Stamboom Bas » Guillaume (Willem) "met de Hoorn" van Gellone (752-812)

Persoonlijke gegevens Guillaume (Willem) "met de Hoorn" van Gellone 

• Hij is geboren in het jaar 752.
• (Geschiedenis) .Bron 1

  Willem met de Hoorn ook wel: Willem met de Korte Neus, Guilhem, Guillaume au Cornet, Guillaume d'Orange (niet te verwarren met Willem van Oranje) Guillaume de Gellone (cira 752 - 28 mei (?), circa 812) was een legendarische middeleeuwse persoon. Hij was hertog van Aquitanië, graaf van Toulouse en ook de eerste graaf van Orange.
  
  Hoeveel van de verhalen over deze legendarische figuur op feit of fictie berust is niet precies te zeggen. Hij zou in 752 geboren zijn als zoon van ene Theodoric, graaf van Autun. Zijn moeder zou Aldana geweest zijn, een dochter van Karel Martel. Zijn schoonbroer was Fulgaud van Rouergue, gehuwd met zijn zuster Senegonde.
  
  Hij was een neef en paladijn van Karel de Grote. Die stelde hem aan als voogd over zijn minderjarige zoon Lodewijk de Vrome, die koning van Aquitanië was. Willem mocht zich daarom tot de meerderjarigheid van Lodewijk hertog van Aquitianië noemen. Ook vocht Willem in het zuiden van Frankrijk tegen de Saracenen. Bij één van die gevechten sloeg een Saraceen hem een stuk van zijn neus af, wat hem de bijnaam "Guillaume au Court Nez" (Willem met de Korte Neus) opleverde. Later verbasterde dit naar "Guillaume au Cornet" (Willem met de Hoorn). Tijdens zijn strijd tegen de Saracenen veroverde hij onder andere het gebied rond Orange. Dit gebied werd hem later door Karel de Grote in leen gegeven, waarmee hij de eerste Graaf van Orange werd.
  
  Willem was gehuwd met Cunegonde en met Guiburge, en werd de vader van Bernard van Septimanië. Na de dood van zijn vrouw, de gekerstende dochter van een Saraceense vorst, werd Willem heremiet en stichtte een klooster in Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert. Nadat hij Karel de Grote nog éénmaal te hulp was gekomen bij een opstand in Parijs, overleed hij op 28 mei 812 of 814 in het door hem gestichte klooster. Hij werd twee maal heilig verklaard, de tweede maal was in 1066 door Paus Alexander II.
  
  Zijn daden worden onder andere beschreven in La Geste de Garin de Monglane, een middeleeuws Frans heldendicht, en in Spieghel historiael, een 13e-eeuwse kroniek van Jacob van Maerlant.
  Willem en de Oranje-Nassaus
  
  Ten onrechte werd deze Willem soms als stamvader van de Oranje-Nassaus gezien. Dit is onjuist, maar er is wel een relatie tussen de titel die hij voerde en de tegenwoordige titel Prins van Oranje. Willem was, doordat hij Orange in leen verkreeg van Karel de Grote, de eerste graaf van Orange. Een van zijn nazaten liet alleen een dochter na, die trouwde met een telg uit het geslacht Baux uit de Provence. Keizer Frederik Barbarossa verhief Orange in 1182 tot prinsdom. Later trouwde een dochter uit het Huis Baux met een telg uit het huis Châlon. Toen in 1530 de laatste mannelijke telg, Philibert van Châlon kinderloos sneuvelde, liet deze Orange na aan zijn neef René van Nassau, waarmee Orange in de handen van de Nassaus kwam. René was via zijn moeder Claudia van Châlon wel verwant met het geslacht Baux en daarmee met Willem met de Hoorn. Zijn neef Willem van Oranje was echter geen bloedverwant van Willem met de Hoorn, hij erfde slechts de titel 'Prins van Oranje'. Door dit misverstand werd in 1815 nog de door koning Willem I ingestelde Militaire Willems-Orde op advies van de Hoge Raad van Adel naar hem vernoemd.

