Ярослав I 'Мудрий' I "Yaroslav the Wis..." Владимирович I (± 978-1054) » Stamboom Homs

Persoonlijke gegevens Ярослав I 'Мудрий' I "Yaroslav the Wis..." Владимирович I

Bronnen 1, 2, 3, 4

Alternatieve namen: Nickname: Мудрый / Wise, The Wise, Yaroslav I "the Wise" Rurik
Roepnaam is Yaroslav the Wis....
Hij is geboren rond 978 in Киев / Kiev, Киевская Земля (within Present Ukraine), Киевская Русь / Kievan, Russian FederationКиев / Kiev, Киевская Земля (within Present Ukraine).
{geni:event_description} . Född 978 i Ryssland.
Död 1054.
-.---------------------------------
Jaroslav "Den vise" av Kiev.
Född 978 i Ryssland.
Död 1054.
Storfurste i Kiev, Ryssland.
Hij werd gedoopt in Kiev Kiev Ukrane.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt rond 1019 in Grand Duke, of, Kiev.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt rond 1019 in Grand Duke, of, Kiev.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt rond 1019 in Grand Duke, of, Kiev.
Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 30 november 1929.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 3 maart 1931.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 3 maart 1931.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 3 maart 1931.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 3 maart 1931.
Beroepen:

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{geni:job_title} Grand Duke of Kiev (1019-1054), King of Russia
.
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{geni:job_title} Grand Duke of Kiev (1019-1054), King of Russia
in Russie.
{geni:job_title} Tzar de Russie
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{geni:job_title} Tsar over Russland
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{geni:job_title} Storfyrst av Kiev
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{geni:job_title} Konge
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{geni:job_title} Grand Duke of Kiev
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{geni:job_title} Storfurste
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{geni:job_title} Grand Duke of Kiev (1019-1054), King of Russia
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{geni:job_title} Storhertig
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{geni:job_title} Grand Duke of Kiev (1019-1054), King of Russia
.
{geni:job_title} Grand Duke of Kiev (1019-1054), King of Russia
.
{geni:job_title} Grand Duke of Kiev (1019-1054), King of Russia
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{geni:job_title} Grand Duc, de Kiev, Grand Prince
.
{geni:job_title} Grand Duke of Kiev (1019-1054), King of Russia
.
{geni:job_title} Grand Duke of Kiev (1019-1054), King of Russia
.
{geni:job_title} Furste i Nvogorod (Holmgård), Kiev (konugård)
rond 1019 in Grand Duke Jarislaus I of Kiev.
{geni:current} 0
rond 1054 .
{geni:current} 0

Woonachtig:

Russia.

Hij is overleden op 20 februari 1054 in Вышгород / Vyshgorod, Киевская Земля (within Present Ukraine), Киевская Русь / Kievan, Russian FederationВышгород / Vyshgorod, Киевская Земля (within Present Ukraine).
{geni:event_description} . Född 978 i Ryssland.
Död 1054.
-.---------------------------------
Jaroslav "Den vise" av Kiev.
Född 978 i Ryssland.
Död 1054.
Storfurste i Kiev, Ryssland.
Hij is begraven op 20 februari 1054 in Собор Святой Софии / St. Sophia CathedralКиев / Kiev, Киевская Земля (within Present Ukraine), Киевская Русь / Kievan Rus.
Een kind van Saint Vladimir I "Velikiy" "the Great" of Russia Sviatoslavich en Rogneda / Рогнеда Полоцкая / of Polotsk of Sweden
Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 28 februari 2012.

Gezin van Ярослав I 'Мудрий' I "Yaroslav the Wis..." Владимирович I

Hij heeft/had een relatie met Ingegerd "Anna of Novgorod" "Heliga Anna av Novgorod" Olofsdotter.

Kind(eren):

Володимѣръ I Ярославич ± 1036-1052
Анна Агнесса Ярославна ± 1032-1089
Izyaslav Yaroslavich князь князь ± 1025-1078
Анастасія / Anastasia / Agmunda riurikova Kiev ± 1023-± 1074
Всеволод Ярославич Киевский ± 1030-1093

Notities over Ярослав I 'Мудрий' I "Yaroslav the Wis..." Владимирович I

(Research):Yaroslav I Encyclopædia Britannica Article born 980 died Feb. 2, 1054 byname Yaroslav The Wise, Russian Yaroslav Mudry grand prince of Kiev from 1019 to 1054. A son of the grand prince Vladimir, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father's death in 1015. Then his eldest surviving brother, Svyatopolk the Accursed, killed three of his other brothers and seized power in Kiev. Yaroslav, with the active support of the Novgorodians and the help of Varangian (Viking) mercenaries, defeated Svyatopolk and became the grand prince of Kiev in 1019. Yaroslav began consolidating the Kievan state through both cultural and administrative improvements and through military campaigns. He promoted the spread of Christianity in the Kievan state, gathered a large collection of books, and employed many scribes to translate Greek religious texts into the Slavic language. He founded churches and monasteries and issued statutes regulating the legal position of the Christian Church and the rights of the clergy. With the help of Byzantine architects and craftsmen, Yaroslav fortified and beautified Kiev along Byzantine lines. He built the majestic Cathedral of St. Sophia and the famous Golden Gate of the Kievan fortress. Under Yaroslav the codification of legal customs and princely enactments was begun, and this work served as the basis for a law code called the Russkaya Pravda ("Russian Justice"). Yaroslav pursued an active foreign policy, and his forces won several notable military victories. He regained Galicia from the Poles, decisively defeated the nomadic Pechenegs on the Kievan state's southern frontier, and expanded Kievan possessions in the Baltic region, suppressing the Lithuanians, Estonians, and Finnish tribes. His military campaign against Constantinople in 1043 was a failure, however. Trade with the East and West played an important role in Kievan Rus in the 11th century, and Yaroslav maintained diplomatic relations with the European states. His daughters Elizabeth, Anna, and Anastasia were married respectively to Harald III of Norway, Henry I of France, and Andrew I of Hungary. In his testament, Yaroslav sought to prevent a power struggle among his five sons by dividing his empire among them and enjoining the younger four sons to obey the eldest, Izyaslav, who was to succeed his father as grand prince of Kiev. This advice had no lasting effect, and civil war ensued after Yaroslav's death.

Weis, p. 57: Grand Prince of Kiev - half-brother to Dobroniega, wife of Casimir I of Poland.

Name Suffix: Of Russia, Grand Prince of Kiev

Storfyrste. Født ca. 988. Død 20.02.1054 i Vyshorod.
Jaroslav var storfyrste av Novgorod og Kiev fra 1019 og enehersker over hele Russland fra 1036.
Sønnene til Jaroslav og hans hustru Ingegjerd ble stamfedre til ulike grener av den russiske storfyrsteslekten. En av disse ble det første tsarhuset, dette døde ut i 1598. Deres døtre ble gift med kongene Harald Hardråde av Norge, Andreas I av Ungarn og Henrik I av Frankrike. Den sistnevnte ble stamfar for alle senere franske konger.

Fyrste av Novgorod ca. 1010 - 1019.
Storfyrste av Kijev [Kiev] 1019 - 1054.
Yaroslavs far ble av sin far, Vladimir I, utsett til å herske over Novgorod, men han ble
storfyrste av Kijev etter å ha beseiret sin eldre bror, Sviatopolk, som hadde etterfulgt Vladimir
I. Yaroslav ble enehersker over hele Russland fra 1036.
Fyrst Yaroslavs regjeringstid (1019-54) hører til de mest strålende og beste perioder i
middelalderens Russland, og fyrsten fikk alt mens han levde, tilnavnet ?den Vise?. Tålmodig
arbeidet han for rikets indre stabilisering og for å styrke dets stilling utad. I begynnelsen gikk
han med på å overlate områdene øst for Dnepr til sin yngre bror, men etter at broren var død i
1034, fikk han områdene tilbake og innlemmet dem i sitt rike. I nord utvidet han Novgorods
herredømme til den østlige delen av Estland, der byen Jurjev eller Tartu ble grunnlagt omkring
1030. I vest fortsatte striden om grenseområdene med Polen, som mistet størstedelen av
Galizia, og i sør gikk Yaroslav til en avgjørende kamp mot petsjenegerne. Etter gjentatte forsøk
lyktes det ham å tilintetgjøre denne nomadestammen så ettertrykkelig at den fra året 1035 er
ute av Russlands historie. I 1043 foretok Yaroslav også Russlands siste krigstog mot Bysants,
nærmest for å hevne mordene på russiske kjøpmenn i Konstantinopel. Angrepet ble slått
tilbake, men foretagenet ble avsluttet med en respektabel fred.
Mest gjennomgripende var likevel Yaroslavs virksomhet på den åndelige og materielle kulturs
område. Han støttet særlig kirken, og styrket dermed dens stilling. I hans regjeringstid ble de
første klostrene i Kijev grunnlagt. Det mest ansette av dem, Grotteklosteret, ble sentrum for
krønikelitteraturen. Etter Konstantinopels forbilde lot Yaroslav bygge en Hagla Sofia-kirke i
begge sine hovedsteder. Kirken i Kijev ble ferdig i 1037 og den i Novgorod i 1050. Begge
hører til de vakreste byggverk i Europa fra tidlig middelalder, og begge er bevart inn i vår tid -
katedralen i Kijev riktignok under en barokkhvelving.
Yaroslav støttet også misjonsarbeidet og den kristne undervisningen. Ifølge Nestorkrøniken ga
han i 1037 ordre om å bygge kirker i alle byer og tettsteder og sende prester ut overalt for å
lære opp folket. Kirkens forvaltning ble gjort mer effektiv, og to nye bispedømmer ble
grunnlagt. Til innvielsen av Sofiakirken i Kijev innbød Yaroslav en mann som kom helt fra
Konstantinopel, og som med tittelen metropolitt ble leder for den russiske kirke. Han ble
etterfulgt av den russiske presten Hilarion, en lærd og dypt religiøs munk, utgiver av skrifter
som ble studert i århundrer fremover. Bysants forsynte også landet med byggmestre og
kunstnere - det sies at til og med kordirigenter skal ha kommet derfra. l tilknytning til katedralen
i Kijev ble det oppført et bibliotek, og de greske håndskriftene der ble oversatt til slavisk. Om
Yaroslav sier kronikøren at han sådde skriftens ord i de troendes hjerter.
Mest betydningsfullt fra et samfunnsmessig synspunkt var tilblivelsen av en skreven lov.
Kirkens kanoniske rett ble overtatt direkte fra Bysants, ?Kormtshaja kniga?, men prinsippene
for den verdslige rett ble utformet ved at varjagernes og slavernes tradisjoner ble knyttet
sammen innen en bysantinsk ramme. Arbeidet krevde mange års innsats i den siste del av
Yaroslavs regjeringstid, og verket ble komplettert i århundrene som fulgte. Yaroslavs
?Russkaja pravda? (Russisk rett) dannet likevel grunnlaget for jurisdiksjonen i middelalderens
Russland.
?Russkaia pravda? gjorde slutt på blodhevnen og andre rå rettsformer som skrev seg fra
hedensk tid. Isteden overtok man straffebøtene fra den germanske tradisjon. Dette gjaldt også
mord, og bestemmelsene var slik at boten var større for mord på en høytstående person enn
på et menneske av lavere rang. En del av boten gikk til fyrsten og en del til den dreptes
slektninger. Loven gir løfte om beskyttelse av liv og eiendom, men samtidig erkjenner den
klassesamfunnets eksistens og rettferdiggjør til og med slaveriet, idet slaver blir regnet som
eiendom. Handelens sentrale betydning innen næringslivet gjenspeiles i de merkantile
bestemmelsenes mangfoldighet og detaljrikdom. Her finnes alt fra kredittvilkår til straff for
uhederlige konkurser.
Yaroslavs ry spredte seg over Europa, der han fikk plass blant de fremste fyrster. Til hustru
fikk han den svenske konge Olof Skötkonungs datter Ingegjerd. Hun ble senere erklært for
helgen under navnet Anna. Sin søster giftet Yaroslav bort til den polske kongen Kasimir I, en
av døtrene sine skjenket han Norges kong Harald III Hardråde, en annen datter ble gitt til
Ungarns konge Andreas I, og den tredje, Anna, ble giftet bort til den franske kongen Henrik I.
Til kone for sin sønn Vsevolod fikk han en datter av den bysantinske keiser. Russland ble
anerkjent som en europeisk stormakt.

Som i så mange andre land ble også i Russland den store herskeren etterfulgt av en rekke
ubetydeligheter, og da et regime av denne arten bygger på fyrstens personlige evne til å styre,
følger gjerne en nedgangstid etter en glansperiode. Slik gikk det også i Russland. Yaroslav
fulgte den germanske rettstradisjonen, som var blandet opp med slaviske tradisjoner. Det var
slekten i fellesskap som satt med makten, og som en følge av det ble landet delt mellom
fyrstens sønner. Alle sønnene bevarte sin rett som tronfølgere hele sitt liv, også foran yngre
generasjoner. Den eldste fikk hovedparten og hovedstaden, og det var han som ble
storfyrste. De yngre var imidlertid så godt som selvstendige innen sine len, og de var om
nødvendig villige til å slåss for sin arverett.
Yaroslavs Russland ble delt opp i seks fyrstedømmer, og forholdet mellom dem ble preget av
stadige konflikter. Sønnene til Yaroslav og hans hustru Ingegjerd ble stamfedre til ulike grener
av den russiske storfyrsteslekten. Deres eldste sønn Isaslav ble storfyrste og fikk Kijev og
Novgorod, men på grunn av indre stridigheter som tæret på kreftene, lyktes det ham aldri å
befeste sin makt. En av grenene dannet senere det første tsarhuset som døde ut i 1598.
Deres døtre ble gift med kongene Harald Hardråde av Norge, Andreas I av Ungarn og Henrik
I av Frankrike. Den sistnevnte ble stamfar for alle senere franske konger.
Et nytt nomadefolk polovetserne eller kumanene, trengte inn fra Asia og herjet i Sør-Russland.
Handelslivet led under de urolige forholdene. l mer enn femti år var Russland preget av indre
oppløsning, til landet begynte å reise seg igjen på 1100-tallet. Kijev tapte imidlertid sin posisjon
som ledende by til andre sentra.
Den russiske samfunnsutviklingen i middelalderen ble bestemt av mange forskjellige faktorer,
som dels skrev seg fra slaviske og finskættede stammers tradisjoner, dels fra varjagerne, og
dels skyldtes påvirkningene fra Bysants. Den meget gamle skikken at de frie menn traff
beslutninger om felles anliggender på tinget, ble beholdt i Novgorod også i fyrstedømmets tid.
Viktige beslutninger, for eksempel spørsmål om krig og fred, ble truffet på torget i ?vetsje?
(samlingen), som ble kalt sammen ved at man ringte med vetsje-klokken. Taleflommen var
stor, og under avstemningene var det skrik og skrål og endog håndgemeng. Lokalt ble denne
tradisjonen bevart i landsbyene.

[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 2, Ed. 1, Tree #1241, Date of Import: May 8, 1997]

!GRAND DUKE OF KIEV

Basic Life Information

Kievan Rus achieved its greatest power and splendor under Yaroslav the Wise in the 11th century. Yaroslav made Kiev a great city and built magnificent buildings, including the notable Cathedral of Saint Sophia or Hagia Sophia of Kiev. Yaroslav did much to develop Kievan Rus education and culture. He also revised the first Russian law code, the so-called Russkaya Pravda or Russian Justice. After his death in 1054, Kievan Rus declined. Yaroslav's grandson, Vladimir II Monomachus, made the final attempt to unite Kievan Rus, but after his death in 1125 the fragmentation continued as other Kievan Rus principalities challenged Kiev's supremacy.

By the 13th century, the East Slavic lands became a loose federation of city-states, held together by common language, religion, traditions, and customs. Although ruled by members of the house of Rurik, these city-states were often at war with one another. The area became an easy target for bands of invading Asiatic Mongols.

http://www.robertsewell.ca/kiev.html

Rise to the Throne

Early years of Yaroslav's life are shrouded in mystery. He was one of the numerous sons of Vladimir the Great, presumably his second by Rogneda of Polotsk, although his actual age (as stated in the Primary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeleton in the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Vladimir. It has been suggested that he was a child begotten out of wedlock after Vladimir's divorce with Rogneda and his marriage to Anna Porphyrogeneta, or even that he was a child of Anna Porphyrogeneta herself. Yaroslav figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name of Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probably resulting from an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists who examined his relics.

In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov the Great but was transferred to Novgorod the Great, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, Yaroslav's) on the Volga. His relations with father were apparently strained, and grew only worse on the news that Vladimir bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Vladimir's death prevented a war.

During the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by his father-in-law, Duke Boleslaus I of Poland. During the course of this struggle, several other brothers (Boris and Gleb, Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpreted as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav.

Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland. But Svyatopolk returned with Polish troops furnished by his father-in-law Duke Boleslaus of Poland, seized Kiev and pushed Yaroslav back into Novgorod. In 1019, Yaroslav eventually prevailed over Svyatopolk and established his rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to regain the throne), numerous freedoms and privileges. Thus, the foundation for the Novgorod Republic was laid. The Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than other Kievan princes and the princely residence in the city, next to the marketplace (and where the veche often convened) was named the Yaroslavovo Dvorishche after him. It is thought that it was at that period that Yaroslav promulgated the first code of laws in the East Slavic lands, the Yaroslav's Justice, better known as Russkaya Pravda.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise>

Reign

Leaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throne and his postulated guilt in the murder of his brothers, Nestor and later Russian historians often represented him as a model of virtue and styled him the Wise. A less appealing side of his personality may be revealed by the fact that he imprisoned his younger brother Sudislav for life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distant realm bordered on the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened to Kiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. Thereupon Yaroslav and Mstislav divided Kievan Rus: the area stretching left from the Dnieper, with the capital at Chernihiv, was ceded to Mstislav until his death in 1036.

In his foreign policy, Yaroslav relied on the Scandinavian alliance and attempted to weaken the Byzantine influence on Kiev. In 1030 he reconquered from the Poles Red Rus, and concluded an alliance with king Casimir I the Restorer, sealed by the latter's marriage to Yaroslav's sister Maria. In another successful military raid the same year, he conquered the Estonian fortress of Tarbatu, built his own fort in that place, which went by the name of Yuriev (after St George, or Yury, Yaroslav's patron saint) and forced the surrounding province of Ugaunia to pay annual tribute.

In 1043 Yaroslav staged a naval raid against Constantinople led by his son Vladimir and general Vyshata. Although the Rus' navy was defeated, Yaroslav managed to conclude the war with a favourable treaty and prestigious marriage of his son Vsevolod to the emperor's daughter. It has been suggested that the peace was so advantageous because the Kievans had succeeded in taking a key Byzantine possession in Crimea, Chersones.

To defend his state from the Pechenegs and other nomadic tribes threatening it from the south he constructed a line of forts, composed of Yuriev, Boguslav, Kaniv, Korsun, and Pereyaslav. To celebrate his decisive victory over the Pechenegs in 1036 (who thereupon never were a threat to Kiev) he sponsored the construction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in 1037. Other celebrated monuments of his reign, such as the Golden Gates of Kiev, have since perished.

Yaroslav was a notable patron of book culture and learning. In 1051, he had a Russian monk Ilarion proclaimed the metropolitan of Kiev, thus challenging old Byzantine tradition of placing Greeks on the episcopal sees. Ilarion's discourse on Yaroslav and his father Vladimir is frequently cited as the first work of Old Russian literature

In 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of the king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that time he had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction.[citation needed]

In the Saint Sophia Cathedral, one may see a fresco representing the whole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingigerd was known in Rus), their five daughters and five sons. Yaroslav married three of his daughters to foreign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth of Kiev to Harald III of Norway (who had attained her hand by his military exploits in the Byzantine Empire); Anastasia of Kiev to the future Andrew I of Hungary, and the youngest daughter Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France and was the regent of France during their son's minority. Another daughter may have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile, heir to the throne of England and was the mother of Edgar Ætheling and St. Margaret of Scotland.

Yaroslav had one son from the first marriage (his Christian name being Ilya), and 6 sons from the second marriage. Apprehending the danger that could ensue from divisions between brothers, he exhorted them to live in peace with each other. The eldest of these, Vladimir of Novgorod, best remembered for building the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod, predeceased his father. Three other sons-Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod-reigned in Kiev one after another. The youngest children of Yaroslav were Igor of Volynia and Vyacheslav of Smolensk.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise>

Marriages and Children

Yaroslav had a son, but the name of the mother is unknown:
Elias, Prince of Novgorod

Yaroslav married 1019 to Ingeborg Olafsdottir, a daughter of Olaf Skötkonung, King of Sweden. Yaroslav and Ingeborg had the following children:
Anne of Kiev
Izyaslav I, Prince of Kiev, 1054 - 1078, deposed 1068 - 1069 and 1073 - 1076.
Svyatoslav II, Prince of Kiev, 1073 - 1076
Vsevolod I, Prince of Kiev, 1076 - 1093, deposed 1077 - 1078.
Ellisif ( or Elizabeth) of Kiev, married first in 1045 to Harald III Hardrada, King of Norway, who was slain on September 25, 1066 at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Ellisif married second in 1067 to Svend II, King of Denmark.
Valdimar ( or Holti) the Nimble, Prince of Novgorod, 1036 - 1052.
Anastasia Agmunda of Kiev, married circa 1046 to Andrew I, King of Hungary.
Viacheslav, Prince of Smolensk 1054 - 1056
Igor of Vladimir, Prince of Vladimir 1054 - 1060
Dobronega (or Maria) of Kiev, married 1038 to Casimir I, King of Poland. (? Vladimir too?)

http://www.robertsewell.ca/kiev.html

Yaroslav The Wise, Russian Yaroslav Mudrygrand prince of Kiev from 1019 to 1054.A son of the grand prince Vladimir, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father's death in 1015. Then his eldest surviving
brother, Svyatopolk the Accursed, killedthree of his other brothers and seized power in Kiev. Yaroslav, with the active support of the Novgorodians and the help of Varangian (Viking) mercenaries, defeated Svyatopolkand became the grand prince of Kiev in 1019.
Yaroslav began consolidating the Kievan state through both cultural and administrative improvements and through military campaigns. He promoted the spread of Christianity in the Kievan state, gathered a large collection of books, and employed many scribes to translate Greek religious texts into the Slavic language. He founded churches and monasteries and issued statutes regulating the legal position of the Christian Church and the rights of the clergy. With the help of Byzantine architects and craftsmen, Yaroslav fortified and beautified Kiev along Byzantine lines. He built the majestic Cathedral of St. Sophia and the famous Golden Gate of the Kievan fortress. Under Yaroslav the codification of legal customs and princely enactments was begun, and this work served as the basis for a law code called the Russkaya Pravda ("Russian Justice").
Yaroslav pursued an active foreign policy, and his forces won several notable military victories. He regained Galicia from the Poles, decisively defeated the nomadic Pechenegs on the Kievan state's southern frontier, and expanded Kievan possessions in the Baltic region, suppressing the Lithuanians, Estonians, and Finnish tribes. His militarycampaign against Constantinople in 1043 was a failure, however.
Trade with the East and West played an important role in Kievan Rus in the 11th century, and Yaroslav maintained diplomatic relations with the European states. His daughters Elizabeth, Anna, and Anastasia were married respectively to Harald III of Norway, Henry I of France, and Andrew I of Hungary.
In his testament, Yaroslav sought to prevent a power struggle among his five sons by dividing his empire among them and enjoining the younger four sons to obey the eldest,Izyaslav, who was to succeed his father as grand prince of Kiev. This advice had no lasting effect, and civil war ensued after Yaroslav's death.

Burke calls him Great Duke of Russia. Snorri Sturlasson call him
Prince of
Holmgarth and shows his children as Holti-Nimble, Vissivald,
Ellisif.

He in turn defeated and deposed brother Svyatololk and attempted to recreate
the empire of his grandfather, Svyntoslav. By 1036, he had succeeded in
making himself ruler of all Russia, with the Kievian state reaching its
greatest power. This grand Duke of Kiev revised the first Russian law code,
the Russkaya Pravda (Russian truth). His death in 1054 signaled the decline
of Kiev. See "Sons of Yaraslav".

Yaroslav I the Wise
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Yaroslav I the Wise (c. 978, Kiev -20 February 1054, Kiev) (East Slavic: ??????? ?????? ; Christian name: George; Old Norse: Jarizleifr) was thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached a zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.

Contents [hide]
1 His way to the throne
2 His reign
3 Family life and posterity
4 Sources
5 External links

[edit] His way to the throne

Early years of Yaroslav's life are enshrouded in mystery. He was one of the numerous sons of Vladimir the Great, presumably his second by Rogneda of Polotsk, although his actual age (as stated in the Primary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeleton in the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Vladimir. It has been suggested that he was a child begotten out of wedlock after Vladimir's divorce with Rogneda and his marriage to Anna Porphyrogeneta, or even that he was a child of Anna Porphyrogeneta herself. Yaroslav figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name of Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probably resulting from an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists who examined his relics.

In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov the Great but was transferred to Novgorod the Great, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, Yaroslav's) on the Volga. His relations with father were apparently strained, and grew only worse on the news that Vladimir bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Vladimir's death prevented a war.

During the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by his father-in-law, Duke Boleslaus I of Poland. During the course of this struggle, several other brothers (Boris and Gleb, Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpreted as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav.

Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland. But Svyatopolk returned with Polish troops furnished by his father-in-law Duke Boleslaus of Poland, seized Kiev and pushed Yaroslav back into Novgorod. In 1019, Yaroslav eventually prevailed over Svyatopolk and established his rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to regain the throne), numerous freedoms and privileges. Thus, the foundation for the Novgorod Republic was laid. The Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than other Kievan princes and the princely residence in the city, next to the marketplace (and where the veche often convened) was named the Yaroslavovo Dvorishche after him. It is thought that it was at that period that Yaroslav promulgated the first code of laws in the East Slavic lands, the Yaroslav's Justice, better known as Russkaya Pravda.

