Latinus of Latinos is een personage uit de Griekse en Romeinse mythologie.
Griekse mythologie
In Theogonia, een werk van Hesiodus was Latinus de zoon van Odysseus en Circe, en heerste hij samen met zijn broers Ardeas en Telegonus over de Tyrrheniërs, hier een verwijzing naar de Etrusken. Latere auteurs verwezen naar Latinus als de zoon van Pandora [1] en broer van Graecus[2], maar volgens Hesodius had Graecus drie broers, waaronder ook Hellen. Hun moeder, Pandora, was de dochter van Deukalion en Pyrrha.
Romeinse mythologie
In de latere Romeinse mythologie wordt naar Latinus (ook wel Lavinius) verwezen als een zoon van Faunus en Marica, en een koning van de Latijnen.
Hij ontving onder meer het leger van Trojanen onder leiding van Aeneas. Latinus had in vroegere tijden voorspellingen gehoord over een vreemd volk dat eens zou komen en dat dit volk machtig zou worden. Om Aeneas gunstig te stemmen bood hij daarom zijn dochter, Lavinia, aan hem aan. Lavinia was echter door haar moeder, Amata, beloofd aan Turnus, stamhoofd der Rutuli. Turnus, die werd opgehitst door één van de Furiën, riep op tot een oorlog tegen de Trojanen.
Die oorlog kwam er, maar Aeneas had nog tijd genoeg om met zijn mannen en fort te bouwen en bondgenoten te vinden in de omgeving. Na een veldslag gewonnen door de Trojanen, trok Turnus zich terug. Aeneas wilde niet dat er vele onschuldigen zouden sterven en bood een duel aan, om hiermee de oorlog te beëindigen. Turnus accepteerde dit. Maar Hera speelde hem parten en het liep weer uit op een veldslag. Toen de veldslag al enige tijd duurde zeiden Turnus en Aeneas dat hun mannen moesten stoppen met vechten, en maakten ze zich alsnog klaar voor een duel. Aeneas, die veel ouder, geroutineerder en sterker was dan de jonge Turnus, won het duel. Zo kwam er een einde aan de oorlogen en werd Lavinia de vrouw van Aeneas.
Latinus (Latin: Latinus) was a figure in both Greek and Roman mythology.
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Greek mythology
In Hesiod's Theogony,[1] Latinus was the son of Odysseus and Circe who ruled the Tyrsenoi, presumably the Etruscans, with his brothers Ardeas and Telegonus. Latinus is also referred to, by much later authors, as the son of Pandora II and brother of Graecus[2] although according to Hesiod, Graecus had three brothers, Hellen, Magnitas, and Macedon with the first being the father of Doros, Xuthos, and Aeolos.
Roman mythology
In later Roman mythology (notably Virgil's Aeneid), Latinus, or Lavinius, was a king of the Latins. He is sometimes described as the son of Faunus and Marica, and father of Lavinia with his wife, Amata. He hosted Aeneas's army of exiled Trojans and offered them the option of reorganizing their life in Latium. His wife Amata wished his daughter Lavinia to be betrothed to Turnus, king of the Rutuli, but Faunus and the gods insisted that he give her instead to Aeneas; Turnus consequently declared war on Aeneas and was killed two weeks into the conflict. Ascanius, the son of Aeneas, later founded Alba Longa and was the first in a long series of kings leading to Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome all the way down to Julius Caesar. This version is not properly compatible with the Greek one: the Trojan War had ended only eight years earlier, and Odysseus only met Circe a couple of months later, so any son of the pair could only be seven years old, whereas the Roman Latinus had an adult daughter by this time.
The Latin kings of Alba Longa, also referred to as the Latin kings of Rome or Alban kings of Rome, are a series of legendary kings of Latium ruling mainly from Alba Longa. In the mythic tradition of the founding of Rome, they fill the 400-year gap between the settlement of Aeneas in Italy and the establishing of the city walls of Rome by Romulus and Remus. It was this line of descent to which the Julii claimed kinship.
After the defeat and destruction of Alba Longa and the incorporation of Latium into the Roman state, the Alban kingship is succeeded by the series of kings usually called "Etruscan," though only a few members of this line were brought in from neighboring Etruria to reign.
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Background
For more details on this topic, see Alba Longa.
In Roman mythology, the Kingdom of Alba Longa was an ancient monarchy located in the present-day region of Latium in Italy.[1] Its capital was Alba Longa but it included other cities such as Lavinium and Latium.[2][3] Although archaeology has confirmed that Rome was founded by a colony of people from Alba Longa, there are no historical records for the period.[4]
According to legend, after the fall of Troy, the Trojan prince Aeneas led a band of refugees driven by destiny to found a new city, eventually arriving in Italy. The traditional date of the war was established by Eratosthenes as 1183 BC, leaving a gap of some four centuries until the traditional founding of Rome in 753 BC. The genealogy of the Alban kings justified the close ties between Rome and its Latin communities, and enhanced the status of Latin families who could claim descent from a legendary ancestor. Such was the eagerness to claim a Trojan pedigree in the Late Republic that 15 different lists of the Alban kings from Aeneas to Romulus survive.[5]
The son of Aeneas was Ascanius, also known as Iulus, from which the gens name Iulius, as in Gaius Julius Caesar, was supposed to derive. Ascanius is the legendary founder of Alba Longa. His successor was Silvius, his half-brother and the son of Aeneas and Lavinia, and the grandson of Latinus. They never ruled from Alba Longa but resided in Lavinium. Although the exact location of Alba Longa remains difficult to prove, there is archaeological evidence of Iron Age settlements in the area traditionally identified as the site.
The names on the list are formed variously. Some are based on place names around Rome, such as Tiberinus, Aventinus, Alba, and Capetus. Others are rationalizations of mythical figures, or pure inventions to provide notable ancestors for status-seeking Roman families
Hij is getrouwd met Amata.
Zij zijn getrouwd
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