• (Levens event) .Bron 2

  Saint William of Gellone (755 – 28 May (traditional) 812/4) was the second Count of Toulouse from 790 until his replacement in 811. His Occitan name is Guilhem, and he is known in French as Guillaume d'Orange, Guillaume Fierabrace, and the Marquis au court nez.
  
  He is the hero of the Chanson de Guillaume, an early chanson de geste, and of several later sequels, which were categorized by thirteenth-century poets as the geste of Garin de Monglane. Another early product of oral traditions about William is a Latin Vita ("Biography"), written before the 11th century, according to Jean Mabillon, or during the 11th century according to the Bollandist Godfrey Henschen.
  
  William was born in northern France in the mid-8th century. He was a cousin of Charlemagne (his mother Aldana was daughter of Charles Martel) and the son of Thierry IV, Count of Autun and only nominally of Toulouse. As a kinsman and trusted comes he spent his youth in the court of Charlemagne. In 788, the Count of Toulouse, Chorso, was captured by the Basque Adalric, and made to swear an oath of allegiance to the Duke of Gascony, Lupus II. Upon his release Charlemagne replaced him with his Frankish cousin William (790). William in turn successfully subdued the Gascons.
  
  In 793, Hisham I (called by the Franks Hescham), the successor of Abd ar-Rahman I, proclaimed a holy war against the Christians to the north. He amassed an army of 100,000 men, half of which attacked the Kingdom of Asturias while the other half invaded Languedoc, penetrating as far as Narbonne.
  
  William met this force and defeated them. He met the Muslim forces again near the river Orbieu at Villedaigne but was defeated, though his obstinate resistance exhausted the Muslim forces so much that they retreated to Spain. In 801, William commanded along with Louis King of Aquitaine a large expedition of Franks, Burgundians, Provençals, Aquitanians, Gascons (Basques) and Goths that captured Barcelona from the Moors.
  
  In 804, he founded the monastery of Gellone (now Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert) near Lodève in the diocese of Maguelonne, which he placed under the general control of Benedict of Aniane, whose monastery was nearby. He retired as a monk there in 806 where he eventually died on the 28 May 812 (or 814). His feast is on that date.
  
  Among his gifts to the abbey he founded was a piece of the True Cross, a present from his cousin Charlemagne, who reportedly wept at his death. Charlemagne had received the relic from the Patriarch of Jerusalem according to the Vita of William. When he died, it was said the bells at Orange rang on their own accord. He mentioned both his family and monastery in his will. [1]. He granted property to Gellone and placed the monastery under the perpetual control of the abbots of Aniane. It became a subject of contention however as the reputation of William grew. So many pilgrims were attracted to Gellone that his corpse was exhumed from the modest site in the narthex and given a more prominent place under the choir, to the intense dissatisfaction of the Abbey of Aniane. A number of forged documents and assertions were produced on each side that leave details of actual history doubtful. The Abbey was a major stop for pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela. Its late 12th century Romanesque cloister, systematically dismantled during the French revolution, found its way to The Cloisters in New York. The Sacramentary of Gellone, dating to the late 8th century, is a famous manuscript.
  
  His Family:
  
  His will of 28 January 804, names his living wives Gunegunde and Guitburgi, his deceased parents, Teuderico and Aldana, two brothers, Teudoino and Adalelmo, two sisters, Abbana and Bertana, four sons, Barnardo, Guitcario, Gotcelmo, and Helmbruc, no daughters, and one nephew, Bertrano.[1] His wife Guitburgi is said to have been the widow of the Moorish wali of Orange taken by William in his battles against the Umayyad army of Hisham I in and around the county of Narbona about 793-796. His son Barnardo is said to have been by Guitburgi. Her Muslim name was Orable(which does not sound Muslim) before she was christened.[2] It is not clear if she married William or was held in concubinage, although he calls her his wife in his will.
  William in romance
  Main article: La Geste de Garin de Monglane
  
  William's faithful service to Charlemagne is portrayed as an example of feudal loyalty. William's career battling Saracens is sung in epic poems in the 12th and 13th century cycle called La Geste de Garin de Monglane, some two dozen chansons de geste that actually center around William, the great-grandson of the largely legendary Garin.
  