[edit] His reign

Yaroslav's monument in Yaroslavl depicted on Russian 1000 roubles banknote
The Ukrainian hryvnia represents Yaroslav.Leaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throne and his postulated guilt in the murder of his brothers, Nestor and later Russian historians often represented him as a model of virtue and styled him the Wise. A less appealing side of his personality may be revealed by the fact that he imprisoned his younger brother Sudislav for life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distant realm bordered on the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened to Kiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. Thereupon Yaroslav and Mstislav divided Kievan Rus: the area stretching left from the Dnieper, with the capital at Chernigiv, was ceded to Mstislav until his death in 1036.

In his foreign policy, Yaroslav relied on the Scandinavian alliance and attempted to weaken the Byzantine influence on Kiev. In 1030 he reconquered from the Poles Red Rus, and concluded an alliance with king Casimir I the Restorer, sealed by the latter's marriage to Yaroslav's sister Maria. In another successful military raid the same year, he conquered the hypothetical Estonian fortress of Tarbatu, built his own fort in that place, which went by the name of Yuriev (after St George, or Yury, Yaroslav's patron saint) and forced the surrounding province of Ugaunia to pay annual tribute.

One of many statues of Yaroslav holding the Russkaya Pravda in his hand. See another image here.In 1043 Yaroslav staged a naval raid against Constantinople led by his son Vladimir and general Vyshata. Although the Rus' navy was defeated, Yaroslav managed to conclude the war with a favourable treaty and prestigious marriage of his son Vsevolod to the emperor's daughter. It has been suggested that the peace was so advantageous because the Kievans had succeeded in taking a key Byzantine possession in Crimea, Chersones.

To defend his state from the Pechenegs and other nomadic tribes threatening it from the south he constructed a line of forts, composed of Yuriev, Boguslav, Kanev, Korsun, and Pereyaslav. To celebrate his decisive victory over the Pechenegs in 1036 (who thereupon never were a threat to Kiev) he sponsored the construction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in 1037. Other celebrated monuments of his reign, such as the Golden Gates of Kiev, have since perished.

Yaroslav was a notable patron of book culture and learning. In 1051, he had a Russian monk Ilarion proclaimed the metropolitan of Kiev, thus challenging old Byzantine tradition of placing Greeks on the episcopal sees. Ilarion's discourse on Yaroslav and his father Vladimir is frequently cited as the first work of Old Russian literature.

[edit] Family life and posterity

Yaroslav and his wife Irene are buried in the 13-domed Saint Sophia Cathedral they built in KievIn 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of the king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that time he had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction.[citation needed]

In the Saint Sophia Cathedral, one may see a fresco representing the whole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingigerd was known in Rus), their five daughters and five sons. Yaroslav married three of his daughters to foreign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth to Harald III of Norway (who had attained her hand by his military exploits in the Byzantine Empire); Anastasia to the future Andrew I of Hungary, and the youngest daughter Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France and was the regent of France during their son's minority. Another daughter may have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile, heir to the throne of England and was the mother of Edgar Ætheling and St. Margaret of Scotland.

Sarcophagus of Yaroslav the WiseYaroslav had one son from the first marriage (his Christian name being Ilya), and 6 sons from the second marriage. Apprehending the danger that could ensue from divisions between brothers, he exhorted them to live in peace with each other. The eldest of these, Vladimir of Novgorod, best remembered for building the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod, predeceased his father. Three other sons—Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod—reigned in Kiev one after another. The youngest children of Yaroslav were Igor of Volynia and Vyacheslav of Smolensk.

[edit] Sources
Martin, Janet (1995). Medieval Russia, 980-1584. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36276-8.
Nazarenko, A. V. (2001). Drevniaia Rus’ na mezhdunarodnykh putiakh: mezhdistsiplinarnye ocherki kul’turnykh, torgovykh, politicheskikh sviazei IX-XII vekov (in Russian). Moscow: Russian History Institute. ISBN 5-7859-0085-8.

[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Yaroslav I the WiseEncyclopedia of Ukraine
Yaroslav I Genealogy
Preceded by
Sviatopolk I Prince of Kiev and Novgorod Succeeded by
Iziaslav

Burke calls him Great Duke of Russia. Snorri Sturlasson call him
Prince of
Holmgarth and shows his children as Holti-Nimble, Vissivald,
Ellisif.

He in turn defeated and deposed brother Svyatololk and attempted to recreate
the empire of his grandfather, Svyntoslav. By 1036, he had succeeded in
making himself ruler of all Russia, with the Kievian state reaching its
greatest power. This grand Duke of Kiev revised the first Russian law code,
the Russkaya Pravda (Russian truth). His death in 1054 signaled the decline
of Kiev. See "Sons of Yaraslav".

Burke calls him Great Duke of Russia. Snorri Sturlasson call him
Prince of
Holmgarth and shows his children as Holti-Nimble, Vissivald,
Ellisif.

He in turn defeated and deposed brother Svyatololk and attempted to recreate
the empire of his grandfather, Svyntoslav. By 1036, he had succeeded in
making himself ruler of all Russia, with the Kievian state reaching its
greatest power. This grand Duke of Kiev revised the first Russian law code,
the Russkaya Pravda (Russian truth). His death in 1054 signaled the decline
of Kiev. See "Sons of Yaraslav".

Burke calls him Great Duke of Russia. Snorri Sturlasson call him
Prince of
Holmgarth and shows his children as Holti-Nimble, Vissivald,
Ellisif.

He in turn defeated and deposed brother Svyatololk and attempted to recreate
the empire of his grandfather, Svyntoslav. By 1036, he had succeeded in
making himself ruler of all Russia, with the Kievian state reaching its
greatest power. This grand Duke of Kiev revised the first Russian law code,
the Russkaya Pravda (Russian truth). His death in 1054 signaled the decline
of Kiev. See "Sons of Yaraslav".

["European Royal Houses"]
Wladimir?s son and successor, Yaroslav (d 1054)

[From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise]
Yaroslav I the Wise (c. 978-1054) (Russian: ???????, Christian name: Yuri, or George) was thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached a zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.

His way to the throne

Early years of Yaroslav's life are enshrouded in mystery. He was one of the numerous sons of Vladimir the Great, presumably his second by Rogneda of Polotsk, although his actual age (as stated in the Primary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeleton in the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Vladimir. It was speculated that he was a child begotten out of wedlock after Vladimir's divorce with Rogneda and his marriage to Anna Porphyrogeneta. Yaroslav figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name of Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probably result of an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists who examined his relics.

In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov the Great but was transferred to Novgorod the Great, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, Yaroslav's) on the Volga. His relations with father were apparently strained, and grew only worse on the news that Vladimir bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Vladimir's death prevented a war.

The Ukrainian hryvnia represents Yaroslav unbearded, as was the custom of Zaporozhian CossacksDuring the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by his father-in-law, Duke Boleslaus I of Poland. During the course of struggle, several other brothers (Boris and Gleb, Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpretated as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav. However, the victim's name is given there as Burizlaf, which is also a name of Boleslaus I in the Scandinavian sources. It is thus possible that the Saga tells the story of Yaroslav's struggle against Svyatopolk (whose troops were commanded by the Polish duke), and not against Boris.

Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland. But Svyatopolk returned with Polish troops furnished by his father-in-law Duke Boleslaus of Poland, seized Kiev and pushed Yaroslav back into Novgorod. In 1019, Yaroslav eventually prevailed over Svyatopolk and established his rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to regain the throne), numerous freedoms and privileges. Thus, the foundation for the Novgorod Republic was laid. The Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than other Kievan princes and named a veche square after him. It is thought that it was at that period that Yaroslav promulgated the first Russian code of laws, called Yaroslav's Justice.

== His reign ==

Russian images represent Yaroslav with a beard, as was the Muscovite customLeaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throne and his postulated guilt in the murder of brothers, Nestor and later Russian historians often represented him as a model of virtue and styled him the Wise. A less appealing side of his personality may be revealed by the fact that he imprisoned his younger brother Sudislav for life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distant realm bordered on the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened to Kiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. Thereupon Yaroslav and Mstislav divided Kievan Rus: the area stretching left from the Dnieper, with the capital at Chernigov, was ceded to Mstislav until his death in 1036.

In his foreign policy, Yaroslav relied on the Scandinavian alliance and attempted to weaken the Byzantine influence on Kiev. In 1030 he reconquered from the Poles Red Rus, and concluded an alliance with king Casimir I the Restorer, sealed by the latter's marriage to Yaroslav's sister Maria. In another successful military raid the same year, he conquered the hypothetical Estonian fortress of Tarbatu, built his own fort in that place, which went by the name of Yuriev (after St George, or Yury, Yaroslav's patron saint) and forced the surrounding province of Ugaunia to pay annual tribute (possibly until 1061).

One of many statues of Yaroslav holding the Russkaya Pravda in his hand.In 1043 Yaroslav staged a raid against Constantinople led by his son Vladimir. Although the Rus army was defeated, Yaroslav managed to conclude the war with a favourable treaty and prestigious marriage of his son Vsevolod to the emperor's daughter.

To defend his state from nomadic tribes threatening it from the south he constructed a line of fortifications near the towns of Chersones, Kanev and Pereyaslav. To celebrate his decisive victory over the Pechenegs (who thereupon never were a threat to Kiev) he sponsored the construction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in 1037. Other celebrated monuments of his reign, such as the Golden Gates of Kiev, have since perished.

Yaroslav was a notable patron of book culture and learning. In 1051, he had a Russian monk Ilarion proclaimed the metropolitan of Kiev, thus challenging old Byzantine tradition of placing Greeks on the episcopal sees. Ilarion's discourse on Yaroslav and his father Vladimir is frequently cited as the first work of Old Russian literature.

Family life and posterity

Yaroslav and his wife Irene are buried in the 13-domed Saint Sophia Cathedral they built in Kiev.In 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that time he had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction.

In the Saint Sophia Cathedral, one may see a fresco representing the whole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingigerd was known in Rus), their 5 daughters and 5 sons. Yaroslav married three of his daughters to foreign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth to Harald III of Norway (who had attained her hand by his military exploits in the Byzantine Empire); Anastasia to the future Andrew I of Hungary, and the youngest daughter Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France and was the regent of France during their son's minority. Another daughter may have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile, heir to the throne of England and was the mother of Edgar Atheling and St. Margaret of Scotland.

Sarcophagus of Yaroslav the WiseYaroslav had one son from the first marriage (his Christian name being Ilya), and 6 sons from the second marriage. Apprehending the danger that could ensue from divisions between brothers, he exhorted them to live in peace with each other. The eldest of these, Vladimir of Novgorod, best remembered for building the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod, predeceased his father. Three other sons - Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod - reigned in Kiev one after another. The youngest children of Yaroslav were Igor of Volynia and Vyacheslav of Smolensk.

Sources
Martin, Janet L.B. Medieval Russia, 980-1584 (Cambridge Medieval Textbooks)
Nazarenko A.V. Drevnyaya Rus na mezhdunarodnykh putyakh. Moscow, Russian History Institute, 2001

Yaroslav the Wise Upon the death of Vladimir in 1015, his dominions were divided among his sons, and strife immediately developed. Vladimir's eldest son, Svyatopolk, called The Accursed (reigned 1015, 1018-1019), held the supreme power and, to secure his position, murdered his brothers Boris and Gleb. Svyatopolk was, in turn, defeated and deposed by his brother Yaroslav the Wise, prince of Novgorod. Yaroslav attempted to recreate the empire of his grandfather, Svyatoslav, and by 1036 had succeeded in making himself ruler of all Russia. With him, the Kievan Rus state reached its greatest power. Yaroslav made Kiev an imperial capital with magnificent buildings, including the notable Hagia Sophia of Kiev (Cathedral of the Holy Wisdom). Schools were opened, and the grand duke revised the first Russian law code, the Russkaya Pravda (Russian Truth). To consolidate the position of his heirs, Yaroslav devised a system of precedence, grading the various principalities from the smallest to Kiev, the most powerful, so that, as a grand duke of Kiev died, each vassal below him was moved to a larger principality, ending with the throne of Kiev.

Yaroslav the Wise
Upon the death of Vladimir in 1015, his dominions were divided amonghis sons, and strife immediately developed. Vladimir's eldest son,Svyatopolk, called The Accursed (reigned 1015, 1018-1019), held thesupreme power and, to secure his position, murdered his brothers Borisand Gleb. Svyatopolk was, in turn, defeated and deposed by his brotherYaroslav the Wise, prince of Novgorod. Yaroslav attempted to recreatethe empire of his grandfather, Svyatoslav, and by 1036 had succeededin making himself ruler of all Russia. With him, the Kievan Rus statereached its greatest power. Yaroslav made Kiev an imperial capitalwith magnificent buildings, including the notable Hagia Sophia of Kiev(Cathedral of the Holy Wisdom). Schools were opened, and the grandduke revised the first Russian law code, the Russkaya Pravda (RussianTruth). To consolidate the position of his heirs, Yaroslav devised asystem of precedence, grading the various principalities from thesmallest to Kiev, the most powerful, so that, as a grand duke of Kievdied, each vassal below him was moved to a larger principality, endingwith the throne of Kiev.
Source: "Russia," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. (c)1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

[1471] WSHNGT.ASC file (Geo Washington Ahnentafel) # 8720858

DUDLE.GED Grand Duke

BIRTH: RURIK.DEC (Compuserve) (says 978)
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 978
COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots) PAGE 4

DEATH: RURIK.DEC (Compuserve)
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 20-Feb-1054
SOUR COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots) says 20-Feb-1054 PAGE 4

Name sometimes spelled Jaroslaus - Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 141; Jaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev & Novgorod - RURIK.DEC (Compuserve); Grand Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince of Kiev - COMYNI.GED (Compuserve)

MARR COMYNI.GED (Compuserve)

Burke calls him Great Duke of Russia. Snorri Sturlasson call him Prince of Holmgarth and shows his children as Holti-Nimble, Vissivald, Ellisif

http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=swedish?swedish2079 av Novgorod, Jaroslav

http://library.monterey.edu/merrill/family/dorsett6/d0018/I3535.html =HK9S-XQ birthdate given as 982, name given only as Jaroslav Morby p. 167: Grand Duke of Kiev, House of Rurik 1019-1054 Ancestral Roots p. 205>Jaroslav I,Ingeborg of Sweden Stuart p. 104, 254: NAME Jaroslav I Wladimirowwitsch, Grand Prince of Kiev, BD=978, MD

Was a man of inexhaustible energy, wide and calculating vision and a sage awareness of what was need to strengthen the kingdom of Novgorod-Kiev. He comforted and reinforced the dispossessed Olaf Haraldsson of Norway, gave refuge to Magnus Olafsson and to Harald Hardradi after his defeat at Stiklarstadir. And finally gave his daughter Elizabeth to Hardradi in marriage. Other daughters married King Andrew I of Hangary and King Henry I of France. In the 1030's after he had ground down his ancient foes, the Petchenegs, he celebrated his victory and the God who gave it by building the first Russian Cathedral, his church of Saint Sophia. He asserted his power in the northern reaches of his dominion, brought the Chud back under control and enlarged his boundaries to the west. His hold on the Dnieper trade route was now absolute; it was a time when the national coffers overflowed, and Kiev was the beneficiary. He knew his capital city must not only be strong, but lovely and adorned so he imported artists and architects to provide frescoes and mosiacs. He brought in scholars to translate necesdsary works into the Slavonic tongue, and he sought to clarify and record the laws.
(Gwyn Jones "A History of the Vikings" 1984, pg 263-266)

He was thrice prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached a zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.
Early years of Yaroslav's life are enshrouded in mystery. He was one of the numerous sons of Vladimir the Great, presumably his second by Rogneda of Polotsk, although his actual age (as stated in the Russian Primary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeleton in the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Vladimir. It was speculated that he was a child begotten out of wedlock after Vladimir's divorce with Rogneda and his marriage to Anna Porphyrogeneta. Yaroslav figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name of Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probably result of an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists who examined his relics.
In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov the Great but was transferred to Novgorod the Great, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, Yaroslav's) on the Volga. His relations with father were apparently strained, and grew only worse on the news that Vladimir bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Vladimir's death prevented a war.
During the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by his father-in-law, king Boleslaus I of Poland. During the course of struggle, several other brothers (Boris and Gleb, Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpretated as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav. However, the victim's name is given there as Burizlaf, which is also a name of Boleslaus I in the Scandinavian sources. It is thus possible that the Saga tells the story of Yaroslav's struggle against Svyatopolk (whose troops were commanded by the Polish king), and not against Boris.
Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland. But Svyatopolk returned with Polish troops furnished by his father-in-law King Boleslaus of Poland, seized Kiev and pushed Yaroslav back into Novgorod. In 1019, Yaroslav eventually prevailed over Svyatopolk and established his rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to regain the throne), numerous freedoms and privilegies. Thus, the foundation for the Novgorod Republic was laid. The Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than other Kievan princes and named a veche square after him. It is thought that it was at that period that Yaroslav promulgated the first Russian code of laws, called Yaroslav's Justice.
In 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that time he had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction.
In the Saint Sophia Cathedral, one may see a fresco representing the whole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingigerd was known in Rus), their 5 daughters and 5 sons. Yaroslav married three of his daughters to foreign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth to Harald III of Norway (who had attained her hand by his military exploits in the Byzantine Empire); Anastasia to the future Andrew I of Hungary, and the youngest daughter Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France and was the regent of France during their son's minority. Another daughter may have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile, heir to the throne of England and was the mother of Edgar Atheling and St. Margaret of Scotland.
Yaroslav had one son from the first marriage (his Christian name being Ilya), and 6 sons from the second marriage. Apprehending the danger that could ensue from divisions between brothers, he exhorted them to live in peace with each other. The eldest of these, Vladimir of Novgorod, best remembered for building the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod, predeceased his father. Three other sons - Izyaslav, Svyatoslav, and Vsevolod - reigned in Kiev one after another. The youngest children of Yaroslav were Igor of Volynia and Vyacheslav of Smolensk.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

John Sloan and Micha Jelisavic write: He was the sixth son of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich, prince of Kyiv. He married Ingigerd, daughter of Olaf, King of Sweden. His sons were Ilya (Elias), prince of Novgorod, (d 1020); Vladimir, prince of Novgorod (d 1043); Izyaslav I, prince of Kyiv (d 1107); Svyatoslav II, usurper prince of Kyiv and prince of Chernigiv (d 1076); Vsyevolod I, prince of Kyiv (d 1093); Vyacheslav, prince of Smolensk (d 1057); and Igor, prince of Vladimir-in-Volynia (d 1060).

On the death of their father, Vladimir, Svyatopolk I seized the throne and had the half-brothers, Boris, Gleb, and Vsyevelod, killed. Yaroslav was ruling in Novgorod. He marched south with a combined Novgorodian-Varangian army. See Svyatopolk I. In 1017 Svyatopolk set the Polish King, Boleslaw Khrabryi, against the Russians. On the 22nd of July, a Polish army under the command of the Polish kingreached the Bug river, then the border dividing Russian holdings from those Polish. Here they met Yaroslav and his cohorts. With a surprise attack the Poles routed the Russians and unopposed came upon Kiev. Here they captured the wife and sisters of Yaroslav, one of whom became Boleslaw's concubine. In the "Kronika Thietmara," it is recorded that the Polish bishop Rhinebern in the 1020s found himself in Rus' as a choir master for the daughter of Boleslaw who was marrying the son of Vladimir of Kiev--Svyatopolk. Page 150, Priniatiye Khristianstva Narodami Tsentral'noi I Yugo-Vostochnoi YevropyI Kreshchenie Rusi, 1988. After several campaigns Yaroslav was again and firmly ensconced on the throne of Kiev and generously rewarded to Novgorodians before he allowed them to go home.

The most important monument, (or better, a part of a monument) that dates from the reign of Yaroslav, is the Cathedral of Saint Sophia in Kiev, built in 1037 to commemorate the Russian victory over the Patzinaks (Pechenegs) in the previous year. Originally the cathedral was conceived on the Greek cross plan and built in line with Yaroslav's fondness for monumental forms, solemn dispositions and very richly decorated frescoes and mosaics. At that time the Cathedral had five aisles terminated in semicircular apses and six smaller cupolas, dominated by the seventh central large cupola over the central square. Four piers each of about 23 feet in diameter mark the square and support four arched vaults that carry the central cupola. The drum of this cupola has several (12) tall, large windows that bring light in from all sides and lavishly enlighten the frescoes and mosaics that are under the main cupola or the nearby apse, in contrast with other parts of the cathedral which are rather dark. When the Tatars invaded Kiev they spared the cathedral but when Lithuanians and Poles moved in after them, Saint Sophia was seriously damaged and an entire wall collapsed. Since then the cathedral was restored and renovated several times. Its exterior received an entirely different appearance when in the seventeenth century Metropolitan Moghila and Hetman Mazepa decided to enlarge and restore the cathedral. Two more aisles were added, making the cathedral 176 feet wide, and six more cupolas were put on. At this time the ancient hemispheric Byzantine cupolas were replaced by pear-shaped cupolas that became popular in Ukraine in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. Later several more cupolas were added and the entire outline of the edifice, regretfully, turned into a sort of Ukrainian baroque. To make the exterior of the cathedral even more exotic, in 1953-1954 Soviet authorities gilded the cupolas. On a few occasions excavations were made inside and around the cathedral by the Soviet archaeologists. According to some, the ancient walls and foundations show that the original building had many details in common with old churches built in Armenia during or before the eleventh century. These findings prompted some Soviet historians to conclude that first Russian monuments were more influenced by Armenian and Georgian masters than by the Greeks.

Chronology:
1016-1019 AD - Yaroslav organizes two campaigns with Varangian and Novgorodian troops to unseat Svyatopolk from the throne at Kyiv
1020 AD - Yaroslav's son Vladimir is born. Elias was born while Yaroslav was still at Novgorod and was placed on command at Novgorod when Yaroslav left, but died that same year.
1021 AD - Bryacheslav Izyaslavich, grandson of Vladimir I captures Novgorod and then returns to Polotsk. Yaroslav marches north and defeats Bryacheslav at the Sudomir River and frees the Novgorodian prisoners, forcing Bryacheslav to flee to Polotsk.
1022 AD - Yaroslav marches on Brest. Mstislav, ruler of Tmutorokan, attacks the Kasogians. He defeats the Kasogian ruler, Rededya, in single combat.
1023 AD - Mstislav marches north with combined Khazar, Kasogian and personal druzhina to attack Yaroslav.
1024 AD - Yaroslav is still at Novgorod when Mstislav arrives at Kyiv. The Kyivans refuse him entry so he marches on to take Chernigiv on the other side of the Dniper. The chronicler reports that in the same year magicians appeared at Suzdal and than Yaroslav had to march there to expel them before organizing a campaign to Kyiv. He follows the standard practice by sending for Varangian troops. The two armies meet at Listven. Mstislav deploys his Severians in the center of his line opposite Yaroslav's Varangians. He keeps his personal druzhina out of the fray during a night battle in the midstof a tremendous thunder storm. The result is a victory for Mstislav after which he is doubly pleased that the Severians and Varangians had taken all the casulaties while his personal troops remained unscathed. Meanwhile Yaroslav flees again to Novgorod. Mstislav proposes a peace treaty by which he will have the left bank Dniper from Chernigiv to Murom and Yaroslav will have the right bank Dniper including Novgorod. Yaroslav is warry and stays at Novgorod.
1026 AD - Yaroslav has a new army of sufficient strength to venture south and enter Kyiv. He accepts Mstislav's proposal for split domain. They manage to live in peace until Mstislav dies.
1027 AD - Yaroslav's third son, Svyatoslav, is born.
1030 AD - Yaroslav captures Bel'z. His fourth son, Vsyevolod, is born. He founds Yur'yev. There is a revolt in Poland after the death of Boleslaw the Great. Many priests and bishops are killed.
1031 AD - Yaroslav and Mstislav lead a joint campaign into Poland. They retake the Cherven towns and resettle many Poles along the southern Russian frontier.
1032 AD - Yaroslav expands Russian towns and fortified line south along the Ros River.
1033 AD - Mstislav's son, Eustathius, dies, leaving his without heir.
1036 AD - Mstislav dies while hunting and his part of Rus reverts to Yaroslav. Yaroslav goes to Novgorod and installs his son, Vladimir, at prince. This year Yaroslav has another son, Vyacheslav. Yaroslav also imprisoned his brother, Sudislav, at Pskov.
1036 AD - While Yaroslav is in Novgorod the Pecheneg again launch a major offensive to besiege Kyiv. Yaroslav sails to Kyiv. He enters the city and then sallies out toward the Pecheneg force in the field where the St Sophia cathedral is now. Yaroslav deploys his forces with Kyivans in right, Varangians in center and Novgorodians on left. The struggle lasts most of the day before the Pecheneg are routed and flee in all directions.
1037 AD - Yaroslav expands the city fortress and also the outer city walls. He builds the great St Sophia cathedral and the Church of the Annunciation over the Golden Gate, the most impressive of thethree gates in the new city wall.
1038 AD - Yaroslav attacks the Yatvingians (southern Lithuania).
1039 AD - The Church of the Blessed Virgin, (The tithe church) started by Vladimir in the inner part of the city, which was damaged in the city fire of 1017, is re-consecrated.
1040 AD - Yaroslav again attacks Lithuania. (Probably trying to open a more direct route to the Baltic via the Dvina river.
1041 AD - Yaroslav campaigns by river against the Masovians, who live along the Northern Bug and Vistula.
1042 AD - Yaroslav's son, Vladimir, attacks the Yam district (between Novgorod and the coast).
1043 AD - Yaroslav sends his son, Vladimir, to attack Byzantium with a very large naval expedition. The Byzantine emperor, Constantine IX, is surprised but eventually victorious by use of "Greek Fire". On the return voyage they attempt an attack at Varna and are again defeated.
1043 AD - Yaroslav arranges the marriage of his sister, Dobronega-Maria, to Casimir, prince of Poland. Yaroslav's son, Izyaslav, marries Casimir's sister. Casimir returns 800 prisoners captured by Boleslav.
1044 AD - Bryachislav Izyaslavich, prince of Polotsk, dies and is succeeded by his son, Vseslav.
1045 AD - Vladimir Yaroslavich founds the church of St Sophia in Novgorod, which is largely intact to the present time.
1046-7 AD - Yaroslav conquers the Mazovians and gives the region to Casimir.
1048-50 Yaroslav's wife, Ingigerd, dies.
1051 AD - Yaroslav appoints Hilarion as Metropolitan of Rus with his chair at the new cathedral of St Sophia. The Cave Monastery (Pechersky Lavra) just south of Kyiv and the Church at Berestovo were also founded during Yaroslav's reign.
1052 AD - Vladimir, Yaroslav's eldest son, dies at Novgorod.
1054 AD - Yaroslav dies at Vyshgorod and is succeeded by his eldest remaining son, Izyaslav I, who is at Novgorod at the time. The Chronicle contains Yaroslav's testament in which he urges his sons to live in peace with each other. He designates Izyaslav to be prince of Kyiv, Svyatoslav to be prince of Chernigiv, Vsyevolod to Pereyaslavl, Igor to Vladimir-in-Volynia, and Vyacheslav to Smolensk.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Yaroslav I the Wise (978?-1054) (Russian: ???????, Christian name:Yury, or George) was thrice prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting thetwo principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthyreign, Kievan Rus' reached a zenith of its cultural flowering andmilitary power.

