Zij is getrouwd met Otto II. 'der Rote' römisch-deutscher Kaiser.
Zij zijn getrouwd op 14 april 972 te Roma, Provincia di Roma, Latium, Italy, zij was toen 16 jaar oud.
Kind(eren):
Theophanu römisch-deutscher Kaiser (geboren Kaiserin des Heiligen Römischen Reiches)<br>Namen gehuwden: Holy Roman EmpireSklerainaΣκλήραινα<br>Ook bekend als: Θεοφανώ Σκλήραινα (Greek)Theophana SclerenaTheophania (Θεοφάνια), Theophana, TheophanoHer name is derived from Medieval Greek Theophaneia (Θεοφάνεια), "appearance of God" (Theophany).Theophanu von Byzanz, GrichenlandEmpress Theophanu ConsortTheophano SklerainaΘεοφανώ ΣκλήραιναEmpress Theophanu Skleraina Holy Roman EmpireΘεοφανώ<br>Geslacht: Vrouw<br>Geboorte: 956 - Constantinople, Byzantine Empire<br>Doop: Ongeveer 956<br>Huwelijk: 14 apr 972 - Roma, Provincia di Roma, Latium, Italy<br>Overlijden: 15 jun 991 - Nijmegen, Gemeente Nijmegen, Gelderland, Niederlande<br>Begrafenis: Köln, Regierungsbezirk Köln, North Rhine-Westphalia, Deutschland<br>Ouders: Konstantinos Skleros Patrikios von Byzanz, Prinzessin von Byzanz Sophia Skleros (geboren Phokaina)<br>Echtgenoot: Otto II. 'der Rote' römisch-deutscher Kaiser<br>Kinderen: Adelheid von Sachsen Abbess of Quedlinburg, Sophia Äbtissin von Gandersheim und Essen, Mathilde von Lothringen (geboren von Sachsen), Otto Kaiser Holy Roman Empire German III, Princess Otehilde<br> Aanvullende informatie: <br> <br>TitleOfNobility: Princess of the Byzantine Empire<br>LifeSketch: Theophanu (German pronunciation: [te.o.fa.ˈnuː]; also Theophania, Theophana, or Theophano; Medieval Greek Θεοφανώ;[1] c. AD 955 - 15 June 991) was empress of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Emperor Otto II, and regent of the Empire during the minority of their son, Emperor Otto III, from 983 until her death in 991. She was the niece of the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes. She was known to be a forceful and capable ruler. Her status in the history of the Empire in many ways was exceptional. According to Wilson, "She became the only consort to receive the title 'co-empress' (coimperatrix augusta), and it was envisaged she would succeed as sole ruler if Otto II died without a son."[2]ed on 14 April 972 Theophanu is identified as the neptis (niece or granddaughter) of Emperor John I Tzimiskes (925-976, reigned 969-976) who was of Armenian and Byzantine Greek descent. She was of distinguished noble heritage: the Vita Mahthildis identifies her as augusti de palatio and the Annales Magdeburgenses describe her as Grecam illustrem imperatoriae stirpi proximam, ingenio facundam.[3] Recent research tends to concur that she was most probably the daughter of Tzimiskes' brother-in-law (from his first marriage) Constantine Skleros (c. 920-989) and cousin Sophia Phokas, the daughter of Kouropalatēs Leo Phokas, brother of Emperor Nikephoros II (c. 912-969).[4][5][6][7]Thietmar of Merseburg writes that the Ottonian preference was for Anna Porphyrogenita, a daughter of late Emperor Romanos II. Theophanu's uncle John I Tzimiskes had overthrown his predecessor Nikephoros II Phokas in 969. Theophanu was escorted back to Rome for her wedding by a delegation of German and Italian churchmen and nobles. When the Ottonian court discovered Theophanu was not a scion of the Macedonian dynasty, as had been assumed, Otto I was told by some to send Theophanu away. His advisors believed that Theophanu's relation to the usurper John Tzimiskes would invalidate the marriage as a confirmation of Otto I as Holy Roman Emperor.[8] He was persuaded to allow her to stay when it was pointed out that John Tzimiskes had wed Theodora, a member of the Macedonian dynasty and sister to Emperor Romanos II.[9] John was therefore a Macedonian, by marriage if not by birth. Otto I must have been convinced, because Theophanu and Otto's heir, Otto II, were married on 14 April 972.rence by the Pope to Emperor Nikephoros II as "Emperor of the Greeks"[10] in a letter while Otto's ambassador, Bishop Liutprand of Cremona, was at the Byzantine court, had destroyed the first round of marriage negotiations.[11] With the ascension of John I Tzimiskes, who had not been personally referred to other than as Roman Emperor, the treaty negotiations were able to resume. However, not until a third delegation led by Archbishop Gero of Cologne arrived in Constantinople, were they successfully completed. After the marriage negotiations completed, Theophanu and Otto II were married by Pope John XIII in April 972 and she was crowned as Holy Roman Empress the same day in Rome. According to Karl Leysers' book Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: Carolingian and Ottonian, Otto I's choice was not "to be searched for in the parlance of high politics" as his decision was ultimately made on the basis of securing his dynasty with the birth of the next Ottonian emperor.