothesise that the name "Aisso" is a corruption of the Arabic Aysun, which was the name of the son of Sulayman al-Arabi, formerly imprisoned in Aachen, but who had escaped from captivity to the Hispanic March and established himself in the region of Vic.
^ Hummer, p 161.

Sources
Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718-1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.
Thomassy, R. "Critique des deux chartes de foundation de l'abbaye de Saint-Guillem-du-Désert," Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes, Series 1, Volume II (Paris, 1840-1844).
Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 - 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005.
Flodoard. Historia Remensis Ecclesiæ'. III, XXVI, MGH SS XXXVI.
Thegan of Trier. Gesta Hludowici. 36, MGH SS II, p. 597.
Annales Xantenses. MGH SS II, p. 227.
Gesta quorundam regum Francorum. MGH SS I.

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