His way to the throne
Early years of Yaroslav's life are enshrouded in mystery. He was oneof the numerous sons of Vladimir the Great, presumably his second byRogneda of Polotsk, although his actual age (as stated in the RussianPrimary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeletonin the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Vladimir.It was speculated that he was a child begotten out of wedlock afterVladimir's divorce with Rogneda and his marriage to AnnaPorphyrogeneta. Yaroslav figures prominently in the Norse Sagas underthe name of Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probablyresult of an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists whoexamined his relics.

The Ukrainian grivna represents Yaroslav unbearded, as was the customof Zaporozhian CossacksIn his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his fatherto rule the northern lands around Rostov the Great but was transferredto Novgorod the Great, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally,Yaroslav's) on the Volga and (somewhat later) Yuriev (literally,Yury's) in Estonia. His relations with father were apparentlystrained, and grew only worse on the news that Vladimir bequeathed theKievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused topay tribute to Kiev and only Vladimir's death prevented a war.

During next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war forKiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by hisfather-in-law, king Boleslaus I of Poland. During the course ofstruggle, several other brothers (Boris, Gleb, Svyatoslav) werebrutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk ofplanning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund recounts the story ofBoris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav.

In 1019, Yaroslav eventually prevailed over Svyatopolk and establishedhis rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was toconfer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to regain thethrone), numerous freedoms and privilegies. Thus, the foundation forthe Novgorod Republic was laid. The Novgorodians respected Yaroslavmore than other Kievan princes and named a veche square after him. Itis thought that it was at that period that Yaroslav promulgated thefirst Russian code of laws, called Yaroslav's Justice.

His reign
Leaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throneand his postulated guilt in the murder of brothers, Nestor and laterRussian historians often represented him as a model of virtue andstyled him the Wise. A less appealing side of his personality may berevealed by the fact that he imprisoned his younger brother Sudislavfor life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distantrealm bordered on the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened toKiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. ThereuponYaroslav and Mstislav divided Kievan Rus: the area stretching leftfrom the Dnieper, with the capital at Chernihiv, was ceded to Mstislavuntil his death in 1036.

Russian images represent Yaroslav with a beard, as was the MuscovitecustomIn his foreign policy, Yaroslav relied on the Scandinavianalliance and attempted to weaken the Byzantine influence on Kiev. In1030 he reconquered from the Poles Red Rus, and concluded an alliancewith king Casimir I the Restorer, sealed by the latter's marriage toYaroslav's sister Maria. In 1043 he staged a raid againstConstantinople led by his son Vladimir. Although the Rus army wasdefeated, Yaroslav managed to conclude the war with a favourabletreaty and prestigious marriage of his son Vsevolod to the emperor'sdaughter.

To defend his state from nomadic tribes threatening it from the southhe constructed a line of fortifications near the towns of Chersones,Kanev and Pereyaslav. To celebrate his decisive victory over thePechenegs (who thereupon disappear from history) he sponsored theconstruction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in 1037. Other celebratedmonuments of his reign, such as the Golden Gates of Kiev, have sinceperished.

Yaroslav was a notable patron of book culture and learning. In 1051,he had a Russian monk Ilarion proclaimed the metropolitan of Kiev,thus challenging old Byzantine tradition of placing Greeks on theepiscopal sees. Ilarion's discourse on Yaroslav and his fatherVladimir is frequently cited as the first work of Old Russianliterature.

Family life and posterity

Yaroslav and his wife Irene are buried in the 13-domed Saint SophiaCathedral they built in Kiev.In 1019, Yaroslav married IngegerdOlofsdotter, daughter of king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as amarriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that timehe had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction.

In the Saint Sophia Cathedral, one may see a fresco representing thewhole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingigerd was known in Rus), their 5daughters and 5 sons. Yaroslav married three of his daughters toforeign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth to HaraldIII of Norway (who had attained her hand by his military exploits inthe Byzantine Empire); Anastasia to the future Andrew I of Hungary,and the youngest daughter Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France andwas the regent of France during their son's minority. Another daughtermay have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile, heir to thethrone of England (the true identity of Edward's wife being stilldisputed).

Yaroslav had one son from the first marriage (his Christian name beingIlya), and 6 sons from the second marriage. Apprehending the dangerthat could ensue from divisions between brothers, he exhorted them tolive in peace with each other. The eldest of these, Vladimir ofNovgorod, best remembered for building the Saint Sophia Cathedral inNovgorod, predeceased his father. Three other sons - Izyaslav,Svyatoslav, and Vsevolod - reigned in Kiev one after another. Theyoungest children of Yaroslav were Igor of Volynia and Vyacheslav ofSmolensk.

John Sloan and Micha Jelisavic write: He was the sixth son of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich, prince of Kyiv. He married Ingigerd, daughter of Olaf, King of Sweden. His sons were Ilya (Elias), prince of Novgorod, (d 1020); Vladimir, prince of Novgorod (d 1043); Izyaslav I, prince of Kyiv (d 1107); Svyatoslav II, usurper prince of Kyiv and prince of Chernigiv (d 1076); Vsyevolod I, prince of Kyiv (d 1093); Vyacheslav, prince of Smolensk (d 1057); and Igor, prince of Vladimir-in-Volynia (d 1060).

On the death of their father, Vladimir, Svyatopolk I seized the throne and had the half-brothers, Boris, Gleb, and Vsyevelod, killed. Yaroslav was ruling in Novgorod. He marched south with a combined Novgorodian-Varangian army. See Svyatopolk I. In 1017 Svyatopolk set the Polish King, Boleslaw Khrabryi, against the Russians. On the 22nd of July, a Polish army under the command of the Polish kingreached the Bug river, then the border dividing Russian holdings from those Polish. Here they met Yaroslav and his cohorts. With a surprise attack the Poles routed the Russians and unopposed came upon Kiev. Here they captured the wife and sisters of Yaroslav, one of whom became Boleslaw's concubine. In the "Kronika Thietmara," it is recorded that the Polish bishop Rhinebern in the 1020s found himself in Rus' as a choir master for the daughter of Boleslaw who was marrying the son of Vladimir of Kiev--Svyatopolk. Page 150, Priniatiye Khristianstva Narodami Tsentral'noi I Yugo-Vostochnoi YevropyI Kreshchenie Rusi, 1988. After several campaigns Yaroslav was again and firmly ensconced on the throne of Kiev and generously rewarded to Novgorodians before he allowed them to go home.

The most important monument, (or better, a part of a monument) that dates from the reign of Yaroslav, is the Cathedral of Saint Sophia in Kiev, built in 1037 to commemorate the Russian victory over the Patzinaks (Pechenegs) in the previous year. Originally the cathedral was conceived on the Greek cross plan and built in line with Yaroslav's fondness for monumental forms, solemn dispositions and very richly decorated frescoes and mosaics. At that time the Cathedral had five aisles terminated in semicircular apses and six smaller cupolas, dominated by the seventh central large cupola over the central square. Four piers each of about 23 feet in diameter mark the square and support four arched vaults that carry the central cupola. The drum of this cupola has several (12) tall, large windows that bring light in from all sides and lavishly enlighten the frescoes and mosaics that are under the main cupola or the nearby apse, in contrast with other parts of the cathedral which are rather dark. When the Tatars invaded Kiev they spared the cathedral but when Lithuanians and Poles moved in after them, Saint Sophia was seriously damaged and an entire wall collapsed. Since then the cathedral was restored and renovated several times. Its exterior received an entirely different appearance when in the seventeenth century Metropolitan Moghila and Hetman Mazepa decided to enlarge and restore the cathedral. Two more aisles were added, making the cathedral 176 feet wide, and six more cupolas were put on. At this time the ancient hemispheric Byzantine cupolas were replaced by pear-shaped cupolas that became popular in Ukraine in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. Later several more cupolas were added and the entire outline of the edifice, regretfully, turned into a sort of Ukrainian baroque. To make the exterior of the cathedral even more exotic, in 1953-1954 Soviet authorities gilded the cupolas. On a few occasions excavations were made inside and around the cathedral by the Soviet archaeologists. According to some, the ancient walls and foundations show that the original building had many details in common with old churches built in Armenia during or before the eleventh century. These findings prompted some Soviet historians to conclude that first Russian monuments were more influenced by Armenian and Georgian masters than by the Greeks.

Chronology:
1016-1019 AD - Yaroslav organizes two campaigns with Varangian and Novgorodian troops to unseat Svyatopolk from the throne at Kyiv
1020 AD - Yaroslav's son Vladimir is born. Elias was born while Yaroslav was still at Novgorod and was placed on command at Novgorod when Yaroslav left, but died that same year.
1021 AD - Bryacheslav Izyaslavich, grandson of Vladimir I captures Novgorod and then returns to Polotsk. Yaroslav marches north and defeats Bryacheslav at the Sudomir River and frees the Novgorodian prisoners, forcing Bryacheslav to flee to Polotsk.
1022 AD - Yaroslav marches on Brest. Mstislav, ruler of Tmutorokan, attacks the Kasogians. He defeats the Kasogian ruler, Rededya, in single combat.
1023 AD - Mstislav marches north with combined Khazar, Kasogian and personal druzhina to attack Yaroslav.
1024 AD - Yaroslav is still at Novgorod when Mstislav arrives at Kyiv. The Kyivans refuse him entry so he marches on to take Chernigiv on the other side of the Dniper. The chronicler reports that in the same year magicians appeared at Suzdal and than Yaroslav had to march there to expel them before organizing a campaign to Kyiv. He follows the standard practice by sending for Varangian troops. The two armies meet at Listven. Mstislav deploys his Severians in the center of his line opposite Yaroslav's Varangians. He keeps his personal druzhina out of the fray during a night battle in the midstof a tremendous thunder storm. The result is a victory for Mstislav after which he is doubly pleased that the Severians and Varangians had taken all the casulaties while his personal troops remained unscathed. Meanwhile Yaroslav flees again to Novgorod. Mstislav proposes a peace treaty by which he will have the left bank Dniper from Chernigiv to Murom and Yaroslav will have the right bank Dniper including Novgorod. Yaroslav is warry and stays at Novgorod.
1026 AD - Yaroslav has a new army of sufficient strength to venture south and enter Kyiv. He accepts Mstislav's proposal for split domain. They manage to live in peace until Mstislav dies.
1027 AD - Yaroslav's third son, Svyatoslav, is born.
1030 AD - Yaroslav captures Bel'z. His fourth son, Vsyevolod, is born. He founds Yur'yev. There is a revolt in Poland after the death of Boleslaw the Great. Many priests and bishops are killed.
1031 AD - Yaroslav and Mstislav lead a joint campaign into Poland. They retake the Cherven towns and resettle many Poles along the southern Russian frontier.
1032 AD - Yaroslav expands Russian towns and fortified line south along the Ros River.
1033 AD - Mstislav's son, Eustathius, dies, leaving his without heir.
1036 AD - Mstislav dies while hunting and his part of Rus reverts to Yaroslav. Yaroslav goes to Novgorod and installs his son, Vladimir, at prince. This year Yaroslav has another son, Vyacheslav. Yaroslav also imprisoned his brother, Sudislav, at Pskov.
1036 AD - While Yaroslav is in Novgorod the Pecheneg again launch a major offensive to besiege Kyiv. Yaroslav sails to Kyiv. He enters the city and then sallies out toward the Pecheneg force in the field where the St Sophia cathedral is now. Yaroslav deploys his forces with Kyivans in right, Varangians in center and Novgorodians on left. The struggle lasts most of the day before the Pecheneg are routed and flee in all directions.
1037 AD - Yaroslav expands the city fortress and also the outer city walls. He builds the great St Sophia cathedral and the Church of the Annunciation over the Golden Gate, the most impressive of thethree gates in the new city wall.
1038 AD - Yaroslav attacks the Yatvingians (southern Lithuania).
1039 AD - The Church of the Blessed Virgin, (The tithe church) started by Vladimir in the inner part of the city, which was damaged in the city fire of 1017, is re-consecrated.
1040 AD - Yaroslav again attacks Lithuania. (Probably trying to open a more direct route to the Baltic via the Dvina river.
1041 AD - Yaroslav campaigns by river against the Masovians, who live along the Northern Bug and Vistula.
1042 AD - Yaroslav's son, Vladimir, attacks the Yam district (between Novgorod and the coast).
1043 AD - Yaroslav sends his son, Vladimir, to attack Byzantium with a very large naval expedition. The Byzantine emperor, Constantine IX, is surprised but eventually victorious by use of "Greek Fire". On the return voyage they attempt an attack at Varna and are again defeated.
1043 AD - Yaroslav arranges the marriage of his sister, Dobronega-Maria, to Casimir, prince of Poland. Yaroslav's son, Izyaslav, marries Casimir's sister. Casimir returns 800 prisoners captured by Boleslav.
1044 AD - Bryachislav Izyaslavich, prince of Polotsk, dies and is succeeded by his son, Vseslav.
1045 AD - Vladimir Yaroslavich founds the church of St Sophia in Novgorod, which is largely intact to the present time.
1046-7 AD - Yaroslav conquers the Mazovians and gives the region to Casimir.
1048-50 Yaroslav's wife, Ingigerd, dies.
1051 AD - Yaroslav appoints Hilarion as Metropolitan of Rus with his chair at the new cathedral of St Sophia. The Cave Monastery (Pechersky Lavra) just south of Kyiv and the Church at Berestovo were also founded during Yaroslav's reign.
1052 AD - Vladimir, Yaroslav's eldest son, dies at Novgorod.
1054 AD - Yaroslav dies at Vyshgorod and is succeeded by his eldest remaining son, Izyaslav I, who is at Novgorod at the time. The Chronicle contains Yaroslav's testament in which he urges his sons to live in peace with each other. He designates Izyaslav to be prince of Kyiv, Svyatoslav to be prince of Chernigiv, Vsyevolod to Pereyaslavl, Igor to Vladimir-in-Volynia, and Vyacheslav to Smolensk.

Varoslaus is also styled as 'Iaroslav I' or 'JaroslavI'. After Vladim ir's death (1015), his son Svyatopolk the Damned assassinated his brot hers (Boris and Gleb, later canonized as saints) but was defeated by a nother brother, Yaroslav, elective prince of Novgorod, who reunited al l territories under the grand duchy of Kiev and embellished his capita l with a cathedral in Byzantine style. He also founded the monastery a t Pechersk, which became a famous seat of faith and learning; he colle cted books and had them translated. Under Yaroslav the earliest docume nt of Russian law was revised under the name 'Russkaya Pravda' (the 'R ussian right', 'Russian Code'). He gave refuge to two sons of Edmund o f England who fled from Canute, to Olaf II of Norway and also to Haral d III Haardraade, who married his daughter; he gave his other daughte r to Andrew I of Hungary; his third daughter married Henry I of France . His sons married Polich, Greek and German wives. Yaroslav died in 1 054. In order to prevent feuds among his numerous descendants he intro duced an order of succession to the grand duchy of Kiev which was base d on the principal that all territory as a whole belonged to the famil y, and different parts of it were distributed among them in temporaryp ossession according to seniority and to the profitableness of the sea t of administration. (Ref: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1960, Vol. 19, p.6 92).

Additional references for Jaroslaus include:

1.) World Family Tree Vol. 29, Ed. 1, Brøderbund Software, Inc., Augus t 23, 1996, Tree #0008.

Yaroslav I
born 980
died Feb. 2, 1054

byname Yaroslav The Wise, Russian Yaroslav Mudry grand prince of Kiev from 1019 to 1054.

A son of the grand prince Vladimir, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father's death in 1015. Then his eldest surviving brother, Svyatopolk the Accursed, killed three of his other brothers and seized power in Kiev. Yaroslav, with the active support of the Novgorodians and the help of Varangian (Viking) mercenaries, defeated Svyatopolk and became the grand prince of Kiev in 1019.

Yaroslav began consolidating the Kievan state through both cultural and administrative improvements and through military campaigns. He promoted the spread of Christianity in the Kievan state, gathered a large collection of books, and employed many scribes to translate Greek religious texts into the Slavic language. He founded churches and monasteries and issued statutes regulating the legal position of the Christian Church and the rights of the clergy. With the help of Byzantine architects and craftsmen, Yaroslav fortified and beautified Kiev along Byzantine lines. He built the majestic Cathedral of St. Sophia and the famous Golden Gate of the Kievan fortress. Under Yaroslav the codification of legal customs and princely enactments was begun, and this work served as the basis for a law code called the Russkaya Pravda (“Russian Justice”).

Yaroslav pursued an active foreign policy, and his forces won several notable military victories. He regained Galicia from the Poles, decisively defeated the nomadic Pechenegs on the Kievan state's southern frontier, and expanded Kievan possessions in the Baltic region, suppressing the Lithuanians, Estonians, and Finnish tribes. His military campaign against Constantinople in 1043 was a failure, however.

Trade with the East and West played an important role in Kievan Rus in the 11th century, and Yaroslav maintained diplomatic relations with the European states. His daughters Elizabeth, Anna, and Anastasia were married respectively to Harald III of Norway, Henry I of France, and Andrew I of Hungary.

In his testament, Yaroslav sought to prevent a power struggle among his five sons by dividing his empire among them and enjoining the younger four sons to obey the eldest, Izyaslav, who was to succeed his father as grand prince of Kiev. This advice had no lasting effect, and civil war ensued after Yaroslav's death.

"Yaroslav I." Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9077846> [Accessed November 13, 2005].

John Sloan and Micha Jelisavic write: He was the sixth son of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich, prince of Kyiv. He married Ingigerd, daughter of Olaf, King of Sweden. His sons were Ilya (Elias), prince of Novgorod, (d 1020); Vladimir, prince of Novgorod (d 1043); Izyaslav I, prince of Kyiv (d 1107); Svyatoslav II, usurper prince of Kyiv and prince of Chernigiv (d 1076); Vsyevolod I, prince of Kyiv (d 1093); Vyacheslav, prince of Smolensk (d 1057); and Igor, prince of Vladimir-in-Volynia (d 1060).

On the death of their father, Vladimir, Svyatopolk I seized the throne and had the half-brothers, Boris, Gleb, and Vsyevelod, killed. Yaroslav was ruling in Novgorod. He marched south with a combined Novgorodian-Varangian army. See Svyatopolk I. In 1017 Svyatopolk set the Polish King, Boleslaw Khrabryi, against the Russians. On the 22nd of July, a Polish army under the command of the Polish kingreached the Bug river, then the border dividing Russian holdings from those Polish. Here they met Yaroslav and his cohorts. With a surprise attack the Poles routed the Russians and unopposed came upon Kiev. Here they captured the wife and sisters of Yaroslav, one of whom became Boleslaw's concubine. In the "Kronika Thietmara," it is recorded that the Polish bishop Rhinebern in the 1020s found himself in Rus' as a choir master for the daughter of Boleslaw who was marrying the son of Vladimir of Kiev--Svyatopolk. Page 150, Priniatiye Khristianstva Narodami Tsentral'noi I Yugo-Vostochnoi YevropyI Kreshchenie Rusi, 1988. After several campaigns Yaroslav was again and firmly ensconced on the throne of Kiev and generously rewarded to Novgorodians before he allowed them to go home.

The most important monument, (or better, a part of a monument) that dates from the reign of Yaroslav, is the Cathedral of Saint Sophia in Kiev, built in 1037 to commemorate the Russian victory over the Patzinaks (Pechenegs) in the previous year. Originally the cathedral was conceived on the Greek cross plan and built in line with Yaroslav's fondness for monumental forms, solemn dispositions and very richly decorated frescoes and mosaics. At that time the Cathedral had five aisles terminated in semicircular apses and six smaller cupolas, dominated by the seventh central large cupola over the central square. Four piers each of about 23 feet in diameter mark the square and support four arched vaults that carry the central cupola. The drum of this cupola has several (12) tall, large windows that bring light in from all sides and lavishly enlighten the frescoes and mosaics that are under the main cupola or the nearby apse, in contrast with other parts of the cathedral which are rather dark. When the Tatars invaded Kiev they spared the cathedral but when Lithuanians and Poles moved in after them, Saint Sophia was seriously damaged and an entire wall collapsed. Since then the cathedral was restored and renovated several times. Its exterior received an entirely different appearance when in the seventeenth century Metropolitan Moghila and Hetman Mazepa decided to enlarge and restore the cathedral. Two more aisles were added, making the cathedral 176 feet wide, and six more cupolas were put on. At this time the ancient hemispheric Byzantine cupolas were replaced by pear-shaped cupolas that became popular in Ukraine in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. Later several more cupolas were added and the entire outline of the edifice, regretfully, turned into a sort of Ukrainian baroque. To make the exterior of the cathedral even more exotic, in 1953-1954 Soviet authorities gilded the cupolas. On a few occasions excavations were made inside and around the cathedral by the Soviet archaeologists. According to some, the ancient walls and foundations show that the original building had many details in common with old churches built in Armenia during or before the eleventh century. These findings prompted some Soviet historians to conclude that first Russian monuments were more influenced by Armenian and Georgian masters than by the Greeks.

Chronology:
1016-1019 AD - Yaroslav organizes two campaigns with Varangian and Novgorodian troops to unseat Svyatopolk from the throne at Kyiv
1020 AD - Yaroslav's son Vladimir is born. Elias was born while Yaroslav was still at Novgorod and was placed on command at Novgorod when Yaroslav left, but died that same year.
1021 AD - Bryacheslav Izyaslavich, grandson of Vladimir I captures Novgorod and then returns to Polotsk. Yaroslav marches north and defeats Bryacheslav at the Sudomir River and frees the Novgorodian prisoners, forcing Bryacheslav to flee to Polotsk.
1022 AD - Yaroslav marches on Brest. Mstislav, ruler of Tmutorokan, attacks the Kasogians. He defeats the Kasogian ruler, Rededya, in single combat.
1023 AD - Mstislav marches north with combined Khazar, Kasogian and personal druzhina to attack Yaroslav.
1024 AD - Yaroslav is still at Novgorod when Mstislav arrives at Kyiv. The Kyivans refuse him entry so he marches on to take Chernigiv on the other side of the Dniper. The chronicler reports that in the same year magicians appeared at Suzdal and than Yaroslav had to march there to expel them before organizing a campaign to Kyiv. He follows the standard practice by sending for Varangian troops. The two armies meet at Listven. Mstislav deploys his Severians in the center of his line opposite Yaroslav's Varangians. He keeps his personal druzhina out of the fray during a night battle in the midstof a tremendous thunder storm. The result is a victory for Mstislav after which he is doubly pleased that the Severians and Varangians had taken all the casulaties while his personal troops remained unscathed. Meanwhile Yaroslav flees again to Novgorod. Mstislav proposes a peace treaty by which he will have the left bank Dniper from Chernigiv to Murom and Yaroslav will have the right bank Dniper including Novgorod. Yaroslav is warry and stays at Novgorod.
1026 AD - Yaroslav has a new army of sufficient strength to venture south and enter Kyiv. He accepts Mstislav's proposal for split domain. They manage to live in peace until Mstislav dies.
1027 AD - Yaroslav's third son, Svyatoslav, is born.
1030 AD - Yaroslav captures Bel'z. His fourth son, Vsyevolod, is born. He founds Yur'yev. There is a revolt in Poland after the death of Boleslaw the Great. Many priests and bishops are killed.
1031 AD - Yaroslav and Mstislav lead a joint campaign into Poland. They retake the Cherven towns and resettle many Poles along the southern Russian frontier.
1032 AD - Yaroslav expands Russian towns and fortified line south along the Ros River.
1033 AD - Mstislav's son, Eustathius, dies, leaving his without heir.
1036 AD - Mstislav dies while hunting and his part of Rus reverts to Yaroslav. Yaroslav goes to Novgorod and installs his son, Vladimir, at prince. This year Yaroslav has another son, Vyacheslav. Yaroslav also imprisoned his brother, Sudislav, at Pskov.
1036 AD - While Yaroslav is in Novgorod the Pecheneg again launch a major offensive to besiege Kyiv. Yaroslav sails to Kyiv. He enters the city and then sallies out toward the Pecheneg force in the field where the St Sophia cathedral is now. Yaroslav deploys his forces with Kyivans in right, Varangians in center and Novgorodians on left. The struggle lasts most of the day before the Pecheneg are routed and flee in all directions.
1037 AD - Yaroslav expands the city fortress and also the outer city walls. He builds the great St Sophia cathedral and the Church of the Annunciation over the Golden Gate, the most impressive of thethree gates in the new city wall.
1038 AD - Yaroslav attacks the Yatvingians (southern Lithuania).
1039 AD - The Church of the Blessed Virgin, (The tithe church) started by Vladimir in the inner part of the city, which was damaged in the city fire of 1017, is re-consecrated.
1040 AD - Yaroslav again attacks Lithuania. (Probably trying to open a more direct route to the Baltic via the Dvina river.
1041 AD - Yaroslav campaigns by river against the Masovians, who live along the Northern Bug and Vistula.
1042 AD - Yaroslav's son, Vladimir, attacks the Yam district (between Novgorod and the coast).
1043 AD - Yaroslav sends his son, Vladimir, to attack Byzantium with a very large naval expedition. The Byzantine emperor, Constantine IX, is surprised but eventually victorious by use of "Greek Fire". On the return voyage they attempt an attack at Varna and are again defeated.
1043 AD - Yaroslav arranges the marriage of his sister, Dobronega-Maria, to Casimir, prince of Poland. Yaroslav's son, Izyaslav, marries Casimir's sister. Casimir returns 800 prisoners captured by Boleslav.
1044 AD - Bryachislav Izyaslavich, prince of Polotsk, dies and is succeeded by his son, Vseslav.
1045 AD - Vladimir Yaroslavich founds the church of St Sophia in Novgorod, which is largely intact to the present time.
1046-7 AD - Yaroslav conquers the Mazovians and gives the region to Casimir.
1048-50 Yaroslav's wife, Ingigerd, dies.
1051 AD - Yaroslav appoints Hilarion as Metropolitan of Rus with his chair at the new cathedral of St Sophia. The Cave Monastery (Pechersky Lavra) just south of Kyiv and the Church at Berestovo were also founded during Yaroslav's reign.
1052 AD - Vladimir, Yaroslav's eldest son, dies at Novgorod.
1054 AD - Yaroslav dies at Vyshgorod and is succeeded by his eldest remaining son, Izyaslav I, who is at Novgorod at the time. The Chronicle contains Yaroslav's testament in which he urges his sons to live in peace with each other. He designates Izyaslav to be prince of Kyiv, Svyatoslav to be prince of Chernigiv, Vsyevolod to Pereyaslavl, Igor to Vladimir-in-Volynia, and Vyacheslav to Smolensk.