  One section of the cycle, however, is devoted to the feats of his father, there named Aymeri de Narbonne, who has received Narbonne as his seigniory after his return from Spain with Charlemagne. Details of the "Aymeri" of the poem are conflated with a later historic figure who was truly the viscount of Narbonne from 1108 to 1134. In the chanson he is awarded Ermengart, daughter of Didier, and sister of Boniface, king of the Lombards. Among his seven sons and five daughters (one of whom marries Louis the Pious) is William.
  
  The defeat of the Moors at Orange was given legendary treatment in the 12th century epic La Prise d'Orange. There, he was made Count of Toulouse in the stead of the disgraced Chorso, then King of Aquitaine in 778. He is difficult to separate from the legends and poems that gave him feats of arms, lineage and titles: Guillaume Fièrebras, Guillaum au Court-Nez (broken in a battle with a giant), Guillaum de Narbonne, Guillaume d'Orange. His wife is said to have been a converted Saracen, Orable later christened Guibourc.
  Later references
  
  In 1972 historian Arthur Zuckerman published A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France, a book about the dynasty of Makhir of Narbonne published by Columbia University Press. In that book Zuckerman argued that it was possible that William of Gellone was in fact one of the sons of Makhir, who he identified with the individual known in medieval sources as "Theodoric, King of the Jews of Septimania." Zuckerman made no definitive conclusions on this point, and the suggestion has since been refuted. (Graboïs, Aryeh, "Une Principaute Juive dans la France du Midi a l'Époque Carolingienne?", Annales du Midi, 85: 191-202 (1973); N.L. Taylor, "Saint William, King David, and Makhir: a Controversial Medieval Descent", The American Genealogist, 72: 205-223.)
  
  William, listed under the name "Guillem de Gellone", is a prominent figure in the pseudohistorical book Holy Blood Holy Grail. The book claims that William was the son of Theodoric, and that since Theodoric was Merovingian, that meant that William was Merovingian as well, and plus was a "Jew of royal blood". The book goes on to state that "modern scholarship and research have proved Guillem's Judaism beyond dispute." It should be noted, however, that many other claims in the book which were listed as "fact", were later proven to be false (such as the existence of the Priory of Sion), because the authors were basing much of their researches on "medieval documents" which were later shown to be forgeries.
  
  The importance of citing William's noble heritage and Judaism, was so that the authors could prove a genealogical link between the House of David, the Merovingian nobility, and France, in order to make a case that the Holy Grail was actually the bloodline of Jesus that had worked its way into the bloodline of Frankish royalty. This line of reasoning was later incorporated into the plot of the bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code and from there into various television documentaries.

• Hij is overleden op 28 mei 812, hij was toen 60 jaar oud.
• Een kind van Theoderic I Makir van Autun en Oda van Herstal
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 15 november 2012.

Gezin van Guillaume (Willem) "met de Hoorn" van Gellone

(1) Hij is getrouwd met Cunegonde van Withburge d'Austrasië.

Zij zijn getrouwd.Bron 1

Kind(eren):

1. Herbert Helmbruc  
2. Gotcelmo van Toulouse (Gellone)  
3. Guitcario van Toulouse (Gellone)  
4. Kunigunde van Laon  797-> 835 

(2) Hij is getrouwd met Guibour von Hornbach.

Zij zijn getrouwd.Bron 3

Kind(eren):

1. Rotlinde van Gellone  789-> 820 
2. Bernard I van Septimanië  795-844 

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