[8] to Laura Wangerin, her father-in-law Otto the Great played an instrumental role in establishing her position as a future ruler. But despite his support, she met a lot of opposition and envy due to her foreign origins and education. After his death in 973, she lost her greatest support at court.[12][13]s journeys, and she is mentioned in approximately one quarter of the emperor's formal documents - evidence of her privileged position, influence and interest in affairs of the empire. It is known that she was frequently at odds with her mother-in-law, Adelaide of Italy. The young couple and Adelaide collided with each other in several matters, including Adelaide's early association with Henry the Quarrelsome.[13][14] According to Abbot Odilo of Cluny, Adelaide was very happy when "that Greek woman" died.[15] 973 Reichstag in Worms, after which they traveled the country together, searching for new alliances and strengthening old ties. The young Theophanu showed diplomatic skills and displayed herself as an active partner in political negotiations.[13]ntroduced new luxurious garments and jewelry into France and Germany.[16] The theologian Peter Damian even asserts that Theophanu had a love affair with John Philagathos, a Greek monk who briefly reigned as Antipope John XVI.[17]ng a diet held on Pentecost of that year at Verona. At Christmas, Theophanu had him crowned by the Mainz archbishop Willigis at Aachen Cathedral, with herself ruling as Empress Regent on his behalf. Upon the death of Emperor Otto II, Bishop Folcmar of Utrecht released his cousin, the Bavarian duke Henry the Quarrelsome from custody.[18] Duke Henry allied with Archbishop Warin of Cologne and seized his nephew Otto III in spring 984, while Theophanu was still in Italy in the royal palace of Pavia.[19] Nevertheless he was forced to surrender the child to his mother, who was backed by Archbishop Willigis of Mainz and Bishop Hildebald of Worms.s, from May 985 to her death in 991, despite early opposition by the Ottonian court. In fact, many queens in the tenth century, on an account of male rulers dying early deaths, found themselves in power, creating an age of greater diversity. Her power as queen, empress and regent was based on the basis of Saxon tradition (which assigned the women an equal role in the family), Byzantine influence (which presented a model of a female counterpart to the emperor) and her mother-in-law Adelaide's legacy.[20][21][22] Theophanu and her mother-in-law, Adelaide, are known during the empress' regency to have butted heads frequently--Adelaide of Italy is even quoted as referring to her as "that Greek empress."[23] Theophanu's rivalry with her mother-in-law, according to historian and author Simon Maclean, is overstated. Theophanu's "Greekness" was not an overall issue. Moreover, there was a grand fascination with the culture surrounding Byzantine court in the west that slighted most criticisms to her Greek origin.[23]of seventy-six times during the reign of her husband Otto II-perhaps a foreshadowing of her regency.[8] Her first act as regent was in securing her son, Otto III, as the heir to the Holy Roman Empire. Theophanu also placed her daughters in power by giving them high positions in influential nunneries all around the Ottonian-ruled west, securing power for all her children.[8] She welcomed ambassadors, declaring herself "imperator" or "imperatrix", as did her relative contemporaries Irene of Athens and Theodora; the starting date for her reign being 972, the year of her marriage to the late Otto II.[24] Theophanu's regency is a time of considerable peace, as the years 985-991 passed without major crises.sent envoys to Vladimir the Great of Kiev, who was married to the Byzantine princess Anna, (sister of Emperor Basil II. Economou notes that, "Theophano had in mind a 'family of kings,' in parallel to Byzantine tradition: The emperor was the 'father' of other kings, who were his 'sons' and 'friends' (amici) in a kind of family hierarchy. She also adopted the Byzantine model of relations between the emperor and patriarch in her relations to the pope (Ostrogorsky 1956b). The 'family' of the western empire included the duke of Poland, Mieszko I, Bohemia and Hungary".[25] Her model of imperial rulership, influenced by Byzantine and Ancient Roman ideas, was taken over by Otto II and especially Otto III who developed it further (although his abrupt death at a very young age prevented it from becoming an established foundation for the future).[26]he core of governing the empire. Althoff highlights this as unusual, since kings or emperors in the middle ages rarely shared such a large beacon of empirical power with nobility.[27]duced Byzantine protocol, "which influenced dress, crowns and jewelry, eating habits and utensils, even furniture". Her retinue of scholars brought to the Empire Byzantine lawyers' procedures. The cult of Saint Nicholas in the Empire traces its origin from her too.[28]
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