[Descent from the Battle of Hastings, Kenneth J. Hart]:

Burke calls him Great Duke of Russia. Snorri Sturlasson call himPrince of
Holmgarth and shows his children as Holti-Nimble, Vissivald, Ellisif.

Donald Lines Jacobus (1883-1970), the "Founder of Scientific
Genealogy in America" wrote an article in The American Genealogist(TAG)
9:13-15 entitled "The House of Rurik." I quote: "To correct the many
errors that have appeared in print, and to aid those who follow thepastime
of tracing "royal ancestry," the following condensed account of theearly
Rurikides is here printed. It is based in large part on "Genealogieset
Mariages Occidentaux des Rurikides Russes du Xe au XIIIe Siecle,"published
at Rome in 1927 as Vol. IX, No. 1, of *Orientalia Christiana.* Theauthor,
N. de Baumgarten, is probably the best living authority on earlyRussian
history, and every statement made on the fourteen genealogical tablesof
his monograph is fully supported by the citation of contemporarydocuments
and chronicles."

I am not attacking Jacobus, who is a giant among genealogistsand
certainly needs no defenders. Neither am I disagreeing with Alexander
Agamov, in Moscow, who has pointed out that there is no credibleevidence
that Rurik was ever "Prince of Kiev" and progenitor of the linebeginning
with Igor, Grand Prince of Kiev, who married Olga. I hope AlexanderAgamov
is reading this. Some historians and genealogists, Russians inparticular,
have taken sharp issue with the theory that the Kievan Rus wasfounded by
a "Dane" rather than a "Slav"----and the evidence for "The Varangian
Theory" seems fragmentary and inconclusive, at best.

G. Andrews Moriarty and Walter L. Sheppard in TAG 28:91-95also
quote the N. de Baumgarten material as authoritative [specifically
"Orientalia Christiana, No. 119, N. de Baumgarten, "Aux Origines de la
Russie," p. 79. Both Jacobus and Moriarty/Sheppard headline theircharts
with "Rurik (d. 879) Grand Prince of Kiev." Jacobus probably did notread
10th to 13th century Russian. But--- some of us may.

For anyone who might conceivably have access to the original,1927,
N. de Baumgarten source---is it provable that, "every statement madeon the
fourteen genealogical tables of his monograph is fully supported bythe
citation of contemporary documents and chronicles?"

Or, is it possible that Jacobus and the other experts simply
trusted in N. de Baumgarten's scholarship and professionalism---anddid not
really check out the facts themselves. The Editor of a journal, suchas
TAG, certainly cannot check out every fact and document himself. But,in
this particular case, Jacobus gives the N. de Baumgarten material his
personal imprimatur, as cited above [TAG 9:13, Paragraph 2]

So----has N. de Baumgarten in his "OrientaliaChristiana"---dealing
with "The House of Rurik"---been totally discredited by subsequentrigorous
scholarship---or does his judgment still seem credible to some serious
scholars----or are there alternate explanations?

This is an intriguing question of interest to many folks whoare
descended from Anne of Kiev (c. 1024-c.1066) [Anna Yaroslavna] whomarried
Henry I, King of France.

#Générale##Générale#Baptisé en même temps que son père sous le nom de Iouri,Georges.
Profession : Grand-Duc de Kiev de 1035 à 1054.

{geni:occupation} велик княз на Кивска Рус (1017-1018, 1019-1054), Prince of Kiev and Novgorod, Grand Prince of Kiev, and Novgorod, Grand Duke of Kiev (1019-1054), King of Russia, Duke, Grand Duc, de Kiev, Grand Prince, ruled 1017-18 and 19-54, Czar

{geni:about_me} Yaroslav I The Wise, Jarisleif the Lame, Vladimirovich Ярослав Мудрый; Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev was born circa 978 at Kiev, Russia; died February 20, 1054, Kiev, Russia.

He married Ingigerd Olafsdottir circa 1019.

_________________

Rurik DNA group:

http://www.familytreedna.com/public/rurikid/default.aspx?fixed_columns=on

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise

Yaroslav I the Wise (c. 978, Kiev -20 February 1054, Kiev) (East Slavic: Ярослав Мудрый ; Christian name: George; Old Norse: Jarizleifr) was thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached a zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.

His way to the throne

Coins of Yaroslav and his descendants represent the trident.Early years of Yaroslav's life are enshrouded in mystery. He was one of the numerous sons of Vladimir the Great, presumably his second by Rogneda of Polotsk, although his actual age (as stated in the Primary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeleton in the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Vladimir. It has been suggested that he was a child begotten out of wedlock after Vladimir's divorce with Rogneda and his marriage to Anna Porphyrogeneta, or even that he was a child of Anna Porphyrogeneta herself. Yaroslav figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name of Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probably resulting from an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists who examined his relics.

In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov the Great but was transferred to Novgorod the Great, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, Yaroslav's) on the Volga. His relations with father were apparently strained, and grew only worse on the news that Vladimir bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Vladimir's death prevented a war.

During the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by his father-in-law, Duke Boleslaus I of Poland. During the course of this struggle, several other brothers (Boris and Gleb, Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpreted as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav.

Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland. But Svyatopolk returned with Polish troops furnished by his father-in-law Duke Boleslaus of Poland, seized Kiev and pushed Yaroslav back into Novgorod. In 1019, Yaroslav eventually prevailed over Svyatopolk and established his rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to regain the throne), numerous freedoms and privileges. Thus, the foundation for the Novgorod Republic was laid. The Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than other Kievan princes and the princely residence in the city, next to the marketplace (and where the veche often convened) was named the Yaroslavovo Dvorishche after him. It is thought that it was at that period that Yaroslav promulgated the first code of laws in the East Slavic lands, the Yaroslav's Justice, better known as Russkaya Pravda.

His reign

The Ukrainian hryvnia represents Yaroslav.Leaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throne and his postulated guilt in the murder of his brothers, Nestor and later Russian historians often represented him as a model of virtue and styled him the Wise. A less appealing side of his personality may be revealed by the fact that he imprisoned his younger brother Sudislav for life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distant realm bordered on the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened to Kiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. Thereupon Yaroslav and Mstislav divided Kievan Rus: the area stretching left from the Dnieper, with the capital at Chernigiv, was ceded to Mstislav until his death in 1036.

In his foreign policy, Yaroslav relied on the Scandinavian alliance and attempted to weaken the Byzantine influence on Kiev. In 1030 he reconquered from the Poles Red Rus, and concluded an alliance with king Casimir I the Restorer, sealed by the latter's marriage to Yaroslav's sister Maria. In another successful military raid the same year, he conquered the Estonian fortress of Tarbatu, built his own fort in that place, which went by the name of Yuriev (after St George, or Yury, Yaroslav's patron saint) and forced the surrounding province of Ugaunia to pay annual tribute.

In 1043 Yaroslav staged a naval raid against Constantinople led by his son Vladimir and general Vyshata. Although the Rus' navy was defeated, Yaroslav managed to conclude the war with a favourable treaty and prestigious marriage of his son Vsevolod to the emperor's daughter. It has been suggested that the peace was so advantageous because the Kievans had succeeded in taking a key Byzantine possession in Crimea, Chersones.

To defend his state from the Pechenegs and other nomadic tribes threatening it from the south he constructed a line of forts, composed of Yuriev, Boguslav, Kaniv, Korsun, and Pereyaslav. To celebrate his decisive victory over the Pechenegs in 1036 (who thereupon never were a threat to Kiev) he sponsored the construction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in 1037. Other celebrated monuments of his reign, such as the Golden Gates of Kiev, have since perished.

Yaroslav was a notable patron of book culture and learning. In 1051, he had a Russian monk Ilarion proclaimed the metropolitan of Kiev, thus challenging old Byzantine tradition of placing Greeks on the episcopal sees. Ilarion's discourse on Yaroslav and his father Vladimir is frequently cited as the first work of Old Russian literature.

Family life and posterity

Yaroslav and his wife Irene are buried in the 13-domed Saint Sophia Cathedral they built in KievIn 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of the king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that time he had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction.

In the Saint Sophia Cathedral, one may see a fresco representing the whole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingigerd was known in Rus), their five daughters and five sons. Yaroslav married three of his daughters to foreign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth to Harald III of Norway (who had attained her hand by his military exploits in the Byzantine Empire); Anastasia of Kiev to the future Andrew I of Hungary, and the youngest daughter Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France and was the regent of France during their son's minority. Another daughter may have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile, heir to the throne of England and was the mother of Edgar Ætheling and St. Margaret of Scotland.

Sarcophagus of Yaroslav the WiseYaroslav had one son from the first marriage (his Christian name being Ilya), and 6 sons from the second marriage. Apprehending the danger that could ensue from divisions between brothers, he exhorted them to live in peace with each other. The eldest of these, Vladimir of Novgorod, best remembered for building the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod, predeceased his father. Three other sons—Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod—reigned in Kiev one after another. The youngest children of Yaroslav were Igor of Volynia and Vyacheslav of Smolensk.

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Jaroslav I (ryska: Ярослав) av Kiev, kallad Jaroslav den vise, född ca. 978, död 20 februari 1054, var storfurste av Kievriket från år 1019 till år 1054; herre till Kiev och Novgorod. Han var son till Vladimir I och Rogneda av Polotsk (andra uppgifter säger Anna av Bysans).

Efter faderns död 1015 kämpade Jaroslav länge med sina bröder om tronen, och sökte stöd i Sverige. Han erövrade med svenskars hjälp (möjligen Ingvar den vittfarne och hans ledung Ingvarståget) Kiev år 1019. Under hans styre blomstrade kulturen och den militära makten ökade markant.

Efter att ha besegrat sin äldre bror/halvbror/adopterade bror, Svjatopolk, som efterträdde fadern, blev Jaroslav storfurste i Kiev.

Gift år 1019 med Ingegerd Olofsdotter av Sverige.

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Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev (1)

M, #4482, d. 1054

Last Edited=7 Mar 2007

Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev was the son of St. Vladimir I, Grand Duke of Kiev.2 He married Ingegarde of Sweden, daughter of Olof Skötkonung, King of Sweden.3 He died in 1054.2

Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev also went by the nick-name of Jarislaus 'the Wise' (?).2 He gained the title of Grand Duke Jarislaus I of Kiev in 1019.1,2

Children of Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev and Ingegarde of Sweden

-1. Jatoslawa of Novgorod+ (4)

-2. Izyaslav I, Grand Duke of Kiev+ (2) d. 1078

-3. Svyatoslav II, Grand Duke of Kiev+ (2) d. 1076

-4. Vsevolod I, Grand Duke of Kiev+ (2) d. 1093

-5. Vyacheslav, Prince of Kiev (3) d. 1093

-6. Anastasia of Kiev+ (3)

-7. Anne of Kiev+ (1) b. c 1024, d. c 1075

Forrás / Source:

http://thepeerage.com/p449.htm#i4482

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Storfyrste Vsevolod I av Novgorod. Født 1030. Død 13.04.1093. Han var sønn av Storfyrste av Kiev, Jaroslav I den Vise av Novgorod og Ingegjerd Olavsdatter.

Vsevolod giftet seg omkring 1046 med Prinsesse Theodora Monomachus av Bysants. De fikk sønnen:

1. Storfyrste Vladimir II Monomakh av Novgorod. Født 1053. Død 19.05.1125.

Vsevolod var fyrste av Perejaslavl i 1054. Storfyrste av Kiev 1078 - 1093. Vsevolod var 2. ganger gift med Oda av Tyskland. 1)

1). N. de Baumgarten: Généalogie et Mariage occidenteaux des Rurikides Russes du Xe au XIII Siècle. Mogens Bugge: Våre forfedre, nr. 553. Bent og Vidar Billing Hansen: Rosensverdslektens forfedre, side 90.

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Ярослав Мудрый (около 980?-1054?), великий князь киевский (1019). Сын Владимира I Святославича. Изгнал Святополка I Окаянного, боролся с братом Мстиславом, разделил с ним государство (1025), в 1035 вновь объединил его. Рядом побед обезопасил южные и западные границы Руси. Установил династические связи с многими странами Европы. При нем составлена Русская правда.

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Ярослав I Владимирович Мудрый (родился в 978 г., умер в 1054 г.), сын святого Владимира и Рогнеды - один из наиболее знаменитых древнерусских князей. Еще при своей жизни произведя первый раздел земель между сыновьями, Владимир посадил Ярослава в Ростове, а потом, по смерти старшего сына Вышеслава , перевел его в Новгород, помимо старшего - Святополка Туровского , который, по свидетельству Дитмара, был тогда под гневом отца и даже в заключении. Будучи князем новгородским, Ярослав хотел порвать всякую зависимость от Киева и стал совершенно независимым государем обширной Новгородской области. Он отказался (1014) платить отцу ежегодную дань в 2000 гривен, как делали все посадники новгородские; его желание совпало и со стремлением новгородцев, которые всегда тяготились зависимостью от Южной Руси и налагаемой на них данью. Ярослав был недоволен еще тем, что отец оказывал предпочтение младшему его брату, Борису . Разгневавшись на Ярослава, Владимир готовился лично идти против него и велел уже исправлять дороги и строить мосты, но вскоре заболел и умер. Великокняжеским столом завладел старший в роде Святополк, который, опасаясь любимого киевлянами Бориса и желая сделаться единодержавным правителем всей Руси, умертвил трех братьев (Бориса, Глеба и Святослава); такая же опасность грозила и Ярославу. Между тем Ярослав поссорился с новгородцами: причиной ссоры было явное предпочтение, которое Ярослав и его жена, шведская принцесса Ингигерда (дочь шведского короля Олава Скеткокунга), оказывали наемной варяжской дружине. Варяги, пользуясь своим влиянием, возбуждали против себя население жестокостью и насилиями; дело доходило до кровавого возмездия со стороны новгородцев, а Ярослав в таких случаях обыкновенно принимал сторону наемников и однажды казнил многих граждан, заманив их к себе хитростью. Считая борьбу со Святополком неминуемой, Ярослав искал примирения с новгородцами; последние легко согласились идти с ним против брата; отказать Ярославу в помощи и вынудить своего князя к бегству - значило бы возобновить зависимые отношения к Киеву и принять оттуда посадника; кроме того, Ярослав мог вернуться из-за моря с варягами и отомстить Новгороду. Собрав тысяч 40 новгородцев и несколько тысяч варяжских наемников, которых нанял раньше для войны с отцом, Ярослав двинулся против Святополка, призвавшего себе на помощь печенегов, в злой сече одолел его под городом Любечем, вступил в Киев и занял великокняжеский стол (1016), после чего щедро наградил новгородцев и отпустил их домой. Бежавший Святополк возвратился с полками своего тестя, польского короля Болеслава Храброго, который рад был случаю вызвать смуту на Руси и ослабить ее; вместе с поляками пришли еще дружины немцев, венгров и печенегов. Сам польский король шел во главе войск. Ярослав был разбит на берегах Буга и бежал в Новгород; Болеслав отдал Киев Святополку (1017), но сам вскоре ушел из Киева, узнав о новых приготовлениях Ярослава и потеряв много поляков, убитых киевлянами за насилия. Ярослав, получив опять помощь от новгородцев, с новым большим войском разбил наголову Святополка и его союзников-печенегов, на реке Альте (1019), на том месте, где был убит Борис. Святополк бежал в Польшу и по дороге умер; Ярослав в том же году стал великим князем киевским. Только теперь, по смерти Святополка, Ярослав прочно утвердился в Киеве и, по выражению летописца, "утер пота со своею дружиною". В 1021 г. племянник Ярослава, князь Брячислав Изяславич полоцкий, объявил притязания на часть новгородских областей; получив отказ, он напал на Новгород, взял и разграбил его. Услышав о приближении Ярослава, Брячислав ушел из Новгорода со множеством пленников и заложников. Ярослав нагнал его в Псковской области, на реке Судоме, разбил его и освободил пленных новгородцев. После этой победы Ярослав заключил с Брячиславом мир, уступив ему Витебскую волость. Едва окончив эту войну, Ярослав должен был начать более трудную борьбу со своим младшим братом Мстиславом Тмутараканским , прославившимся победами над касогами. Этот воинственный князь требовал от Ярослава раздела русских земель поровну и подошел с войском к Киеву (1024). Ярослав в то время был в Новгороде и на севере, в Суздальской земле, где был голод и сильный мятеж, вызванный волхвами. В Новгороде Ярослав собрал против Мстислава большое войско и призвал наемных варягов под начальством знатного витязя Якуна Слепого (см.). Войско Ярослава встретилось с ратью Мстислава у местечка Листвена (близ Чернигова) и в жестокой сече было разбито. Ярослав снова удалился в свой верный Новгород. Мстислав послал ему сказать, что признает его старшинство и не добивается Киева. Ярослав не доверял брату и воротился, лишь собрав на севере сильную рать; тогда он заключил с братом мир у Городца (вероятно, близ Киева), по которому земля русская разделена на две части по Днепр: области по восточную сторону Днепра отошли к Мстиславу, а по западную - к Ярославу (1025). В 1035 г. Мстислав умер и Ярослав стал единовластно править русской землей ("был самовластцем", по выражению летописца). В том же году Ярослав посадил в "порубь" (темницу) брата своего, князя Судислава псковского, оклеветанного, по словам летописей, перед старшим братом. Причина гнева Ярослава на брата неизвестна; вероятно, последний изъявлял притязания на раздел выморочных волостей, переходивших целиком к Ярославу. В руках Ярослава были соединены теперь все русские области, за исключением полоцкого княжества. Кроме указанных войн, связанных с княжеским междоусобицами, Ярославу пришлось еще совершать много походов против внешних врагов; почти все его княжение наполнено войнами. В 1017 г. Ярослав успешно отразил нападение печенегов на Киев и затем боролся с ними, как с союзниками Святополка Окаянного. В 1036 г. летописи отмечают осаду Киева печенегами, в отсутствие Ярослава, отлучившегося в Новгород. Получив об этом известие, Ярослав поспешил на помощь и наголову разбил печенегов под самыми стенами Киева. После этого поражения нападения печенегов на Русь прекращаются. Известны походы Ярослава на север, против финнов. В 1030 г. Ярослав ходил на Чудь и утвердил свою власть на берегах Чудского озера; он построил здесь город и назвал его Юрьевым, в честь своего ангела (христианское имя Ярослава - Георгий или Юрий). В 1042 г. Ярослав отправил сына Владимира в поход на Ям; поход был удачен, но дружина Владимира вернулась почти без коней, вследствие падежа. Есть известие о походе русских при Ярославе к Уральскому хребту, под предводительством какого-то Улеба (1032). На западных границах Ярослав вел войны с Литвой и ятвягами, по-видимому - для прекращения их набегов, и с Польшей. В 1022 г. Ярослав ходил осаждать Брест, успешно или нет - неизвестно; в 1030 г. он взял Бельз (в севере-восточной Галиции); в следующем году с братом Мстиславом взял червенские города и привел много польских пленников, которых расселил по реке Роси в городках для защиты земель от степных кочевников. Несколько раз Ярослав ходил в Польшу на помощь королю Казимиру для усмирения восставшей Мазовии; последний поход был в 1047 г. Княжение Ярослава ознаменовалось последним враждебным столкновением Руси с греками. Один из русских купцов был убит в ссоре с греческим. Не получая удовлетворения за обиду, Ярослав послал к Византии большой флот (1043), под начальством старшего сыны Владимира Новгородского и воеводы Вышаты . Буря рассеяла русские корабли; Владимир истребил посланный для его преследования греческий флот, но Вышата был окружен и взят в плен при городе Варне. В 1046 г. был заключен мир; пленные с обеих сторон возвращены, и дружественные отношения скреплены браком любимого сына Ярослава, Всеволода , с греческой царевной. Как видно из летописей, Ярослав не оставил по себе такой завидной памяти, как его сын. По отзыву летописи, "он был хромоног, но ум у него был добрый и на рати был храбр"; при этом прибавлено еще, что он сам книги читал - замечание, свидетельствующее об его удивительной для того времени учености. Княжение Ярослава важно как эпоха высшего процветания Киевской Руси, после которого она быстро стала клониться к упадку. Значение Ярослава в русской истории основывается главным образом не на удачных войнах и внешних династических связях с Западом (см. ниже), а на его трудах по внутреннему устройству земли русской. Он много содействовал распространению христианства на Руси, развитию необходимого для этой цели просвещения и подготовке священнослужителей из русских. Ярослав основал в Киеве, на месте своей победы над печенегами, храм святой Софьи, великолепно украсив его фресками и мозаикой; построил там же монастырь святого Георгия и монастырь святой Ирины (в честь ангела своей супруги). Киевский храм святой Софьи построен в подражание цареградскому. Ярослав не щадил средств на церковное благолепие, приглашая для этого греческих мастеров. Вообще он украсил Киев многими постройками, обвел его новыми каменными стенами, устроив в них знаменитые Золотые ворота (в подражание таким же цареградским), а над ним - церковь в честь Благовещения. Ярослав прилагал немало усилий и для внутреннего благоустройства православной церкви и успешного развития христианской веры. Когда в конце его княжения надо было поставить нового митрополита, Ярослав велел собору русских епископов поставить митрополитом священника села Берестова Илариона , родом из русских, желая устранить зависимость русской духовной иерархии от Византии. Чтобы привить в народ начала христианской веры, Ярослав велел переводить книги рукописные с греческого на славянский и много сам их покупал. Все эти рукописи Ярослав положил в библиотеку построенного им Софийского собора для общего пользования. Для распространения грамоты Ярослав велел духовенству обучать детей, а в Новгороде, по позднейшим летописным данным, устроил училище на 300 мальчиков. При Ярославе приехали в Русь из Византии церковные певцы, научившие русских осьмогласному (демественному) пению. Наиболее известным остался Ярослав потомству как законодатель: ему приписывается древнейший русский памятник права - "Устав", или "Суд Ярославль", или "Русская Правда" (см.). Большинство современных ученых (Калачев , Бестужев-Рюмин , Сергеевич , Ключевский ) по весьма веским соображениям полагают, что "Правда" есть сборник действовавших тогда законов и обычаев, составленный частными лицами. Как видно из самого памятника, "Правда" составилась не при одном Ярославе, но и после него, в течение XII века (см. Русская Правда). Кроме "Правды", при Ярославе появился церковный устав, или Кормчая книга - перевод византийского Номоканона. Своей законодательной деятельностью, заботами о распространении христианства, о церковном благолепии и просвещении Ярослав так возвысился в глазах древнерусских людей, что получил прозвание Мудрого. Немалую роль в деятельности Ярослава играли и заботы о внутреннем благоустройстве земли, ее спокойствия и безопасности: он был князем-"нарядником" земли. Подобно отцу, он заселял степные пространства, строил города (Юрьев - Дерпт, Ярославль), продолжал политику предшественников по охране границ и торговых путей от кочевников и по защите интересов русской торговли в Византии. Ярослав огородил острожками южную границу Руси со степью и в 1032 г. начал ставить здесь города, поселяя в них пленных поляков. - Время Ярослава было эпохой деятельных сношений с государствами Запада. Ярослав был в родственных связях с норманнами: сам он был женат на шведской принцессе Ингигерде (в православии Ирина), а норвежский принц Гаральд Смелый получил руку его дочери Елизаветы . Некоторые сыновья Ярослава также были женаты на иностранных принцессах (Всеволод, Святослав). Принцы и знатные норманны находили приют и защиту у Ярослава (Олав Святой, Магнус Добрый, Гаральд Смелый); варяжские торговцы пользуются его особым покровительством. Сестра Ярослава Мария была замужем за Казимиром Польским, вторая дочь его Анна - за Генрихом I Французским, третья, Анастасия - за Андреем I Венгерским. Есть известия иностранных летописцев о родственных связях с английскими королями и о пребывании при дворе Ярослава двух английских принцев, искавших убежища. Столица Ярослава, Киев, западным иностранцам казалась соперником Константинополя; ее оживленность, вызванная довольно интенсивной для того времени торговой деятельностью, изумляла писателей-иностранцев XI века. Ярослав умер в Вышгороде (под Киевом), 76 лет от роду (1054), разделив землю русскую между сыновьями. Он оставил завещание, в котором предостерегал сыновей от междоусобиц и убеждал жить в тесной любви. Специальных исследований о нем не имеется.

http://www.rulex.ru/01320119.htm

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http://www.thepeerage.com/p449.htm#i4482

Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev1

M, #4482, d. 1054

Last Edited=7 Mar 2007

Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev was the son of St. Vladimir I, Grand Duke of Kiev.2 He married Ingegarde of Sweden, daughter of Olof Skötkonung, King of Sweden.3 He died in 1054.2

Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev also went by the nick-name of Jarislaus 'the Wise' (?).2 He gained the title of Grand Duke Jarislaus I of Kiev in 1019.1,2

Children of Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev and Ingegarde of Sweden

Jatoslawa of Novgorod+4

Izyaslav I, Grand Duke of Kiev+2 d. 1078

Svyatoslav II, Grand Duke of Kiev+2 d. 1076

Vsevolod I, Grand Duke of Kiev+2 d. 1093

Vyacheslav, Prince of Kiev3 d. 1093

Anastasia of Kiev+3

Anne of Kiev+1 b. c 1024, d. c 1075

Citations

[S45] Marcellus Donald R. von Redlich, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants, volume I (1941; reprint, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2002), page 63. Hereinafter cited as Pedigrees of Emperor Charlemagne, I.

[S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 167. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World.

[S262] Russia, online http://www.friesian.com/russia.htm. Hereinafter cited as Russia.

[S16] Jirí Louda and Michael MacLagan, Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, 2nd edition (London, U.K.: Little, Brown and Company, 1999), table 24. Hereinafter cited as Lines of Succession.

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http://www.thepeerage.com/p449.htm#i4482

Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev1

M, #4482, d. 1054

Last Edited=7 Mar 2007

Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev was the son of St. Vladimir I, Grand Duke of Kiev.2 He married Ingegarde of Sweden, daughter of Olof Skötkonung, King of Sweden.3 He died in 1054.2

Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev also went by the nick-name of Jarislaus 'the Wise' (?).2 He gained the title of Grand Duke Jarislaus I of Kiev in 1019.1,2

Children of Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev and Ingegarde of Sweden

Jatoslawa of Novgorod+4

Izyaslav I, Grand Duke of Kiev+2 d. 1078

Svyatoslav II, Grand Duke of Kiev+2 d. 1076

Vsevolod I, Grand Duke of Kiev+2 d. 1093

Vyacheslav, Prince of Kiev3 d. 1093

Anastasia of Kiev+3

Anne of Kiev+1 b. c 1024, d. c 1075

Citations

[S45] Marcellus Donald R. von Redlich, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants, volume I (1941; reprint, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2002), page 63. Hereinafter cited as Pedigrees of Emperor Charlemagne, I.

[S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 167. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World.

[S262] Russia, online http://www.friesian.com/russia.htm. Hereinafter cited as Russia.

[S16] Jirí Louda and Michael MacLagan, Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, 2nd edition (London, U.K.: Little, Brown and Company, 1999), table 24. Hereinafter cited as Lines of Succession.

--------------------

http://www.thepeerage.com/p449.htm#i4482

Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev1

M, #4482, d. 1054

Last Edited=7 Mar 2007

Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev was the son of St. Vladimir I, Grand Duke of Kiev.2 He married Ingegarde of Sweden, daughter of Olof Skötkonung, King of Sweden.3 He died in 1054.2

Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev also went by the nick-name of Jarislaus 'the Wise' (?).2 He gained the title of Grand Duke Jarislaus I of Kiev in 1019.1,2

Children of Jarislaus I, Grand Duke of Kiev and Ingegarde of Sweden

Jatoslawa of Novgorod+4

Izyaslav I, Grand Duke of Kiev+2 d. 1078

Svyatoslav II, Grand Duke of Kiev+2 d. 1076

Vsevolod I, Grand Duke of Kiev+2 d. 1093

Vyacheslav, Prince of Kiev3 d. 1093

Anastasia of Kiev+3

Anne of Kiev+1 b. c 1024, d. c 1075

Citations

[S45] Marcellus Donald R. von Redlich, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants, volume I (1941; reprint, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2002), page 63. Hereinafter cited as Pedigrees of Emperor Charlemagne, I.

[S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 167. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World.

[S262] Russia, online http://www.friesian.com/russia.htm. Hereinafter cited as Russia.

[S16] Jirí Louda and Michael MacLagan, Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, 2nd edition (London, U.K.: Little, Brown and Company, 1999), table 24. Hereinafter cited as Lines of Succession.

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Yaroslav I the Wise (c. 978 in Kiev - February 20, 1054 in Kiev) (East Slavic: Ярослав Мудрый; Christian name: George; Old Norse: Jarizleifr) was thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached a zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.

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Born in 978

Acceded in 1019

Died on Ferburary 20, 1054 at Kiev

Kievan Rus achieved its greatest power and splendor under Yaroslav the Wise in the 11th century. Yaroslav made Kiev a great city and built magnificent buildings, including the notable Cathedral of Saint Sophia or Hagia Sophia of Kiev. Yaroslav did much to develop Kievan Rus education and culture. He also revised the first Russian law code, the so-called Russkaya Pravda or Russian Justice. After his death in 1054, Kievan Rus declined. Yaroslav's grandson, Vladimir II Monomachus, made the final attempt to unite Kievan Rus, but after his death in 1125 the fragmentation continued as other Kievan Rus principalities challenged Kiev's supremacy.

By the 13th century, the East Slavic lands became a loose federation of city-states, held together by common language, religion, traditions, and customs. Although ruled by members of the house of Rurik, these city-states were often at war with one another. The area became an easy target for bands of invading Asiatic Mongols.

Yaroslav married 1019 to Ingeborg (Ingerid), a daughter of Olaf Skötkonung, King of Sweden.

Yaroslav and Ingeborg had the following children:

Anne of Kiev

Isiaslav I, (1025 - 1078) Prince of Kiev, married a daughter of King Mieszko of Poland.

Wsevolod I, (1030 - 1093) Prince of Kiev.

Anastasia of Kiev, married circa 1046 to Andrew I, King of Hungary.

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b. 980

d. Feb. 2, 1054

byname YAROSLAV THE WISE, Russian YAROSLAV MUDRY, grand prince of Kiev from 1019 to 1054.

A son of the grand prince Vladimir, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father's death in 1015. Then his eldest surviving brother, Svyatopolk the Accursed, killed three of his other brothers and seized power in Kiev. Yaroslav, with the active support of the Novgorodians and the help of Varangian (Viking) mercenaries, defeated Svyatopolk and became the grand prince of Kiev in 1019.

Yaroslav began consolidating the Kievan state through both cultural and administrative improvements and through military campaigns. He promoted the spread of Christianity in the Kievan state, gathered a large collection of books, and employed many scribes to translate Greek religious texts into the Slavic language. He founded churches and monasteries and issued statutes regulating the legal position of the Christian Church and the rights of the clergy. With the help of Byzantine architects and craftsmen, Yaroslav fortified and beautified Kiev along Byzantine lines. He built the majestic Cathedral of St. Sophia and the famous Golden Gate of the Kievan fortress. Under Yaroslav the codification of legal customs and princely enactments was begun, and this work served as the basis for a law code called the Russkaya Pravda ("Russian Justice").

Yaroslav pursued an active foreign policy, and his forces won several notable military victories. He regained Galicia from the Poles, decisively defeated the nomadic Pechenegs on the Kievan state's southern frontier, and expanded Kievan possessions in the Baltic region, suppressing the Lithuanians, Estonians, and Finnish tribes. His military campaign against Constantinople in 1043 was a failure, however.

Trade with the East and West played an important role in Kievan Rus in the 11th century, and Yaroslav maintained diplomatic relations with the European states. His daughters Elizabeth, Anna, and Anastasia were married respectively to Harald III of Norway, Henry I of France, and Andrew I of Hungary.

In his testament, Yaroslav sought to prevent a power struggle among his five sons by dividing his empire among them and enjoining the younger four sons to obey the eldest, Izyaslav, who was to succeed his father as grand prince of Kiev. This advice had no lasting effect, and civil war ensued after Yaroslav's death.

Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

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Yaroslav I the Wise

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Yaroslav I the Wise (c. 978, Kiev -20 February 1054, Kiev) (East Slavic: Ярослав Мудрый ; Christian name: George; Old Norse: Jarizleifr) was thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached a zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.

His way to the throne

Early years of Yaroslav's life are enshrouded in mystery. He was one of the numerous sons of Vladimir the Great, presumably his second by Rogneda of Polotsk, although his actual age (as stated in the Primary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeleton in the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Vladimir. It has been suggested that he was a child begotten out of wedlock after Vladimir's divorce with Rogneda and his marriage to Anna Porphyrogeneta, or even that he was a child of Anna Porphyrogeneta herself. Yaroslav figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name of Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probably resulting from an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists who examined his relics.

In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov the Great but was transferred to Novgorod the Great, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, Yaroslav's) on the Volga. His relations with father were apparently strained, and grew only worse on the news that Vladimir bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Vladimir's death prevented a war.

During the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by his father-in-law, Duke Boleslaus I of Poland. During the course of this struggle, several other brothers (Boris and Gleb, Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpreted as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav.

Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland. But Svyatopolk returned with Polish troops furnished by his father-in-law Duke Boleslaus of Poland, seized Kiev and pushed Yaroslav back into Novgorod. In 1019, Yaroslav eventually prevailed over Svyatopolk and established his rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to regain the throne), numerous freedoms and privileges. Thus, the foundation for the Novgorod Republic was laid. The Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than other Kievan princes and the princely residence in the city, next to the marketplace (and where the veche often convened) was named the Yaroslavovo Dvorishche after him. It is thought that it was at that period that Yaroslav promulgated the first code of laws in the East Slavic lands, the Yaroslav's Justice, better known as Russkaya Pravda.

His reign

Leaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throne and his postulated guilt in the murder of his brothers, Nestor and later Russian historians often represented him as a model of virtue and styled him the Wise. A less appealing side of his personality may be revealed by the fact that he imprisoned his younger brother Sudislav for life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distant realm bordered on the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened to Kiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. Thereupon Yaroslav and Mstislav divided Kievan Rus: the area stretching left from the Dnieper, with the capital at Chernigiv, was ceded to Mstislav until his death in 1036.

In his foreign policy, Yaroslav relied on the Scandinavian alliance and attempted to weaken the Byzantine influence on Kiev. In 1030 he reconquered from the Poles Red Rus, and concluded an alliance with king Casimir I the Restorer, sealed by the latter's marriage to Yaroslav's sister Maria. In another successful military raid the same year, he conquered the Estonian fortress of Tarbatu, built his own fort in that place, which went by the name of Yuriev (after St George, or Yury, Yaroslav's patron saint) and forced the surrounding province of Ugaunia to pay annual tribute.

In 1043 Yaroslav staged a naval raid against Constantinople led by his son Vladimir and general Vyshata. Although the Rus' navy was defeated, Yaroslav managed to conclude the war with a favourable treaty and prestigious marriage of his son Vsevolod to the emperor's daughter. It has been suggested that the peace was so advantageous because the Kievans had succeeded in taking a key Byzantine possession in Crimea, Chersones.

To defend his state from the Pechenegs and other nomadic tribes threatening it from the south he constructed a line of forts, composed of Yuriev, Boguslav, Kaniv, Korsun, and Pereyaslav. To celebrate his decisive victory over the Pechenegs in 1036 (who thereupon never were a threat to Kiev) he sponsored the construction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in 1037. Other celebrated monuments of his reign, such as the Golden Gates of Kiev, have since perished.

Yaroslav was a notable patron of book culture and learning. In 1051, he had a Russian monk Ilarion proclaimed the metropolitan of Kiev, thus challenging old Byzantine tradition of placing Greeks on the episcopal sees. Ilarion's discourse on Yaroslav and his father Vladimir is frequently cited as the first work of Old Russian literature.

Family life and posterity

In 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of the king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that time he had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction.[citation needed]

In the Saint Sophia Cathedral, one may see a fresco representing the whole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingigerd was known in Rus), their five daughters and five sons. Yaroslav married three of his daughters to foreign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth to Harald III of Norway (who had attained her hand by his military exploits in the Byzantine Empire); Anastasia of Kiev to the future Andrew I of Hungary, and the youngest daughter Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France and was the regent of France during their son's minority. Another daughter may have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile, heir to the throne of England and was the mother of Edgar Ætheling and St. Margaret of Scotland.

Yaroslav had one son from the first marriage (his Christian name being Ilya), and 6 sons from the second marriage. Apprehending the danger that could ensue from divisions between brothers, he exhorted them to live in peace with each other. The eldest of these, Vladimir of Novgorod, best remembered for building the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod, predeceased his father. Three other sons—Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod—reigned in Kiev one after another. The youngest children of Yaroslav were Igor of Volynia and Vyacheslav of Smolensk.

[edit]Sources

Martin, Janet (1995). Medieval Russia, 980-1584. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36276-8.

Nazarenko, A. V. (2001). Drevniaia Rus’ na mezhdunarodnykh putiakh: mezhdistsiplinarnye ocherki kul’turnykh, torgovykh, politicheskikh sviazei IX-XII vekov (in Russian). Moscow: Russian History Institute. ISBN 5-7859-0085-8.

--------------------

Yaroslav I the Wise (East Slavic: Ярослав Мудрый; Old Norse: Jarizleifr, c. 978 - February 20, 1054) was thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached the zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.

Contents [hide]

1 Rise to the throne

2 Reign

3 Family life and posterity

4 Legacy

5 See also

6 Sources

7 External links

[edit] Rise to the throne

Coins of Yaroslav and his descendants represent the trident.

Forensic facial reconstructionThe early years of Yaroslav's life are shrouded in mystery. He was one of the numerous sons of Volodymyr the Great, presumably his second by Rogneda of Polotsk, although his actual age (as stated in the Primary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeleton in the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Volodymyr. It has been suggested that he was a child begotten out of wedlock after Volodymyr's divorce from Rogneda and marriage to Anna Porphyrogeneta, or even that he was a child of Anna Porphyrogeneta herself. Yaroslav figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name of Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probably resulting from an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists who examined his remains.

In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov but was transferred to Novgorod, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, "Yaroslav's") on the Volga. His relations with father were apparently strained, and grew only worse on the news that Volodymyr bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Volodymyr's death prevented a war.

During the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by his father-in-law, Duke Bolesław I Chrobry of Poland. During the course of this struggle, several other brothers (Boris, Gleb, and Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpreted as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav.

Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland. But Svyatopolk returned with Polish troops furnished by his father-in-law, seized Kiev and pushed Yaroslav back into Novgorod. Yaroslav at last prevailed over Svyatopolk, and in 1019 firmly established his rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to gain the Kievan throne), numerous freedoms and privileges. Thus, the foundation of the Novgorodian republic was laid. For their part, the Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than they did other Kievan princes; and the princely residence in their city, next to the marketplace (and where the veche often convened) was named Yaroslavovo Dvorishche ("Yaroslav's Court") after him. It probably was during this period that Yaroslav promulgated the first code of laws in the East Slavic lands, "Yaroslav's Justice" (now better known as Russkaya Pravda, "Russian Truth").

[edit] Reign

Yaroslav's monument in Yaroslavl depicted on Russian 1000 roubles banknote

The Ukrainian hryvnia represents Yaroslav.

Eleventh-century fresco of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev representing the daughters of Yaroslav I, with Anna probably being the youngest. Other daughters were Anastasia, wife of Andrew I of Hungary; Elizabeth, wife of Harald III of Norway; and Agatha, wife of Edward the Exile.Leaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throne and his postulated guilt in the murder of his brothers, Nestor the Chronicler and later Russian historians often presented him as a model of virtue, styling him "the Wise". A less appealing side of his personality is revealed by his having imprisoned his younger brother Sudislav for life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distant realm bordered the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened to Kiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. Yaroslav and Mstislav then divided Kievan Rus between them: the area stretching left from the Dnieper, with the capital at Chernihiv, was ceded to Mstislav until his death in 1036.

In his foreign policy, Yaroslav relied on the Scandinavian alliance and attempted to weaken the Byzantine influence on Kiev. In 1030, he reconquered Red Rus from the Poles and concluded an alliance with King Casimir I of Poland, sealed by the latter's marriage to Yaroslav's sister Maria. In another successful military raid the same year, he founded Yuriev (named after Saint George, or "Yury", Yaroslav's patron saint) and forced the surrounding province of Ugaunia to pay annual tribute.

One of many statues of Yaroslav holding the "Russkaya Pravda" in his hand. See another image here.In 1043, Yaroslav staged a naval raid against Constantinople led by his son Vladimir and general Vyshata. Although the Rus' navy was defeated, Yaroslav managed to conclude the war with a favourable treaty and prestigious marriage of his son Vsevolod to the emperor's daughter. It has been suggested that the peace was so advantageous because the Kievans had succeeded in taking a key Byzantine possession in Crimea, Chersones.

To defend his state from the Pechenegs and other nomadic tribes threatening it from the south he constructed a line of forts, composed of Yuriev, Boguslav, Kaniv, Korsun, and Pereyaslav. To celebrate his decisive victory over the Pechenegs in 1036 (who thereupon never were a threat to Kiev) he sponsored the construction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in 1037. Other celebrated monuments of his reign, such as the Golden Gates of Kiev, have since perished.

Yaroslav was a notable patron of book culture and learning. In 1051, he had a Russian monk Ilarion proclaimed the metropolitan of Kiev, thus challenging old Byzantine tradition of placing Greeks on the episcopal sees. Ilarion's discourse on Yaroslav and his father Vladimir is frequently cited as the first work of Old Russian literature.

[edit] Family life and posterity

In 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of the king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that time he had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction.[citation needed]

The Saint Sophia Cathedral houses a fresco representing the whole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingegerd was known in Rus), their five daughters and five sons. Yaroslav had three of his daughters married to foreign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth of Kiev to Harald III of Norway (who had attained her hand by his military exploits in the Byzantine Empire); Anastasia of Kiev to the future Andrew I of Hungary, and the youngest daughter Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France and was the regent of France during their son's minority. Another daughter may have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile, heir to the throne of England and was the mother of Edgar Ætheling and St. Margaret of Scotland.

Sarcophagus of Yaroslav the Wise.Yaroslav had one son from the first marriage (his Christian name being Ilya (?-1020)), and 6 sons from the second marriage. Apprehending the danger that could ensue from divisions between brothers, he exhorted them to live in peace with each other. The eldest of these, Vladimir of Novgorod, best remembered for building the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod, predeceased his father. Three other sons—Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod—reigned in Kiev one after another. The youngest children of Yaroslav were Igor (1036-1060) of Volyn and Vyacheslav (1036-1057) of Smolensk.

[edit] Legacy

Four different towns in four different countries were found by and named after Yaroslav: Jaroslaw (in today's Poland), Yaroslavl (in today's Russia), Yuryev (now Tartu, Estonia) and another Yuryev (now Bila Tserkva, Ukraine). "Yuriy" was a Christian name of Prince Yaroslav. Also, derived from the Russian custom of naming military objects such as tanks & planes after historic characters, The helmet worn by many russian soldiers during the Crimean War was called the "Helmet of Yaroslav Mudry". It was the first pointed helmet to be used by any army, even before any German armies wore pointed helmets.

[edit] See also

List of Ukrainian rulers

List of rulers of the Kievan Rus

List of Russian rulers

[edit] Sources

Martin, Janet (1995). Medieval Russia, 980-1584. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36276-8.

Nazarenko, A. V. (2001) (in Russian). Drevniaia Rus’ na mezhdunarodnykh putiakh: mezhdistsiplinarnye ocherki kul’turnykh, torgovykh, politicheskikh sviazei IX-XII vekov. Moscow: Russian History Institute. ISBN 5-7859-0085-8.

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yaroslav I the Wise

Encyclopedia of Ukraine

Yaroslav I Genealogy

Preceded by

Sviatopolk I Prince of Kiev and Novgorod Succeeded by

Iziaslav

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise"

Categories: Rulers of Kievan Rus | History of Russia | History of Ukraine | Russian leaders | Ukrainian leaders | Rurik Dynasty | 970s births | 1054 deaths | Burials at Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kiev | 11th-century Russian princes | Orthodox monarchs

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Yaroslav I the Wise (c. 978 in Kiev - February 20, 1054 in Kiev) ( Christian name: George; Old Norse: Jarizleifr) was thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached a zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.

--------------------

From Wikipeida:

Yaroslav I the Wise (East Slavic: Ярослав Мудрый; Old Norse: Jarizleifr, c. 988 - February 20, 1054) was thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Rus' reached the zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.

In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov but was transferred to Novgorod, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, "Yaroslav's") on the Volga. His relations with father were apparently strained, and grew only worse on the news that Volodymyr bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Volodymyr's death prevented a war.

During the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by his father-in-law, Duke Bolesław I Chrobry of Poland. During the course of this struggle, several other brothers (Boris, Gleb, and Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpreted as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav.

Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland. But Svyatopolk returned with Polish troops furnished by his father-in-law, seized Kiev and pushed Yaroslav back into Novgorod. Yaroslav at last prevailed over Svyatopolk, and in 1019 firmly established his rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to gain the Kievan throne), numerous freedoms and privileges. Thus, the foundation of the Novgorodian republic was laid. For their part, the Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than they did other Kievan princes; and the princely residence in their city, next to the marketplace (and where the veche often convened) was named Yaroslavovo Dvorishche ("Yaroslav's Court") after him. It probably was during this period that Yaroslav promulgated the first code of laws in the East Slavic lands, "Yaroslav's Justice" (now better known as Russkaya Pravda, "Russian Truth").

Leaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throne and his postulated guilt in the murder of his brothers, Nestor the Chronicler and later Russian historians often presented him as a model of virtue, styling him "the Wise". A less appealing side of his personality is revealed by his having imprisoned his younger brother Sudislav for life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distant realm bordered the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened to Kiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. Yaroslav and Mstislav then divided Kievan Rus between them: the area stretching left from the Dnieper, with the capital at Chernihiv, was ceded to Mstislav until his death in 1036.

In his foreign policy, Yaroslav relied on the Scandinavian alliance and attempted to weaken the Byzantine influence on Kiev. In 1030, he reconquered Red Rus from the Poles and concluded an alliance with King Casimir I of Poland, sealed by the latter's marriage to Yaroslav's sister Maria. In another successful military raid the same year, he founded Yuriev (named after Saint George, or "Yury", Yaroslav's patron saint) and forced the surrounding province of Ugaunia to pay annual tribute.

In 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of the king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that time he had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction.

The Saint Sophia Cathedral houses a fresco representing the whole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingegerd was known in Rus), their five daughters and five sons. Yaroslav had three of his daughters married to foreign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth of Kiev to Harald III of Norway (who had attained her hand by his military exploits in the Byzantine Empire); Anastasia of Kiev to the future Andrew I of Hungary, and the youngest daughter Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France and was the regent of France during their son's minority. Another daughter may have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile, heir to the throne of England and was the mother of Edgar Ætheling and St. Margaret of Scotland.

Yaroslav had one son from the first marriage (his Christian name being Ilya (?-1020)), and 6 sons from the second marriage. Apprehending the danger that could ensue from divisions between brothers, he exhorted them to live in peace with each other. The eldest of these, Vladimir of Novgorod, best remembered for building the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod, predeceased his father. Three other sons—Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod—reigned in Kiev one after another. The youngest children of Yaroslav were Igor (1036-1060) of Volyn and Vyacheslav (1036-1057) of Smolensk.

--------------------

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise

Yaroslav I the Wise (East Slavic: ??????? ??????; Old Norse: Jarizleifr, c. 978 - February 20, 1054) was thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached the zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.

Rise to the throne

Coins of Yaroslav and his descendants represent the trident.

Forensic facial reconstruction

The early years of Yaroslav's life are shrouded in mystery. He was one of the numerous sons of Volodymyr the Great, presumably his second by Rogneda of Polotsk, although his actual age (as stated in the Primary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeleton in the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Volodymyr. It has been suggested that he was a child begotten out of wedlock after Volodymyr's divorce from Rogneda and marriage to Anna Porphyrogeneta, or even that he was a child of Anna Porphyrogeneta herself. Yaroslav figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name of Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probably resulting from an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists who examined his remains.

In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov but was transferred to Novgorod, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, "Yaroslav's") on the Volga. His relations with father were apparently strained, and grew only worse on the news that Volodymyr bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Volodymyr's death prevented a war.

During the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by his father-in-law, Duke Boles?aw I Chrobry of Poland. During the course of this struggle, several other brothers (Boris, Gleb, and Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpreted as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav.

Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland. But Svyatopolk returned with Polish troops furnished by his father-in-law, seized Kiev and pushed Yaroslav back into Novgorod. Yaroslav at last prevailed over Svyatopolk, and in 1019 firmly established his rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to gain the Kievan throne), numerous freedoms and privileges. Thus, the foundation of the Novgorodian republic was laid. For their part, the Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than they did other Kievan princes; and the princely residence in their city, next to the marketplace (and where the veche often convened) was named Yaroslavovo Dvorishche ("Yaroslav's Court") after him. It probably was during this period that Yaroslav promulgated the first code of laws in the East Slavic lands, "Yaroslav's Justice" (now better known as Russkaya Pravda, "Russian Truth").

Reign

Yaroslav's monument in Yaroslavl depicted on Russian 1000 roubles banknote

The Ukrainian hryvnia represents Yaroslav.

Eleventh-century fresco of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev representing the daughters of Yaroslav I, with Anna probably being the youngest. Other daughters were Anastasia, wife of Andrew I of Hungary; Elizabeth, wife of Harald III of Norway; and Agatha, wife of Edward the Exile.

Leaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throne and his postulated guilt in the murder of his brothers, Nestor the Chronicler and later Russian historians often presented him as a model of virtue, styling him "the Wise". A less appealing side of his personality is revealed by his having imprisoned his younger brother Sudislav for life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distant realm bordered the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened to Kiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. Yaroslav and Mstislav then divided Kievan Rus between them: the area stretching left from the Dnieper, with the capital at Chernihiv, was ceded to Mstislav until his death in 1036.

In his foreign policy, Yaroslav relied on the Scandinavian alliance and attempted to weaken the Byzantine influence on Kiev. In 1030, he reconquered Red Rus from the Poles and concluded an alliance with King Casimir I of Poland, sealed by the latter's marriage to Yaroslav's sister Maria. In another successful military raid the same year, he founded Yuriev (named after Saint George, or "Yury", Yaroslav's patron saint) and forced the surrounding province of Ugaunia to pay annual tribute.

One of many statues of Yaroslav holding the "Russkaya Pravda" in his hand. See another image here.

In 1043, Yaroslav staged a naval raid against Constantinople led by his son Vladimir and general Vyshata. Although the Rus' navy was defeated, Yaroslav managed to conclude the war with a favourable treaty and prestigious marriage of his son Vsevolod to the emperor's daughter. It has been suggested that the peace was so advantageous because the Kievans had succeeded in taking a key Byzantine possession in Crimea, Chersones.

To defend his state from the Pechenegs and other nomadic tribes threatening it from the south he constructed a line of forts, composed of Yuriev, Boguslav, Kaniv, Korsun, and Pereyaslav. To celebrate his decisive victory over the Pechenegs in 1036 (who thereupon never were a threat to Kiev) he sponsored the construction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in 1037. Other celebrated monuments of his reign, such as the Golden Gates of Kiev, have since perished.

Yaroslav was a notable patron of book culture and learning. In 1051, he had a Russian monk Ilarion proclaimed the metropolitan of Kiev, thus challenging old Byzantine tradition of placing Greeks on the episcopal sees. Ilarion's discourse on Yaroslav and his father Vladimir is frequently cited as the first work of Old Russian literature.

Family life and posterity

In 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of the king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that time he had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction.[citation needed]

The Saint Sophia Cathedral houses a fresco representing the whole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingegerd was known in Rus), their five daughters and five sons. Yaroslav had three of his daughters married to foreign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth of Kiev to Harald III of Norway (who had attained her hand by his military exploits in the Byzantine Empire); Anastasia of Kiev to the future Andrew I of Hungary, and the youngest daughter Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France and was the regent of France during their son's minority. Another daughter may have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile, heir to the throne of England and was the mother of Edgar Ætheling and St. Margaret of Scotland.

Sarcophagus of Yaroslav the Wise.

Yaroslav had one son from the first marriage (his Christian name being Ilya (?-1020)), and 6 sons from the second marriage. Apprehending the danger that could ensue from divisions between brothers, he exhorted them to live in peace with each other. The eldest of these, Vladimir of Novgorod, best remembered for building the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod, predeceased his father. Three other sons—Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod—reigned in Kiev one after another. The youngest children of Yaroslav were Igor (1036-1060) of Volyn and Vyacheslav (1036-1057) of Smolensk.

Legacy

Four different towns in four different countries were found by and named after Yaroslav: Jaroslaw (in today's Poland), Yaroslavl (in today's Russia), Yuryev (now Tartu, Estonia) and another Yuryev (now Bila Tserkva, Ukraine). "Yuriy" was a Christian name of Prince Yaroslav. Also, derived from the Russian custom of naming military objects such as tanks & planes after historic characters, The helmet worn by many russian soldiers during the Crimean War was called the "Helmet of Yaroslav Mudry". It was the first pointed helmet to be used by any army, even before any German armies wore pointed helmets.

--------------------

Jaroslav I av Kiev, kallad Jaroslav den vise, född ca. 978, död 20 februari 1054, var storfurste av Kievriket från år 1019 till år 1054; herre till Kiev och Novgorod. Han var son till Vladimir I och Rogneda av Polotsk (andra uppgifter säger Anna av Bysans).

Efter faderns död 1015 kämpade Jaroslav länge med sina bröder om tronen, och sökte stöd i Sverige. Han erövrade med svenskars hjälp (möjligen Ingvar den vittfarne och hans ledung Ingvarståget) Kiev år 1019. Under hans styre blomstrade kulturen och den militära makten ökade markant.

Efter att ha besegrat sin äldre bror/halvbror/adopterade bror, Svjatopolk, som efterträdde fadern, blev Jaroslav storfurste i Kiev.

Gift år 1019 med Ingegerd Olofsdotter av Sverige.

Barn:

Iziaslav I, storhertig av Kiev

Vsevolod av Kiev

Svjatoslav av Kiev

Elisabet av Kiev gift med Harald Hårdråde av Norge.

Ilja av Kiev

Anna av Kiev gift med Henrik I av Frankrike (- 1060)

Vladimir av Kiev

Igor av Kiev

Vjatjeslav av Kiev

Anastasia av Kiev gift med Andreas I av Ungern.

Företrädare:

Svjatopolk Regenter av Kievriket

1019–1054 Efterträdare:

Izjaslav I av Kiev

Den här artikeln är hämtad från http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_I

Kategorier: Kievriket | Avlidna 1054

Begravd: Sofiakyrkan, Kiev, Ukraina, Ryssland 1)

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Familj med Ingegerd 'heliga Anna av Novgorod' Olofsdotter (1001 - 1050)

Vigsel: 1019 1)

Barn:

Maria av Kiev (1015 - 1087)

Anna Jaroslavna av Kiev (1024 - 1075)

Vsevolod I av Kiev (1030 - 1093)

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Noteringar

Jaroslav i Novogorod slutar år 1014 att betala tribut till sin far Vladimir. År 1015 kallar han till sig varjager och fadern Vladimir dör samma år. Mellan åren 1016 och 1019 är det krig mellan Jaroslav och hans bror Svjatopolk; Jaroslav segrar slutligen med hjälp av varjager. År 1019 äktar han Olof Skötkonungs dotter Ingegerd. Jaroslav får år 1024 hjälp av varjaghövdingen Håkon 'den fagra' mot sin bror Mstislav, men besegras. År 1026 blir det fred mellan Jaroslav och Mstislav, riket delas längs Dnepr. Brodern Mstislav dör år 1036 och Jaroslav blir ensam härskare i Rus. Han kristnade stora delar av sitt rike och lät utarbeta Rysslands första lagsamling 'Pravda'. Deres döttrar blev gifta med kungarna Harald 'Hårdråde' av Norge, Andreas I av Ungern och Henrik I av Frankrike. Den sistnämnde blev stamfader för alla franska kungar.

Källor: Mats G. Larsson och Bra Böcker

Väringar (på ryska varjager) kallades nordiska krigare som under vikingatid och tidig medeltid tog tjänst som legosoldater i den bysantinske kejsarens livvakt. De var samtidigt ungefär 500 till antalet och ryktbara för tapperhet och trohet mot sin herre. Efter normandernas erövring av England vid 1000-talets mitt ersattes de nordiska soldaterna successivt av anglosaxiska. Källa: Bra Böcker

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Källor

1) Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, Hull, England

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Jaroslav "den vise", ca 978–1054, storfurste i Kiev (1019–54), son till Vladimir I "den store".

Efter dennes död 1015 kämpade Jaroslav länge med sina bröder om tronen, och sökte stöd i Sverige. Han erövrade med vikingars hjälp Kiev 1019. Efter att ha besegrat sin äldre bror, Sviatopolk, som efterträdde fadern, blev Jaroslav storfurste i Kiev.

Jaroslav var en skicklig statsman, som konsoliderade makten och inflytandet över Kievs Rus. Han återerövrade delar av dåvarande Polen från polackerna, som hade fått landsdelen av Sviatopolk för sitt stöd till denne. Jaroslav. Efter att ha besegrat uppror från Litauen och Finland 1036, erkändes han som härskare över största delen av Ryssland.

År 1043 organiserade han det sista ryska fälttåget mot Konstantinopel.

Jaroslav uppmuntrade utbildning, stiftade lagar och byggde storartade byggnader och kyrkor. År 1039 grundlade han patriarkatet i Kiev.

Sju söner och tre döttrar är kända från Jaroslavs och Ingegerds äktenskap. Sönerna hette Ilja, Vladimir, Zjaslav, Svjatoslav, Vsevolod, Igor och Vjatjeslav.

Jaroslav och Ingegerd (hennes ryska namn var Irina), stod i nära kontakt med de stora dynastierna i Europa genom sina döttrars giftemål: av döttrarna blev en, Elisabet, gift med alla tiders kanske största norska viking, Harald III "hårdråde", en gammal vapenbroder till Jaroslav, en andra dotter, Anastasia, gifte sig med Ungerns blivande kung Andreas I.

Den tredje dottern, Anna, gifte sig med Henrik I av Frankrike, en av de första i den så kallade kapetingska ätten. När Anna kom från Kiev till Frankrike väckte hon sensation genom sin bildning, hon kunde nämligen läsa och skriva, det kunde inte de andra kvinnorna vid det franska hovet.

Ättlingar till kapetingerna regerar än i dag i Europa. Kung Juan Carlos i Spanien är, om man räknar på detta sätt, en av Jaroslav och Ingegerds sentida ättlingar liksom storfursten Jean av Bourbon-Parma, Luxemburgs nuvarande regent.

Innan sin död delade Jaroslav sitt rike mellan sina söner och utnämnde den äldste, Zjaslav, till storhertig i Kiev. De andra sönerna befalldes att lyda Zjaslav, som de hade lytt fadern, men inbördeskrig blev följden.

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•Birth: BET. 978 - 980

•Death: 20 FEB 1053/54

Prince of Kiev

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From the Russian Wikipedia page on Yaroslav Vladimirovich Mudryy (English after the Russian original):

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9

Яросла́в Влади́мирович (Яросла́в Му́дрый) (ок. 978[1] — 19 или 20 февраля 1054, Вышгород) — Ростовский князь (987—1010), Новгородский князь (1010—1034), великий князь Киевский (1016—1018, 1019—1054).

Ярослав Владимирович — сын крестителя Руси князя Владимира Святославича (из рода Рюриковичей) и полоцкой княжны Рогнеды Рогволодовны, отец, дед и дядя многих правителей Европы; в крещении получил имя Георгий (или Юрий — более поздняя форма имени Георгий, широко распространённая в древнерусском языке, в XI—XII веках оно имело вид Гюрьги).

Год рождения Ярослава и старшинство

Ярослав Мудрый на Памятнике «1000-летие России» в Великом НовгородеЯрослав впервые упоминается в Повести временных лет в статье 6488 (980) года, в которой рассказано о женитьбе его отца, Владимира Святославича, и Рогнеды, а после перечисляются 4 сына, родившихся от этого брака: Изяслав, Мстислав, Ярослав и Всеволод[2][3][4]. В статье 6562 (1054) года, где рассказывается о смерти Ярослава, говорится, что прожил он 76 лет[5]. Соответственно, согласно летописным известиям родился Ярослав в 978 или 979 году. Эта дата является общепринятой[6].

Однако существует мнение, что данный год является ошибочным. В статье под 1016 (6524) годом говорится о вокняжении Ярослава в Киеве, и упоминается, что

«Бе же Ярослав тогда 28 лет»[6][7].

Если верить этому известию, то Ярослав должен был родиться в 988 или 989 году. Объясняется это по разному. Татищев считает, что имела место ошибка и должно быть не 28, а 38 лет. В не сохранившихся до нашего времени летописях, бывших у него в распоряжении (Раскольничья, Голицынская и Хрущёвская летописи), было 3 варианта — 23, 28 и 34 года[6][8][9], а согласно Оренбургскому манускрипту дату рождения Ярослава следовало отнести к 972 году[10][11]. При этом в некоторых поздних летописях читается не 28 лет, а 18[12] (Софийская первая летопись[13], Архангелогородский летописец[14], Ипатьевский список Ипатьевской летописи[15]). А в Лавреньевской летописи было указано, что «И бы тогда Ярослав Новегороде лет 28»[16], что дало основание С. М. Соловьёву предположить, что известие относится к продолжительности новгородского княжения Ярослава: если принять правильным 18 лет — то с 998 года, а если 28 лет — то совокупное правление в Ростове и Новгороде с 988 года[4][17]. Соловьёв также сомневался в правильности известий о том, что Ярославу в год смерти было 76 лет.

С учётом того, что брак между Владимиром и Рогнедой по устоявшемуся сейчас мнению был заключён в 978 году[18], а также того, что Ярослав был третьим сыном Рогнеды, он не мог родиться в 978 году. По мнению историков датировка в 76 лет появилась для того, чтобы представить Ярослава старше Святополка. Однако есть свидетельства о том, что именно Святополк был старшим из сыновей на момент смерти Владимира[19]. Косвенным свидетельством этому могут служить слова Бориса, которые он сказал своей дружине, не желая занимать Киев, поскольку именно Святополк является старшим:

Онъ же рече: «Не буди мне възняти рукы на брата старъшаго: аще и отец ми умре, то сь ми буди въ отца мъсто»[4][20]

В настоящий момент факт старшинства Святополка считается доказанным, а указание возраста считается свидетельством того, что летописец пытался представить старшим именно Ярослава, обосновав, таким образом, его право на великое княжение[6][21].

Дополнительные сведения о возрасте Ярослава на момент смерти представляют данные исследования костных останков Ярослава, проведённые в 1939—1940 годах. Д. Г. Рохлин указывает, что Ярославу в момент смерти было больше 50 лет и указывает в качестве вероятного года рождения 986, а В. В. Гинзбург — 60—70 лет [22][23][24]. Основываясь на этих данных предполагается, что Ярослав мог родиться в период между 983 и 986 годами[4].

Кроме того, некоторые историки вслед за Н. И. Костомаровым высказывали сомнения о том, что Ярослав является сыном Рогнеды[21][25][26]. Однако это противоречит известиям летописей, в которых Ярослав неоднократно называется её сыном[3]. Существует также гипотеза французского историка Арриньона[27], согласно которой Ярослав был сыном византийской царевны Анны и именно этим объясняется вмешательство в 1043 году Ярослава во внутривизантийские дела. Однако эта гипотеза также противоречит всем другим источникам.[3]

Ростовский период

В первые годы XI века княжил в Ростове. Сведения о ростовском периоде его биографии носят поздний и легендарный характер.

С этим временем нередко связывают основание города Ярославля, названного в честь князя, который по легенде секирой убил священную медведицу и приказал срубить на неприступном мысу над Волгой небольшую деревянную крепость, названную по его имени — Ярославль. Эти события нашли отражение на гербе города. Предполагают также, что Ярославль был основан в 1010 году Ярославом для защиты Ростова. Связывается это с крепостью на Стрелке — месте слияния Волги и Которосли. Однако впервые упоминается Ярославль в «Повести временных лет» под 1071 годом в связи с восстанием смердов, которое возглавляли два волхва от Ярославля.

В Ростове и Ярославле существует историко-археологический проект «Ярослав Мудрый и его время», посвящённый уточнению этого периода жизни Ярослава, проект должен завершиться к 2010 году.

Новгородский период

После смерти старшего брата Вышеслава (по некоторым данным — в 1011 году) был посажен отцом на княжение в Новгород. Причём его резиденцией вероятнее всего стал Княжин двор (позже названный Ярославовым Дворищем), до этого новгородские князья со времён Рюрика жили, как правило, на Городище около Новгорода.

В 1014 году Ярослав решительно отказался от уплаты отцу великому киевскому князю Владимиру Святославичу ежегодного урока в две тысячи гривен. Историки предполагают, что эти действия Ярослава были связаны с намерением Владимира передать престол младшему сыну Борису. Владимир Святославич скончался в следующем году, готовясь к войне с Ярославом. И Ярослав начал борьбу за киевский престол с братом Святополком, которого освободили из темницы и объявили своим князем взбунтовавшиеся киевляне. В этой борьбе, продолжавшейся четыре года, Ярослав опирался на новгородцев и на наёмную варяжскую дружину под предводительством конунга Эймунда.

В 1016 году Ярослав разбил войско Святополка близ Любеча и поздней осенью занял Киев. Он щедро наградил новгородскую дружину, оделив каждого воина десятью гривнами. Из летописей:

… И отпусти их всех домой,— и дав им правду, и устав списав, тако рекши им: по се грамоте ходите, якоже списах вам, такоже держите

Однако наёмной дружине Ярослав часто не доплачивает, вспоминая о жаловании только перед лицом надвигающейся опасности.

Победа под Любечем не окончила борьбу со Святополком. Он ещё дважды подступал к Киеву: один раз с печенегами, второй — с войском польского короля Болеслава I.

В 1018 году польский король Болеслав Храбрый, приглашённый своим зятем Святополком Окаянным, разбил войска Ярослава на берегах Буга, захватил Киев вместе с сёстрами, первой женой Анной и мачехой Ярослава, публично изнасиловал отказавшую в сватовстве его сестру Предславу и, вместо того, чтобы передать город («стол») мужу своей дочери Святополку, сам сделал попытку утвердиться в нём. Но киевляне, возмущённые неистовствами его дружины, начали убивать поляков, и Болеслав должен был поспешно оставить Киев, лишив Святополка военной помощи. А Ярослав после поражения вернувшись в Новгород приготовился бежать «за море». Но новгородцы во главе с посадником Константином Добрыничем, изрубив его суда, сказали князю, что они хотят биться за него с Болеславом и Святополком. Они собрали деньги, заключили новый договор с варягами конунга Эймунда и сами вооружились. Весной 1019 года это войско во главе с Ярославом осуществляет новый поход на Святополка. В битве на реке Альте Святополк разбит, его знамя захвачено, сам он ранен, но бежал.

Так как вражда могла продолжаться бесконечно, пока оба князя были живы, конунг Эймунд спросил у Ярослава: «прикажете ли убить его, или нет?»[28] На что Ярослав дал свое согласие:

…— Ничего этого я не сделаю: ни настраивать никого не стану к (личному, грудь на грудь) сражению с Князем Святополком, ни порицать кого-либо, если он будет убит.

В этом году Ярослав получил титул Великого князя Киевского после убийства брата Святополка и братьев Бориса и Глеба[29], но предпочитает находиться до 1036 года в Новгороде.

В 1019 году[30] Ярослав (по некоторым летописным источникам, при живой первой жене Анне, захваченной Болеславом Храбрым в Киеве) женится на дочери шведского короля Олафа Шётконунга — Ингегерде, за которую прежде сватался конунг Норвегии Олаф Харальдсон, посвятивший ей вису и впоследствии женившийся на её младшей сестре Астрид. Ингигерду на Руси крестят созвучным именем — Ирина. Причём судя по «Сагам об Олаве Святом» Снорри Стурлусона в «приданое» принцесса Ингегерда получила город Альдейгаборг (Ладога) с прилегающими землями, которые получили с тех пор название Ингерманландии (земли Ингегерды).[31][32]

В 1020 году племянник Ярослава Брячислав напал на Новгород, и на обратном пути, был настигнут Ярославом на реке Судоме, разбит здесь его войсками и бежал, оставив пленных и награбленное. Ярослав преследовал его и заставил в 1021 году согласиться на мирные условия, назначив ему в удел два города Усвят и Витебск. Однако, согласно «Саге об Эймунде», после победы над Святополком Ярослав выдвинул Брячиславу территориальные претензии, но Брячислав отверг их и вышел с войском к границе своего удела. Для ведения войны Ярослав послал к войскам Ингегерду, которую захватили и привели в ставку Брячислава. Ингегерда была вынуждена выступить миротворцем. Согласно мирному договору Брячислав увеличил свои владения и стал править в Киеве. Ярослав остался в Новгороде и был назван Великим князем. В скором времени Брячислав умер, и Ярослав вернулся в Киев.

В 1023 году брат Ярослава — тмутараканский князь Мстислав — напал со своими союзниками хазарами и касогами и захватил Чернигов и всё Левобережье Днепра, а в 1024 году Мстислав победил войска Ярослава под руководством варяга Якуна (Гакона) под Лиственом (возле Чернигова). Мстислав перенёс свою столицу в Чернигов и, направив послов к бежавшему в Новгород Ярославу, предлагает разделить с ним земли по Днепру и прекратить войны:

Садись в своем Киеве, ты — старший брат, а мне пусть будет эта сторона.

В 1025 году сын Болеслава Храброго Мешко II стал королём Польши, а два его брата, Безприм и Отто, были изгнаны из страны и нашли убежище у Ярослава.

В 1026 году Ярослав, собрав большое войско, вернулся в Киев, и заключил мир у Городца с братом Мстиславом, согласившись с его мирными предложениями. Братья разделяют земли по Днепру. Левобережье сохранялось за Мстиславом, а правобережье за Ярославом.

В 1028 году норвежский король Олаф Харальдсон, впоследствии канонизированный в Норвегии как Олаф Святой, был вынужден бежать в Новгород к Ярославу Мудрому. Бежал он туда вместе с пятилетним сыном Магнусом, оставив в Швеции его мать Астрид. В Новгороде сводная сестра матери Магнуса, жена Ярослава и бывшая невеста Олафа — Ингегерда настояла, чтобы Магнус остался у Ярослава после возвращения Олафа Святого в Норвегию в 1030 году, где тот в этом же году и погиб во время битвы за норвежский престол.

В 1029 году, помогая брату Мстиславу, совершил поход на ясов, изгнав их из Тмутаракани. В следующем 1030 году Ярослав победил чудь и заложил город Юрьев (ныне Тарту, Эстония). В том же году он взял Белз в Галиции. В это время против короля Мешко II в Польской земле поднялось восстание, народ убивал епископов, попов и бояр. В 1031 году Ярослав и Мстислав, поддержав притязания Безприма на польский престол, собрали большое войско и пошли на поляков, отвоевали города Перемышль и Червен, завоевали польские земли, и, взяв в плен множество поляков, поделили их. Ярослав расселил своих пленных вдоль реки Рось, а Мстислав на правобережье Днепра. Незадолго до этого в том же 1031 году Харальд III Суровый, король Норвегии, сводный брат Олафа Святого, бежал к Ярославу Мудрому и служил в его дружине. Как принято считать, он участвовал в кампании Ярослава против поляков и был со-руководителем войска. Впоследствии Харальд стал зятем Ярослава, взяв в жены Елизавету.

В 1034 году Ярослав ставит князем новгородским сына Владимира. В 1036 году внезапно на охоте умир

John Sloan and Micha Jelisavic write: He was the sixth son of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich, prince of Kyiv. He married Ingigerd, daughter of Olaf, King of Sweden. His sons were Ilya (Elias), prince of Novgorod, (d 1020); Vladimir, prince of Novgorod (d 1043); Izyaslav I, prince of Kyiv (d 1107); Svyatoslav II, usurper prince of Kyiv and prince of Chernigiv (d 1076); Vsyevolod I, prince of Kyiv (d 1093); Vyacheslav, prince of Smolensk (d 1057); and Igor, prince of Vladimir-in-Volynia (d 1060).

On the death of their father, Vladimir, Svyatopolk I seized the throne and had the half-brothers, Boris, Gleb, and Vsyevelod, killed. Yaroslav was ruling in Novgorod. He marched south with a combinedNovgorodian-Varangian army. See Svyatopolk I. In 1017 Svyatopolk set the Polish King, Boleslaw Khrabryi, against the Russians. On the 22nd of July, a Polish army under the command of the Polish kingreached the Bug river, then the border dividing Russian holdings from those Polish. Here they met Yaroslav and his cohorts. With a surprise attack the Poles routed the Russians and unopposed came upon Kiev. Here they captured the wife and sisters of Yaroslav, one of whom became Boleslaw's concubine. In the "Kronika Thietmara," it is recorded that the Polish bishop Rhinebern in the 1020s found himself in Rus' as a choir master for the daughter of Boleslaw who was marrying the son of Vladimir of Kiev--Svyatopolk. Page 150, Priniatiye Khristianstva Narodami Tsentral'noi I Yugo-Vostochnoi YevropyI Kreshchenie Rusi, 1988. After several campaigns Yaroslav was again and firmly ensconced on the throne of Kiev and generously rewarded to Novgorodians before he allowed them to go home.

The most important monument, (or better, a part of a monument) that dates from the reign of Yaroslav, is the Cathedral of Saint Sophia in Kiev, built in 1037 to commemorate the Russian victory over the Patzinaks (Pechenegs) in the previous year. Originally the cathedral was conceived on the Greek cross plan and built in line with Yaroslav's fondness for monumental forms, solemn dispositions and very richly decorated frescoes and mosaics. At that time the Cathedral had five aisles terminated in semicircular apses and six smaller cupolas, dominated by the seventh central large cupola over the central square. Four piers each of about 23 feet in diameter mark the square and support four arched vaults that carry the central cupola. The drum of this cupola has several (12) tall, large windows that bring light in from all sides and lavishly enlighten the frescoes and mosaics that are under the main cupola or the nearby apse, in contrast with other parts of the cathedral which are rather dark. When the Tatars invaded Kiev they spared the cathedral but when Lithuanians and Poles moved in after them, Saint Sophia was seriously damaged and an entire wall collapsed. Since then the cathedral was restored and renovated several times. Its exterior received an entirely different appearance when in the seventeenth century Metropolitan Moghila and Hetman Mazepa decided to enlarge and restore the cathedral. Two more aisles were added, making the cathedral 176 feet wide, and six more cupolas were put on. At this time the ancient hemispheric Byzantine cupolas were replaced by pear-shaped cupolas that became popular in Ukraine in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. Later several more cupolas were added and the entire outline of the edifice, regretfully, turned into a sort of Ukrainian baroque. To make the exterior of the cathedral even more exotic, in 1953-1954 Soviet authorities gilded the cupolas. On a few occasions excavations were made inside and around the cathedral by the Soviet archaeologists. According to some, the ancient walls and foundations show that the original building had many details in common with old churches built in Armenia during or before the eleventh century. These findings prompted some Soviet historians to conclude that first Russian monuments were more influenced by Armenian and Georgian masters than by the Greeks.

Chronology:
1016-1019 AD - Yaroslav organizes two campaigns with Varangian and Novgorodian troops to unseat Svyatopolk from the throne at Kyiv
1020 AD - Yaroslav's son Vladimir is born. Elias was born while Yaroslav was still at Novgorod and was placed on command at Novgorod when Yaroslav left, but died that same year.
1021 AD - Bryacheslav Izyaslavich, grandson of Vladimir I captures Novgorod and then returns to Polotsk. Yaroslav marches north and defeats Bryacheslav at the Sudomir River and frees the Novgorodian prisoners, forcing Bryacheslav to flee to Polotsk.
1022 AD - Yaroslav marches on Brest. Mstislav, ruler of Tmutorokan, attacks the Kasogians. He defeats the Kasogian ruler, Rededya, in single combat.
1023 AD - Mstislav marches north with combined Khazar, Kasogian and personal druzhina to attack Yaroslav.
1024 AD - Yaroslav is still at Novgorod when Mstislav arrives at Kyiv. The Kyivans refuse him entry so he marches on to take Chernigiv on the other side of the Dniper. The chronicler reports that in the same year magicians appeared at Suzdal and than Yaroslav had to march there to expel them before organizing a campaign to Kyiv. He follows the standard practice by sending for Varangian troops. The two armies meet at Listven. Mstislav deploys his Severians in the center of his line opposite Yaroslav's Varangians. He keeps his personal druzhina out of the fray during a night battle in the midstof a tremendous thunder storm. The result is a victory for Mstislav after which he is doubly pleased that the Severians and Varangians had taken all the casulaties while his personal troops remained unscathed. Meanwhile Yaroslav flees again to Novgorod. Mstislav proposes a peace treaty by which he will have the left bank Dniper from Chernigiv to Murom and Yaroslav will have the right bank Dniper including Novgorod. Yaroslav is warry and stays at Novgorod.
1026 AD - Yaroslav has a new army of sufficient strength to venture south and enter Kyiv. He accepts Mstislav's proposal for split domain. They manage to live in peace until Mstislav dies.
1027 AD - Yaroslav's third son, Svyatoslav, is born.
1030 AD - Yaroslav captures Bel'z. His fourth son, Vsyevolod, is born. He founds Yur'yev. There is a revolt in Poland after the death of Boleslaw the Great. Many priests and bishops are killed.
1031 AD - Yaroslav and Mstislav lead a joint campaign into Poland. They retake the Cherven towns and resettle many Poles along the southern Russian frontier.
1032 AD - Yaroslav expands Russian towns and fortified line south along the Ros River.
1033 AD - Mstislav's son, Eustathius, dies, leaving his without heir.
1036 AD - Mstislav dies while hunting and his part of Rus reverts to Yaroslav. Yaroslav goes to Novgorod and installs his son, Vladimir, at prince. This year Yaroslav has another son, Vyacheslav. Yaroslav also imprisoned his brother, Sudislav, at Pskov.
1036 AD - While Yaroslav is in Novgorod the Pecheneg again launch a major offensive to besiege Kyiv. Yaroslav sails to Kyiv. He enters the city and then sallies out toward the Pecheneg force in the field where the St Sophia cathedral is now. Yaroslav deploys his forces with Kyivans in right, Varangians in center and Novgorodians on left. The struggle lasts most of the day before the Pecheneg are routed and flee in all directions.
1037 AD - Yaroslav expands the city fortress and also the outer city walls. He builds the great St Sophia cathedral and the Church of the Annunciation over the Golden Gate, the most impressive of thethree gates in the new city wall.
1038 AD - Yaroslav attacks the Yatvingians (southern Lithuania).
1039 AD - The Church of the Blessed Virgin, (The tithe church) started by Vladimir in the inner part of the city, which was damaged in the city fire of 1017, is re-consecrated.
1040 AD - Yaroslav again attacks Lithuania. (Probably trying to open a more direct route to the Baltic via the Dvina river.
1041 AD - Yaroslav campaigns by river against the Masovians, who live along the Northern Bug and Vistula.
1042 AD - Yaroslav's son, Vladimir, attacks the Yam district (between Novgorod and the coast).
1043 AD - Yaroslav sends his son, Vladimir, to attack Byzantium with a very large naval expedition. The Byzantine emperor, Constantine IX, is surprised but eventually victorious by use of "Greek Fire". On the return voyage they attempt an attack at Varna and are again defeated.
1043 AD - Yaroslav arranges the marriage of his sister, Dobronega-Maria, to Casimir, prince of Poland. Yaroslav's son, Izyaslav, marries Casimir's sister. Casimir returns 800 prisoners captured by Boleslav.
1044 AD - Bryachislav Izyaslavich, prince of Polotsk, dies and is succeeded by his son, Vseslav.
1045 AD - Vladimir Yaroslavich founds the church of St Sophia in Novgorod, which is largely intact to the present time.
1046-7 AD - Yaroslav conquers the Mazovians and gives the region to Casimir.
1048-50 Yaroslav's wife, Ingigerd, dies.
1051 AD - Yaroslav appoints Hilarion as Metropolitan of Rus with his chair at the new cathedral of St Sophia. The Cave Monastery (Pechersky Lavra) just south of Kyiv and the Church at Berestovo were also founded during Yaroslav's reign.
1052 AD - Vladimir, Yaroslav's eldest son, dies at Novgorod.
1054 AD - Yaroslav dies at Vyshgorod and is succeeded by his eldest remaining son, Izyaslav I, who is at Novgorod at the time. The Chronicle contains Yaroslav's testament in which he urges his sons to live in peace with each other. He designates Izyaslav to be prince of Kyiv, Svyatoslav to be prince of Chernigiv, Vsyevolod to Pereyaslavl, Igor to Vladimir-in-Volynia, and Vyacheslav to Smolensk.

55452270. Enehersker Jaroslav I VLADIMIRSON i Russland was a Storfyrste in 1019 in Kiev. (7870) He was an Enehersker in 1036 in Russland. (7871) He died on 20 Feb 1054.(7872) He was married to Ingegerd OLAFSDTR av Sverige in 1019. (7873)

[large-G675.FTW]

Burke calls him Great Duke of Russia. Snorri Sturlasson call him Prince of
Holmgarth and shows his children as Holti-Nimble, Vissivald, Ellisif.

Donald Lines Jacobus (1883-1970), the "Founder of Scientific
Genealogy in America" wrote an article in The American Genealogist (TAG)
9:13-15 entitled "The House of Rurik." I quote: "To correct the many
errors that have appeared in print, and to aid those who follow thepastime
of tracing "royal ancestry," the following condensed account of the early
Rurikides is here printed. It is based in large part on "Genealogies et
Mariages Occidentaux des Rurikides Russes du Xe au XIIIe Siecle,"published
at Rome in 1927 as Vol. IX, No. 1, of *Orientalia Christiana.* The author,
N. de Baumgarten, is probably the best living authority on early Russian
history, and every statement made on the fourteen genealogical tables of
his monograph is fully supported by the citation of contemporary documents
and chronicles."

I am not attacking Jacobus, who is a giant among genealogists and
certainly needs no defenders. Neither am I disagreeing with Alexander
Agamov, in Moscow, who has pointed out that there is no credible evidence
that Rurik was ever "Prince of Kiev" and progenitor of the line beginning
with Igor, Grand Prince of Kiev, who married Olga. I hope Alexander Agamov
is reading this. Some historians and genealogists, Russians inparticular,
have taken sharp issue with the theory that the Kievan Rus was founded by
a "Dane" rather than a "Slav"----and the evidence for "The Varangian
Theory" seems fragmentary and inconclusive, at best.

G. Andrews Moriarty and Walter L. Sheppard in TAG 28:91-95 also
quote the N. de Baumgarten material as authoritative [specifically
"Orientalia Christiana, No. 119, N. de Baumgarten, "Aux Origines de la
Russie," p. 79. Both Jacobus and Moriarty/Sheppard headline their charts
with "Rurik (d. 879) Grand Prince of Kiev." Jacobus probably did not read
10th to 13th century Russian. But--- some of us may.

For anyone who might conceivably have access to the original,1927,
N. de Baumgarten source---is it provable that, "every statement made onthe
fourteen genealogical tables of his monograph is fully supported by the
citation of contemporary documents and chronicles?"

Or, is it possible that Jacobus and the other experts simply
trusted in N. de Baumgarten's scholarship and professionalism---and didnot
really check out the facts themselves. The Editor of a journal, such as
TAG, certainly cannot check out every fact and document himself. But, in
this particular case, Jacobus gives the N. de Baumgarten material his
personal imprimatur, as cited above [TAG 9:13, Paragraph 2]

So----has N. de Baumgarten in his "OrientaliaChristiana"---dealing
with "The House of Rurik"---been totally discredited by subsequentrigorous
scholarship---or does his judgment still seem credible to some serious
scholars----or are there alternate explanations?

This is an intriguing question of interest to many folks who are
descended from Anne of Kiev (c. 1024-c.1066) [Anna Yaroslavna] who married
Henry I, King of France.

1 NAME the Wise //
2 GIVN the Wise
2 SURN
2 NICK the Wise

!BIRTH: "Royal Ancestors" by Michel Call - Based on Call Family Pedigrees FHL
film 844805 & 844806, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, UT. Copy of
"Royal Ancestors" owned by Lynn Bernhard, Orem, UT.

!Grand Duke of Kiev

Data From Lynn Jeffrey Bernhard, 2445 W 450 South #4, Springville UT 84663-4950
email - (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)

Ancestral File Number: 952M-GV

Ancestral File Number: 952M-GV

Alias: Iaroslave, Grand Duke of Kiev
from chart 29 to 34
DUKEY

--Other Fields

Ref Number: 220

Line 3075 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:
NAME Yaroslav I "The Wise" Grand Duke Of /KIEV/

SOURCE NOTES:
Bu116 http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~churchh/edw3chrt.html

RESEARCH NOTES:
Grand Duke of Kiev

_P_CCINFO 1-20792

Konge 1019-54.

John Sloan and Micha Jelisavic write: He was the sixth son of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich, prince of Kyiv. He married Ingigerd, daughter of Olaf, King of Sweden. His sons were Ilya (Elias), prince of Novgorod, (d 1020); Vladimir, prince of Novgorod (d 1043); Izyaslav I, prince of Kyiv (d 1107); Svyatoslav II, usurper prince of Kyiv and prince of Chernigiv (d 1076); Vsyevolod I, prince of Kyiv (d 1093); Vyacheslav, prince of Smolensk (d 1057); and Igor, prince of Vladimir-in-Volynia (d 1060).

On the death of their father, Vladimir, Svyatopolk I seized the throne and had the half-brothers, Boris, Gleb, and Vsyevelod, killed. Yaroslav was ruling in Novgorod. He marched south with a combined Novgorodian-Varangian army. See Svyatopolk I. In 1017 Svyatopolk set the Polish King, Boleslaw Khrabryi, against the Russians. On the 22nd of July, a Polish army under the command of the Polish king reached the Bug river, then the border dividing Russian holdings from those Polish. Here they met Yaroslav and his cohorts. With a surprise attack the Poles routed the Russians and unopposed came upon Kiev. Here they captured the wife and sisters of Yaroslav, one of whom became Boleslaw's concubine. In the "Kronika Thietmara," it is recorded that the Polish bishop Rhinebern in the 1020s found himself in Rus' as a choir master for the daughter of Boleslaw who was marrying the son of Vladimir of Kiev--Svyatopolk. Page 150, Priniatiye Khristianstva Narodami Tsentral'noi I Yugo-Vostochnoi Yevropy I Kreshchenie Rusi, 1988. After several campaigns Yaroslav was again and firmly ensconced on the throne of Kiev and generously rewarded to Novgorodians before he allowed them to go home.

The most important monument, (or better, a part of a monument) that dates from the reign of Yaroslav, is the Cathedral of Saint Sophia in Kiev, built in 1037 to commemorate the Russian victory over the Patzinaks (Pechenegs) in the previous year. Originally the cathedral was conceived on the Greek cross plan and built in line with Yaroslav's fondness for monumental forms, solemn dispositions and very richly decorated frescoes and mosaics. At that time the Cathedral had five aisles terminated in semicircular apses and six smaller cupolas, dominated by the seventh central large cupola over the central square. Four piers each of about 23 feet in diameter mark the square and support four arched vaults that carry the central cupola. The drum of this cupola has several (12) tall, large windows that bring light in from all sides and lavishly enlighten the frescoes and mosaics that are under the main cupola or the nearby apse, in contrast with other parts of the cathedral which are rather dark. When the Tatars invaded Kiev they spared the cathedral but when Lithuanians and Poles moved in after them, Saint Sophia was seriously damaged and an entire wall collapsed. Since then the cathedral was restored and renovated several times. Its exterior received an entirely different appearance when in the seventeenth century Metropolitan Moghila and Hetman Mazepa decided to enlarge and restore the cathedral. Two more aisles were added, making the cathedral 176 feet wide, and six more cupolas were put on. At this time the ancient hemispheric Byzantine cupolas were replaced by pear-shaped cupolas that became popular in Ukraine in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. Later several more cupolas were added and the entire outline of the edifice, regretfully, turned into a sort of Ukrainian baroque. To make the exterior of the cathedral even more exotic, in 1953-1954 Soviet authorities gilded the cupolas. On a few occasions excavations were made inside and around the cathedral by the Soviet archaeologists. According to some, the ancient walls and foundations show that the original building had many details in common with old churches built in Armenia during or before the eleventh century. These findings prompted some Soviet historians to conclude that first Russian monuments were more influenced by Armenian and Georgian masters than by the Greeks.

Chronology:
1016-1019 AD - Yaroslav organizes two campaigns with Varangian and Novgorodian troops to unseat Svyatopolk from the throne at Kyiv
1020 AD - Yaroslav's son Vladimir is born. Elias was born while Yaroslav was still at Novgorod and was placed on command at Novgorod when Yaroslav left, but died that same year.
1021 AD - Bryacheslav Izyaslavich, grandson of Vladimir I captures Novgorod and then returns to Polotsk. Yaroslav marches north and defeats Bryacheslav at the Sudomir River and frees the Novgorodian prisoners, forcing Bryacheslav to flee to Polotsk.
1022 AD - Yaroslav marches on Brest. Mstislav, ruler of Tmutorokan, attacks the Kasogians. He defeats the Kasogian ruler, Rededya, in single combat.
1023 AD - Mstislav marches north with combined Khazar, Kasogian and personal druzhina to attack Yaroslav.
1024 AD - Yaroslav is still at Novgorod when Mstislav arrives at Kyiv. The Kyivans refuse him entry so he marches on to take Chernigiv on the other side of the Dniper. The chronicler reports that in the same year magicians appeared at Suzdal and than Yaroslav had to march there to expel them before organizing a campaign to Kyiv. He follows the standard practice by sending for Varangian troops. The two armies meet at Listven. Mstislav deploys his Severians in the center of his line opposite Yaroslav's Varangians. He keeps his personal druzhina out of the fray during a night battle in the midst of a tremendous thunder storm. The result is a victory for Mstislav after which he is doubly pleased that the Severians and Varangians had taken all the casulaties while his personal troops remained unscathed. Meanwhile Yaroslav flees again to Novgorod. Mstislav proposes a peace treaty by which he will have the left bank Dniper from Chernigiv to Murom and Yaroslav will have the right bank Dniper including Novgorod. Yaroslav is warry and stays at Novgorod.
1026 AD - Yaroslav has a new army of sufficient strength to venture south and enter Kyiv. He accepts Mstislav's proposal for split domain. They manage to live in peace until Mstislav dies.
1027 AD - Yaroslav's third son, Svyatoslav, is born.
1030 AD - Yaroslav captures Bel'z. His fourth son, Vsyevolod, is born. He founds Yur'yev. There is a revolt in Poland after the death of Boleslaw the Great. Many priests and bishops are killed.
1031 AD - Yaroslav and Mstislav lead a joint campaign into Poland. They retake the Cherven towns and resettle many Poles along the southern Russian frontier.
1032 AD - Yaroslav expands Russian towns and fortified line south along the Ros River.
1033 AD - Mstislav's son, Eustathius, dies, leaving his without heir.
1036 AD - Mstislav dies while hunting and his part of Rus reverts to Yaroslav. Yaroslav goes to Novgorod and installs his son, Vladimir, at prince. This year Yaroslav has another son, Vyacheslav. Yaroslav also imprisoned his brother, Sudislav, at Pskov.
1036 AD - While Yaroslav is in Novgorod the Pecheneg again launch a major offensive to besiege Kyiv. Yaroslav sails to Kyiv. He enters the city and then sallies out toward the Pecheneg force in the field where the St Sophia cathedral is now. Yaroslav deploys his forces with Kyivans in right, Varangians in center and Novgorodians on left. The struggle lasts most of the day before the Pecheneg are routed and flee in all directions.
1037 AD - Yaroslav expands the city fortress and also the outer city walls. He builds the great St Sophia cathedral and the Church of the Annunciation over the Golden Gate, the most impressive of the three gates in the new city wall.
1038 AD - Yaroslav attacks the Yatvingians (southern Lithuania).
1039 AD - The Church of the Blessed Virgin, (The tithe church) started by Vladimir in the inner part of the city, which was damaged in the city fire of 1017, is re-consecrated.
1040 AD - Yaroslav again attacks Lithuania. (Probably trying to open a more direct route to the Baltic via the Dvina river.
1041 AD - Yaroslav campaigns by river against the Masovians, who live along the Northern Bug and Vistula.
1042 AD - Yaroslav's son, Vladimir, attacks the Yam district (between Novgorod and the coast).
1043 AD - Yaroslav sends his son, Vladimir, to attack Byzantium with a very large naval expedition. The Byzantine emperor, Constantine IX, is surprised but eventually victorious by use of "Greek Fire". On the return voyage they attempt an attack at Varna and are again defeated.
1043 AD - Yaroslav arranges the marriage of his sister, Dobronega-Maria, to Casimir, prince of Poland. Yaroslav's son, Izyaslav, marries Casimir's sister. Casimir returns 800 prisoners captured by Boleslav.
1044 AD - Bryachislav Izyaslavich, prince of Polotsk, dies and is succeeded by his son, Vseslav.
1045 AD - Vladimir Yaroslavich founds the church of St Sophia in Novgorod, which is largely intact to the present time.
1046-7 AD - Yaroslav conquers the Mazovians and gives the region to Casimir.
1048-50 Yaroslav's wife, Ingigerd, dies.
1051 AD - Yaroslav appoints Hilarion as Metropolitan of Rus with his chair at the new cathedral of St Sophia. The Cave Monastery (Pechersky Lavra) just south of Kyiv and the Church at Berestovo were also founded during Yaroslav's reign.
1052 AD - Vladimir, Yaroslav's eldest son, dies at Novgorod.
1054 AD - Yaroslav dies at Vyshgorod and is succeeded by his eldest remaining son, Izyaslav I, who is at Novgorod at the time. The Chronicle contains Yaroslav's testament in which he urges his sons to live in peace with each other. He designates Izyaslav to be prince of Kyiv, Svyatoslav to be prince of Chernigiv, Vsyevolod to Pereyaslavl, Igor to Vladimir-in-Volynia, and Vyacheslav to Smolensk.

Storfurste i Kiev och Novgorod

Burke calls him Great Duke of Russia. Snorri Sturlasson call himPrince of
Holmgarth and shows his children as Holti-Nimble, Vissivald, Ellisif.

Donald Lines Jacobus (1883-1970), the "Founder of Scientific
Genealogy in America" wrote an article in The American Genealogist(TAG)
9:13-15 entitled "The House of Rurik." I quote: "To correct the many
errors that have appeared in print, and to aid those who follow thepastime
of tracing "royal ancestry," the following condensed account of theearly
Rurikides is here printed. It is based in large part on "Genealogieset
Mariages Occidentaux des Rurikides Russes du Xe au XIIIe Siecle,"published
at Rome in 1927 as Vol. IX, No. 1, of *Orientalia Christiana.* Theauthor,
N. de Baumgarten, is probably the best living authority on earlyRussian
history, and every statement made on the fourteen genealogical tablesof
his monograph is fully supported by the citation of contemporarydocuments
and chronicles."

I am not attacking Jacobus, who is a giant among genealogistsand
certainly needs no defenders. Neither am I disagreeing with Alexander
Agamov, in Moscow, who has pointed out that there is no credibleevidence
that Rurik was ever "Prince of Kiev" and progenitor of the linebeginning
with Igor, Grand Prince of Kiev, who married Olga. I hope AlexanderAgamov
is reading this. Some historians and genealogists, Russians inparticular,
have taken sharp issue with the theory that the Kievan Rus wasfounded by
a "Dane" rather than a "Slav"----and the evidence for "The Varangian
Theory" seems fragmentary and inconclusive, at best.

G. Andrews Moriarty and Walter L. Sheppard in TAG 28:91-95also
quote the N. de Baumgarten material as authoritative [specifically
"Orientalia Christiana, No. 119, N. de Baumgarten, "Aux Origines de la
Russie," p. 79. Both Jacobus and Moriarty/Sheppard headline theircharts
with "Rurik (d. 879) Grand Prince of Kiev." Jacobus probably did notread
10th to 13th century Russian. But--- some of us may.

For anyone who might conceivably have access to the original,1927,
N. de Baumgarten source---is it provable that, "every statement madeon the
fourteen genealogical tables of his monograph is fully supported bythe
citation of contemporary documents and chronicles?"

Or, is it possible that Jacobus and the other experts simply
trusted in N. de Baumgarten's scholarship and professionalism---anddid not
really check out the facts themselves. The Editor of a journal, suchas
TAG, certainly cannot check out every fact and document himself. But,in
this particular case, Jacobus gives the N. de Baumgarten material his
personal imprimatur, as cited above [TAG 9:13, Paragraph 2]

So----has N. de Baumgarten in his "OrientaliaChristiana"---dealing
with "The House of Rurik"---been totally discredited by subsequentrigorous
scholarship---or does his judgment still seem credible to some serious
scholars----or are there alternate explanations?

This is an intriguing question of interest to many folks whoare
descended from Anne of Kiev (c. 1024-c.1066) [Anna Yaroslavna] whomarried
Henry I, King of France.

Jaroslav I "de Wijze" van Kiev, geb. 978, ovl. 20.02.1054, ref. nr. 25.03.2004 ES II-128, KHO, NOW.6,24,[39] Vorst van Rostow, grootvorst van Kiew 1019/54. Hij trouwde (1) N.N. Jaroslav zou aanvankelijk vorst van Nowgorod geweest zijn, waar hij de kathedraal van de Heilige Sophia (heden de oudste kerk van Rusland) naar Byzantijns voorbeeld liet bouwen. Ook bouwde hij daar de nog heden bestaande Jaroslov Hof. Nadat hij Swjatopolk de Vervloekte uit Kiev verdreven had, werd Jaroslov heerser van het rijk. Hij nam een Zweedse prinses tot vrouw en zijn nakomelingen werden door de Europese vorstenhuizen als goede huwelijkspartners beschouwd. Na zijn dood viel het Kievsche Rijk in onafhankelijk vorstendommen uiteen. Hij trouwde met Ingegerd (Anna) van Zweden, getrouwd febr 1019 in Sarpsborg.

"WLADIMIROWWITSCH"; GRAND PRINCE OF KIEV 1017-1018 AND 1019-1054; GRAND PRINCE
OF ROSTOV 988; GRAND PRINCE OF NOVGOROD 988-1036

Yaroslav I el Sabio1 (Yaroslav Mudryi) (c. 978, Kiev - 20 de febrero de 1054, Kiev)2 (eslavo oriental: Ярослав Мудрый nombre cristiano: Jorge nórdico antiguo: Jarizleifr) fue tres veces Gran Príncipe de Nóvgorod y Kiev, uniendo temporalmente ambo
s principados. Durante su largo reinado, el Rus de Kiev alcanzó el apogeo de su florecimiento cultural y poder militar.

Contenido ocultar
1 Su camino al trono
2 Su reino
3 Vida familiar y posteridad
4 Bibliografía
5 Referencias
6 Enlaces externos

Su camino al trono editarLa vida temprana de Yaroslav está cubierta de misterio. Fue uno de los numerosos hijos de Vladimir el Grande, probablemente el segundo con Rogneda de Polotsk, aunque su edad real (según indica la Crónica de Néstor y lo
corrobora la examinación de su esqueleto en los años 1930) lo ubicaría entre los hijos más jóvenes de Vladimir. Se sugirió que este era un hijo extramatrimonial tras el divorcio de Vladimir de Rogneda y su casamiento con Anna Porphyrogeneta, la
hermana menor de Basilio II, o incluso que éste era hijo de la misma Anna Porphyrogeneta. Yaroslav aparece en la Saga nórdica con el nombre de Jarisleif el Cojo su legendaria cojera (queprovenía probablemente de un flechazo) fue corroborada por
los científicos que examinaron sus restos.

En su juventud, Yaroslav fue enviado por su padre para gobernar las tierras del norte de Rostov pero fue transferido a Nóvgorod, como heredero mayor del trono, en 1010. Mientras vivía allí, encontró la ciudad de Yaroslavl en el Volga. La relación
con su padre era aparentemente tensa, por lo que Vladimir legó el trono de Kievan a su hijo menor, Boris. En 1014, Yaroslav se negó a pagar tributo a Kiev y sólo la muerte de Vladimir evitó la guerra.

Durante los próximos cuatro años Yaroslav hizo una complicada y sangrienta guerra por Kiev contra su medio hermano Sviatopolk, que tenía el apoyo de su suegro, el duque Boleslao I el Bravo.3 Durante el curso de esta lucha varios de sus hermanos (
Boris y Gleb, Svyatoslav) fueron brutalmente asesinados.3 La Crónica de Néstor acusa a Svyatopolk de haber planeado estos asesinatos, mientras que la Saga de Eymund es a menudo interpretada como una narración de la historia del asesinato de Boris
por los Varegos a cargo de Yaroslav.

Yaroslav derrotó a Svyatopolk en su primera batalla, en 1016, y este huyó a Polonia. Pero Svyatopolk regresó con tropas polacas, suministradas por su suegro, el duque Boleslao I el Bravo,tomó Kiev y repelió a Yaroslav a Nóvgorod.3 En 1019, Yaros
lav eventualmente prevaleció sobre Svyatopolk y estableció su dominio en Kiev.4 Una de sus primeras acciones como Gran Príncipe fue otorgar a los novgorodenses leales (quienes lo ayudarona recuperar el trono) varias libertades y privilegios. De
esta manera se estableció la fundación de la República de Nóvgorod. Los novgorodenses respetaban a Yaroslav más que a otros príncipes kieveños y la espléndida residencia de la ciudad (donde a menudo se reunía el Veche), situada al lado del merca
do, recibió el nombre de Yaroslavovo Dvorishche. Se piensa que en este período Yaroslav promulgó el primer código de leyes, la Justicia de Yaroslav o mejor conocida como Russkaya Pravda, en las tierras eslavas orientales.

Su reino editar
Una de muchas estatuas de Yaroslav sosteniendo el Russkaya Pravda en su mano.
Monumento a Yaroslav en Yaroslavl representado en el billete de banco de 1000 rublos rusos.Dejando a un lado la legitimidad de los reclamos de Yaroslav al trono de Kiev en su acusación por el asesinato de sus hermanos, Néstor y posteriormente var
ios historiadores rusos a menudo lo representan como un modelo de Sabio. Un lado menos atractivo de su personalidad puede ser revelado a través del hecho de que encarceló de por vida a suhermano menor, Sudislav. Otro de sus hermanos, Mstislav de
Tmutarakan, cuyo reino bordeaba el Cáucaso Norte y el Mar Negro, se apresuró a Kiev y venció a Yaroslav en 1024. Inmediatamente Yaroslav y Mstislav dividieron el Principado de Kiev: mientras que Yaroslav permaneció con la ribera oriental del Dni
éper, cuya capital es Chernigov, la ribera occidental fue cedida a Mstislav, hasta su muerte en 1036, año en el que Yaroslav reunió nuevamente todo el territorio del Estado de Kiev bajo su mando.3

En su política exterior, Yaroslav contó con la alianza de Escandinavia e intentó debilitar la influencia del Imperio Bizantino en Kiev. En 1030 reconquistó Rutenia Rojo, y concluyó una alianza con el rey Casimiro I el Restaurador, cerrada con el
posterior casamiento de la hermana de Yaroslav, María. En otro exitoso asalto militar, ese mismo año, conquistó el hipotético fuerte estoniano de Tarbatu, donde construyó su propio fuerte, que recibió el nombre de Yuriev (por San Jorge, o Yury,
santo patrono de Yaroslav). Además forzó a la provincia circundante de Ungannians a pagar un tributo anual.

En 1043 Yaroslav dirigió un asalto naval contra Constantinopla inducido por su hijo Vladimir Vyshata. Aunque el ejército Rus fue derrotado en la Guerra Rus-Byzantina (1043), Yaroslav decidió terminar la guerra con un tratado favorable y el casami
ento prestigioso de su hijo Vsevolod con la hija del emperador. Se sugirió que la paz fue ventajosa debido a que los kieveños tomaron posesión del Imperio Bizantino en Crimea, Quersoneso.

Para defender a su estado de los Pechenegos y de otras tribus nómadas amenazadoras del sur, Yaroslav construyó una línea de fuertes, que abarcaban Yuriev, Boguslav, Kanev, Korsun y Pereyaslav. Para celebrar su decisiva victoria sobre los Pecheneg
os en 1036 (quienes nunca trataron con Kiev),5 este patrocinó la construcción de la catedral de Santa Sofía de Kiev, que fue uno de los edificios más representativos del siglo XI, en 1037.6 7 8 Otros celebrados monumentos de su reino, tales como
la Puerta de Oro de Kiev, sufrieron un grave deterioro.

Yaroslav fue un destacado patrocinador de libros de cultura y del aprendizaje. En 1051 tuvo un monje ruso, Ilarion (Hilario), que proclamó a Kiev metropolitana, cambiando de esta manera la antigua tradición bizantina de ubicar a los griegos en se
des episcopales. El discurso de Ilarion sobre Yaroslav y su padre Vladimir es a menudo citado como el primer trabajo de la literatura rusa.

Vida familiar y posteridad editarEn 1019, Yaroslav se casó con Ingegerd Olofsdotter, hija del rey de Suecia Olaf el Tesorero,9 y le dio la ciudad y condado de Ladoga como regalo de casamiento y parte del trato.10 Se presume que Yaroslav había e
stado casado anteriormente con una mujer llamada Anna.

En la catedral de Santa Sofía de Kiev uno puede ver un fresco que representa a la familia entera: Yaroslav, Irene (o Ingigerd, como era conocida en Rus) y sus cinco hijas y cinco hijos. Yaroslav casó a tres de sus hijas con príncipes extranjeros,
exiliados, que vivieron en su palacio: Isabel (Elizaveta) con Harald III de Noruega (que obtuvo su mano por sus hazañas militares en el Imperio Bizantino) Anastasia (Agmunda) con el futuro Andrés I de Hungría y su hija menor, Ana de Kiev, se cas
ó con Enrique I de Francia,9 que rigió en este país durante la minoría de edad de su hijo. Otra hija puede haber sido la Ágata que se casó con Eduardo el Exiliado, heredero del trono de Inglaterra, y que fue madre de Edgar Atheling y Santa Margar
ita. Su hija mayor Dobroniega o Dobroñeva (o segun otros fuentes su hermana) se casó con Casimiro I el Restaurador, rey de Polonia.

Sarcófago de Yaroslav I el Sabio.Yaroslav tuvo un hijo de su primer matrimonio con Anna, hija de Conrad de Swabia(?), (cuyo nombre cristiano era Ilya (1020†). Yaroslav le casó con Estrid-Margarita (?), hija de Svend I de Dinamarca), y seis hijos
de su segundo matrimonio. Teniendo en cuenta el daño que podría sobrevenir de las divisiones entre hermanos, les recomendó enfáticamente vivir en paz entre ellos. El mayor de estos, Vladimir de Nóvgorod, más conocido por haber construido la cate
dral de Santa Sofía de Nóvgorod, falleció antes que su padre (1020-1052). Tres de sus otros hijos—Iziaslav, Sviatoslav (1027-1076) y Vsevold (1030-1093)—reinaron en Kiev uno tras otro. Los hijos más jóvenes de Yaroslav eran Igor de Volinia (1036-
1060) y Vyacheslav de Smolensk (1036-1057).

Bibliografía editarMartin, Janet (1995). Medieval Russia, 980-1584. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36276-8.
Nazarenko, A. V. (2001). Drevniaia Rus’ na mezhdunarodnykh putiakh: mezhdistsiplinarnye ocherki kul’turnykh, torgovykh, politicheskikh sviazei IX-XII vekov (en Russian). Moscow: Russian History Institute. ISBN 5-7859-0085-8.
Polons’ka-Vasylenko, N. Kyïv chasiv Volodymyra ta Iaroslava (Prague 1944)
Tolochko, Petro. Sviatyi Volodymyr Iaroslav Mudryi (Kyiv 1996)

The Grand Duke or Czar of Russia. [BROOKES.GED]

Burke calls him Great Duke of Russia. Snorri Sturlasson call him Prince of
Holmgarth and shows his children as Holti-Nimble, Vissivald, Ellisif.

Donald Lines Jacobus (1883-1970), the "Founder of Scientific
Genealogy in America" wrote an article in The American Genealogist (TAG)
9:13-15 entitled "The House of Rurik." I quote: "To correct the many
errors that have appeared in print, and to aid those who follow thepastime
of tracing "royal ancestry," the following condensed account of the early
Rurikides is here printed. It is based in large part on "Genealogies et
Mariages Occidentaux des Rurikides Russes du Xe au XIIIe Siecle,"published
at Rome in 1927 as Vol. IX, No. 1, of *Orientalia Christiana.* The author,
N. de Baumgarten, is probably the best living authority on early Russian
history, and every statement made on the fourteen genealogical tables of
his monograph is fully supported by the citation of contemporary documents
and chronicles."

I am not attacking Jacobus, who is a giant among genealogists and
certainly needs no defenders. Neither am I disagreeing with Alexander
Agamov, in Moscow, who has pointed out that there is no credible evidence
that Rurik was ever "Prince of Kiev" and progenitor of the line beginning
with Igor, Grand Prince of Kiev, who married Olga. I hope Alexander Agamov
is reading this. Some historians and genealogists, Russians in particular,
have taken sharp issue with the theory that the Kievan Rus was founded by
a "Dane" rather than a "Slav"----and the evidence for "The Varangian
Theory" seems fragmentary and inconclusive, at best.

G. Andrews Moriarty and Walter L. Sheppard in TAG 28:91-95 also
quote the N. de Baumgarten material as authoritative [specifically
"Orientalia Christiana, No. 119, N. de Baumgarten, "Aux Origines de la
Russie," p. 79. Both Jacobus and Moriarty/Sheppard headline their charts
with "Rurik (d. 879) Grand Prince of Kiev." Jacobus probably did not read
10th to 13th century Russian. But--- some of us may.

For anyone who might conceivably have access to the original, 1927,
N. de Baumgarten source---is it provable that, "every statement made onthe
fourteen genealogical tables of his monograph is fully supported by the
citation of contemporary documents and chronicles?"

Or, is it possible that Jacobus and the other experts simply
trusted in N. de Baumgarten's scholarship and professionalism---and didnot
really check out the facts themselves. The Editor of a journal, such as
TAG, certainly cannot check out every fact and document himself. But, in
this particular case, Jacobus gives the N. de Baumgarten material his
personal imprimatur, as cited above [TAG 9:13, Paragraph 2]

So----has N. de Baumgarten in his "Orientalia Christiana"---dealing
with "The House of Rurik"---been totally discredited by subsequentrigorous
scholarship---or does his judgment still seem credible to some serious
scholars----or are there alternate explanations?

This is an intriguing question of interest to many folks who are
descended from Anne of Kiev (c. 1024-c.1066) [Anna Yaroslavna] who married
Henry I, King of France.
[Custer February 1, 2002 Family Tree.FTW]

[merge G675.FTW]

Burke calls him Great Duke of Russia. Snorri Sturlasson call him Prince of
Holmgarth and shows his children as Holti-Nimble, Vissivald, Ellisif.

Donald Lines Jacobus (1883-1970), the "Founder of Scientific
Genealogy in America" wrote an article in The American Genealogist (TAG)
9:13-15 entitled "The House of Rurik." I quote: "To correct the many
errors that have appeared in print, and to aid those who follow thepastime
of tracing "royal ancestry," the following condensed account of the early
Rurikides is here printed. It is based in large part on "Genealogies et
Mariages Occidentaux des Rurikides Russes du Xe au XIIIe Siecle,"published
at Rome in 1927 as Vol. IX, No. 1, of *Orientalia Christiana.* The author,
N. de Baumgarten, is probably the best living authority on early Russian
history, and every statement made on the fourteen genealogical tables of
his monograph is fully supported by the citation of contemporary documents
and chronicles."

I am not attacking Jacobus, who is a giant among genealogists and
certainly needs no defenders. Neither am I disagreeing with Alexander
Agamov, in Moscow, who has pointed out that there is no credible evidence
that Rurik was ever "Prince of Kiev" and progenitor of the line beginning
with Igor, Grand Prince of Kiev, who married Olga. I hope Alexander Agamov
is reading this. Some historians and genealogists, Russians in particular,
have taken sharp issue with the theory that the Kievan Rus was founded by
a "Dane" rather than a "Slav"----and the evidence for "The Varangian
Theory" seems fragmentary and inconclusive, at best.

G. Andrews Moriarty and Walter L. Sheppard in TAG 28:91-95 also
quote the N. de Baumgarten material as authoritative [specifically
"Orientalia Christiana, No. 119, N. de Baumgarten, "Aux Origines de la
Russie," p. 79. Both Jacobus and Moriarty/Sheppard headline their charts
with "Rurik (d. 879) Grand Prince of Kiev." Jacobus probably did not read
10th to 13th century Russian. But--- some of us may.

For anyone who might conceivably have access to the original, 1927,
N. de Baumgarten source---is it provable that, "every statement made onthe
fourteen genealogical tables of his monograph is fully supported by the
citation of contemporary documents and chronicles?"

Or, is it possible that Jacobus and the other experts simply
trusted in N. de Baumgarten's scholarship and professionalism---and didnot
really check out the facts themselves. The Editor of a journal, such as
TAG, certainly cannot check out every fact and document himself. But, in
this particular case, Jacobus gives the N. de Baumgarten material his
personal imprimatur, as cited above [TAG 9:13, Paragraph 2]

So----has N. de Baumgarten in his "Orientalia Christiana"---dealing
with "The House of Rurik"---been totally discredited by subsequentrigorous
scholarship---or does his judgment still seem credible to some serious
scholars----or are there alternate explanations?

This is an intriguing question of interest to many folks who are
descended from Anne of Kiev (c. 1024-c.1066) [Anna Yaroslavna] who married
Henry I, King of France.

Yaroslav I, byname YAROSLAV THE WISE, Russian YAROSLAV MUDRY (b. 980--d.Feb. 2, 1054), grand prince of Kiev from 1019 to 1054.
A son of the grand prince Vladimir, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at thetime of his father's death in 1015. Then his eldest surviving brother,Svyatopolk the Accursed, killed three of his other brothers and seizedpower in Kiev. Yaroslav, with the active support of the Novgorodians andthe help of Varangian (Viking) mercenaries, defeated Svyatopolk andbecame the grand prince of Kiev in 1019.
Yaroslav began consolidating the Kievan state through both cultural andadministrative improvements and through military campaigns. He promotedthe spread of Christianity in the Kievan state, gathered a largecollection of books, and employed many scribes to translate Greekreligious texts into the Slavic language. He founded churches andmonasteries and issued statutes regulating the legal position of theChristian Church and the rights of the clergy. With the help of Byzantinearchitects and craftsmen, Yaroslav fortified and beautified Kiev alongByzantine lines. He built the majestic Cathedral of St. Sophia and thefamous Golden Gate of the Kievan fortress. Under Yaroslav, thecodification of legal customs and princely enactments was begun, and thiswork served as the basis for a law code called the Russkaya Pravda("Russian Justice").
Yaroslav pursued an active foreign policy, and his forces won severalnotable military victories. He regained Galicia from the Poles,decisively defeated the nomadic Pechenegs on the Kievan state's southernfrontier, and expanded Kievan possessions in the Baltic region,suppressing the Lithuanians, Estonians, and Finnish tribes. His militarycampaign against Constantinople in 1043 was a failure, however.
Trade with the East and West played an important role in Kievan Rus inthe 11th century, and Yaroslav maintained diplomatic relations with theEuropean states. His daughters Elizabeth, Anna, and Anastasia weremarried respectively to Harald III of Norway, Henry I of France, andAndrew I of Hungary.
In his testament, Yaroslav sought to prevent a power struggle among hisfive sons by dividing his empire among them and enjoining the youngerfour sons to obey the eldest, Izyaslav, who was to succeed his father asgrand prince of Kiev. This advice had no lasting effect, and civil warensued after Yaroslav's death. {Britannica CD, 1997, YAROSLAV I]AncestralFile Number: 952M-GVYaroslav I the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev
Born in 978
Acceded in 1019
Died on Ferburary 20, 1054 at Kiev

Kievan Rus achieved its greatest power and splendor under Yaroslav theWise in the 11th century. Yaroslav made Kiev a great city and builtmagnificent buildings, including the notable Cathedral of Saint Sophia orHagia Sophia of Kiev. Yaroslav did much to develop Kievan Rus educationand culture. He also revised the first Russian law code, the so-calledRusskaya Pravda or Russian Justice. After his death in 1054, Kievan Rusdeclined. Yaroslav's grandson, Vladimir II Monomachus, made the finalattempt to unite Kievan Rus, but after his death in 1125 thefragmentation continued as other Kievan Rus principalities challengedKiev's supremacy.
By the 13th century, the East Slavic lands became a loose federation ofcity-states, held together by common language, religion, traditions, andcustoms. Although ruled by members of the house of Rurik, thesecity-states were often at war with one another. The area became an easytarget for bands of invading Asiatic Mongols.

.....Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 99. © 1993-1998 MicrosoftCorporation.
Yaroslav had a son, but the name of the mother is unknown:
Elias, Prince of Novgorod
Yaroslav married 1019 to Ingeborg Olafsdottir, a daughter of OlafSkötkonung, King of Sweden.
Yaroslav and Ingeborg had the following children:
Anne of Kiev
Izyaslav I, Prince of Kiev, 1054 - 1078, deposed 1068 - 1069 and 1073 -1076.
Svyatoslav II, Prince of Kiev, 1073 - 1076
Vsevolod I, Prince of Kiev, 1076 - 1093, deposed 1077 - 1078.
Ellisif ( or Elizabeth) of Kiev, married first in 1045 to Harald IIIHardrada, King of Norway, who was slain on September 25, 1066 at theBattle of Stamford Bridge. Ellisif married second in 1067 to Svend II,King of Denmark.
Valdimar ( or Holti) the Nimble, Prince of Novgorod, 1036 - 1052.
Anastasia Agmunda of Kiev, married circa 1046 to Andrew I, King ofHungary.
Viacheslav, Prince of Smolensk 1054 - 1056
Igor of Vladimir, Prince of Vladimir 1054 - 1060
Dobronega (or Maria) of Kiev, married 1038 to Casimir I, King of Poland.

Storfyrste av Kiew

Information....
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=e9197fa2-d592-414d-997d-2c14a1cc0bfc&tid=10145763&pid=-335371481

He conquered Kiev and killed his brother, Sviatopolk.

or 978

BIOGRAPHY
Jaroslav was the son of Vladimir I 'the Great', grand duke of Kiev and Novgorod, and Ragneda of Polatsk. When his father died in 1015, strife occurred between Jaroslav and his brothers. Svyatopolk, the eldest, murdered Boris, Gleb and Syvatoslav, and then was driven out by Jaroslav. His half-brother Izyaslav remained safe in Polatsk, and Sudislav was imprisoned. Until 1036 Mstislav in Tmutorokan prevented Jaroslav from being an absolute ruler as their father had been. Boris and Gleb were venerated as the first Russian saints.

Nothing is recorded about Jaroslav's first wife. In 1019 he married Ingegerd of Sweden, daughter of Olof III 'Skotkonung', king of Sweden, and Estrid of the Obotrites. They had five sons and three daughters who would have progeny.

Jaroslav, like his father, ruled for thirty-five years. He brought prosperity to Kiev while the arts and literature flourished, and the cathedral of St. Sophia was built. In 1030 he conquered Estonia and a year later, with his brother Mstislav's support, he attacked Poland. Mstislav died in 1036, leaving Jaroslav as the sole ruler. At last he defeated the Pechenegs; in the ensuing peace Christianity flourished and new monasteries were built. Before his death on 20 February 1054 he divided his lands between his five sons.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingold_I
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inge_I_of_Sweden

Yaroslav I the Wise
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=489c68cf-9ed5-47d9-8c64-883abfec2e67&tid=2440653&pid=-1135594653

Line 3075 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:
NAME Yaroslav I "The Wise" Grand Duke Of /KIEV/

Jarisleif, Laroslav
"le Sage" [Madry], "the Wise"
Grand Duke (or Prince) of KIEV & Novgorod, von KIEW,
He deposed his brother Svyatopolk who had killed two other brothers.
During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached a zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.

5 daughters and 5 sons

He conquered Kiev and killed his brother, Sviatopolk.

Jaroslav I (kalt Jaroslav den vise) (født i 978, død i 1054) (russisk: ???????, kristennavn: Georg, Norrønt: Jarizleifr) var storfyrste av Kievriket fra 1019 til 1054. Han var sønn av Vladimir I og Rogneda av Polotsk (noen kilder sier Anna av Bysants).

Etter sin fars død i 1015 kjempet Jaroslav lenge mot sine brødre om tronen, og søkte støtte i Sverige. Han erobret med hjelp av væringene Kiev i 1019. Under hans styre blomstret kirken, kulturen og den militære makten markant. Under Jaroslavs styre ble den første lovboken for riket utgitt, Russkaja pravda.

Jaroslav var gift med den svenske prinsessen Ingegjerd Olofsdatter som opprinnelig var lovet bort til Olav Haraldsson, og som på sine gamle dager gikk i kloster og ble helgenkåret som den hellige Anna av Novgorod. Jaroslav og Ingegerd var vertskap for Olav og hans følge da de gikk i eksil i Russland før Stiklestad.

Hans datter Elisaveta Yaroslavna, eller Ellisiv av Kiev som hun kalles i norsk tradisjon, ble gift med kong Harald Hardråde.

Sons:
Vladimir of Novgorod
Iziaslav
Sviatoslav
Vsevolod
Igor of Volynia
Vyacheslav of Smolensk

Daughters:
Elizabeth to Harald III of Norway
Anastasia to the future Andrew I of Hungary
Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France.
Another daughter may have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile

1 NAME the Wise //
2 GIVN the Wise
2 SURN
2 NICK the Wise

_P_CCINFO 2-2438

Jaroslav i Novogorod slutar år 1014 att betala tribut till sin far Vladimir. År 1015 kallar han till sig varjager och fadern Vladimir dör samma år. Mellan åren 1016 och 1019 är det krig mellan Jaroslav och hans bror Svjatopolk; Jaroslav segrar slutligen med hjälp av varjager. År 1019 äktar han Olof Skötkonungs dotter Ingegerd. Jaroslav får år 1024 hjälp av varjaghövdingen Håkon 'den fagra' mot sin bror Mstislav, men besegras. År 1026 blir det fred mellan Jaroslav och Mstislav, riket delas längs Dnepr. Brodern Mstislav dör år 1036 och Jaroslav blir ensam härskare i Rus. Han kristnade stora delar av sitt rike och lät utarbeta Rysslands första lagsamling 'Pravda'. Deres döttrar blev gifta med kungarna Harald 'Hårdråde' av Norge, Andreas I av Ungern och Henrik I av Frankrike. Den sistnämnde blev stamfader för alla franska kungar. (Källor: Mats G. Larsson, Kjell Høyer, Norge och Bra Böcker)

Storfyrste. Født ca. 988. Død 20.02.1054 i Vyshorod. Jaroslav var storfyrste av Novgorod og Kiev fra 1019 og enehersker over hele Russland fra 1036.Sønnene til Jaroslav og hans hustru Ingegjerd ble stamfedre til ulike grener av den russiske storfyrsteslekten. En av disse ble det første tsarhuset, dette døde ut i 1598. Deres døtre ble gift med kongene Harald Hardråde av Norge, Andreas I av Ungarn og Henrik I av Frankrike. Den sistnevnte ble stamfar for alle senere franske konger. Jaroslav 1, 978-1054, storfyrste i Kijev; sønn av Vladimir den store. Ektet Olof Skötkonungs datter Ingegerd; deres datter, Ellisiv, ble gift med Harald Hardråde. La under seg en stor del av Russland. Utarbeidet kirkelover og Russlands første lovsamling. (Källa: Kjell Høyer, Norge)

Väringar (på ryska varjager) kallades nordiska krigare som under vikingatid och tidig medeltid tog tjänst som legosoldater i den bysantinske kejsarens livvakt. De var samtidigt ungefär 500 till antalet och ryktbara för tapperhet och trohet mot sin herre. Efter normandernas erövring av England vid 1000-talets mitt ersattes de nordiska soldaterna successivt av anglosaxiska. (Källa: Bra Böcker)

Källa:http://web.telia.com/~u63113426/p9804cc3b.html

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Voorouders (en nakomelingen) van Ярослав I 'Мудрий' I Владимирович

Святослав Игоревич Velikij Knjaz Velikij Knjaz
± 942-± 972

Predslava Árpád(házi)
± 935-????

Rogvolod (Ragnvald) "the Old" Polotsk
± 920-± 980

Ingeborg Tryggvesdtr
± 961-????

Saint Vladimir I "Velikiy" "the Great" of Russia Sviatoslavich
± 950-1015

Rogneda / Рогнеда Полоцкая / of Polotsk of Sweden
± 962-± 1002

Ярослав I 'Мудрий' I Владимирович
± 978-1054

Ingegerd "Anna of Novgorod" "Heliga Anna av Novgorod" Olofsdotter
± 1001-1050



Володимѣръ I Ярославич ± 1036-1052	Анна Агнесса Ярославна ± 1032-1089	Izyaslav Yaroslavich князь князь ± 1025-1078	Анастасія / Anastasia / Agmunda riurikova Kiev ± 1023-± 1074	Всеволод Ярославич Киевский ± 1030-1093

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Doopdag 3 maart 1931

Doopdag 3 maart 1931

De temperatuur op 3 maart 1931 lag tussen -2.1 °C en 4,7 °C en was gemiddeld 0.7 °C. Er was 2,4 uur zonneschijn (22%). De gemiddelde windsnelheid was 2 Bft (zwakke wind) en kwam overheersend uit het zuid-westen. Bron: KNMI
Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was van 1890 tot 1948 vorst van Nederland (ook wel Koninkrijk der Nederlanden genoemd)
Van 10 augustus 1929 tot 26 mei 1933 was er in Nederland het kabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck III met als eerste minister Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP).
In het jaar 1931: Bron: Wikipedia
- Nederland had zo'n 7,9 miljoen inwoners.
- 26 januari » In Groningen botst een passagierstrein uit Nieuweschans ter hoogte van de Lodewijkstraat op een rangerende goederentrein. Er vallen drie doden en vijf gewonden.
- 12 februari » Ingebruikneming van Radio Vaticana door Paus Pius XI. De zendinstallatie is ontworpen door Guglielmo Marconi.
- 3 maart » De Verenigde Staten adopteren "The Star-Spangled Banner" als het nationale volkslied.
- 14 april » Oprichting van de Spaanse voetbalclub Granada CF.
- 17 september » RCA brengt zijn eerste grammofoonplaat uit.
- 9 december » Spanje wordt een republiek.

Dezelfde geboorte/sterftedag

Ook overleden op 20 februari

Bron: Wikipedia

1171 » Conan IV van Bretagne (33), zoon van Bertha van Bretagne en van Alan III
1194 » Tancred van Sicilië, koning van Sicilië
1513 » Johan van Denemarken (58), koning van Denemarken
690 » Eticho I (50), Frankisch hertog
702 » K'inich K'an B'alam II (66), heerser van Palenque
970 » García I van Navarra (51), koning van Navarra

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Doopdag 3 maart 1931

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