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Persoonlijke gegevens Harald I "Blauwtand" van Denemarken 

• Hij is geboren in het jaar 910.
• (Geschiedenis) .Bron 1

  Harald Blauwtand of Harald de Goede Gormsson (Deens Harald Blåtand, Noors Harald Blåtann, Duits Harald Blauzahn) (ca. 910 - 1 november 986) was de tweede koning van Denemarken toen hij de troon overnam van zijn vader Gorm de Oude. Hij wordt soms Harald II genoemd.
  
  Ook al hadden zijn voorgangers het christendom in Denemarken ingevoerd, op aandringen van de Karolingen van het Frankische Rijk in 826, was dit geloof nog steeds niet overheersend in de noordse koninkrijken. Tussen 960 en 965 bekeerde Harald zich, ofwel om politieke motieven, ofwel vanwege overtuiging. Tegelijkertijd werd zijn ganse familie gedoopt, waarnonder ook zijn zoon Sven Gaffelbaard. Harald richtte zetels op voor bisschoppen te Sleeswijk, Ribe en Aarhus.
  
  De Noorse koning Harald II (Eriksson) Grijshuid werd door Haakon Sigurdsson, graaf van Lade en Harald Blauwtand in een val gelokt en vermoord. Zodoende verenigde Harald Denemarken en Noorwegen tot een koninkrijk.
  
  Hoeveel vrouwen Harald had is onzeker, maar Thora, Gunhilde en Gyrid (de nicht van Erik VI van Zweden) worden genoemd. Men denkt verder dat hij vier kinderen had: Håkon, Sven Gaffelbaard, Gunhild en Tyra (die later trouwde met Styrbjörn de Sterke, een zoon van koning Olof Björnsson).
  
  De belangrijkste kennisbron omtrent Harald is de geschiedschrijver Adam van Bremen. Deze geschiedenis zoals door hem geschreven is echter gekleurd. Zo stond hij bijvoorbeeld positief ten opzichte van Harald, terwijl hij negatieve gevoelens koesterde jegens Gorm 'de oude' en Sven I.
  
  Harald staat ook bekend om het oprichten van een van de runenstenen van Jelling in Denemarken. Hierop staat gehouwen:
  
  "Harald, koning, liet deze steen maken ter herinnering aan Gorm, zijn vader en Thyra, zijn moeder. De Harald die geheel Denemarken en Noorwegen won en de Denen christenen maakte."
  
  Oudnoors:
  
  "Haraltr kunukr bath kaurua kubl thausi aft kurm fathur sin auk aft thaurui muthur sina sa haraltr ias sar uan tanmaurk ala auk nuruiak auk tani karthi kristna."

• (Geschiedenis) .Bron 2

  Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson (Old Norse: Haraldr blátonn Gormsson, Danish: Harald Blåtand Gormsen) (probably born c. 935) was the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra Dannebod. He died in 985 or 986 having ruled as King of Denmark from c. 958 and King of Norway for a few years probably around 970. Some sources state that his son Sweyn Forkbeard forcibly deposed him as King.
  
  The Jelling stones
  
  Harald caused the Jelling stones to be erected to honour his parents.[2] The Encyclopædia Britannica considers the runic inscriptions as the most well known in Denmark.[3] The biography of Harald Bluetooth is summed up by this runic inscription from the Jelling stones:
  
  "King Harald bade these memorials to be made after Gorm, his father, and Thyra, his mother. The Harald who won the whole of Denmark and Norway and turned the Danes to Christianity."
  
  Denmark's conversion to Christianity
  The rune stone of Harald, quotation writings this side
  
  King Harald Bluetooth's conversion to Christianity is a contested bit of history, not least because medieval writers such as Widukind of Corvey and Adam of Bremen give conflicting accounts of how it came about.
  
  Widukind of Corvey, writing during the lives of King Harald and Otto I, claims that Harald was converted by a "cleric by the name of Poppa" who, when asked by Harald to prove his faith in Christ, carried a "great weight" of iron heated by a fire without being burned.[4]
  
  Adam of Bremen, writing 100 years after King Harald's death in "History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen", finished in 1076, tells a story of Harald being forcibly converted by Otto I, after a defeat in battle.[5] However, Widukind does not even mention such an event in his contemporary Res gestae saxonicae sive annalium libri tres or "Deeds of the Saxons", which, considering Widukind was at least partly writing to promote Otto I and his family, is damning to Adam of Bremen's claims.
  
  Four hundred years later, the Heimskringla relates that Harald was converted with Earl Haakon, by Otto II.[6]
  
  A cleric named "Poppa", perhaps the same one, also appears in Adam of Bremen's history, but in connection with Eric of Sweden, who had supposedly conquered Denmark (there is no evidence that this happened anywhere else).[7] The story of this otherwise unknown Poppo or Poppa's miracle and baptism of Harald is also depicted on the gilded altar piece in the Church of Tandrup in Denmark, a detail of which is at the top of this article. The altar itself has been dated to about 1200.[8] Adam of Bremen's claim regarding Otto I and Harald appears to have been inspired by an attempt to manufacture a historical reason for the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen to claim jurisdiction over Denmark (and thus the rest of Scandinavia); in the 1070s, the Danish King was in Rome asking for Denmark to have its own arch-bishop, and Adam's account of Harald's supposed conversion (and baptism of both him and his "little son" Sweyn, with Otto serving as Sweyn's godfather) is followed by the unambiguous claim that "At that time Denmark on this side of the sea, which is called Jutland by the inhabitants, was divided into three dioceses and subjected to the bishopric of Hamburg."[5]
  
  As noted above, Harald's father, Gorm the Old had died in 958, and had been buried in a mound with many goods, after the pagan practice. The mound itself was from c. 500 BCE, but Harald had it built higher over his father's grave, and added a second mound to the south. Mound-building was a newly revived custom in the 10th century, perceivably as an "appeal to old traditions in the face of Christian customs spreading from Denmark's southern neighbors, the Germans."[9]
  
  After his conversion, around the 960s, Harald had his father's body reburied in the church next to the now empty mound, and erected one of the Jelling stones described above.
  
  Harald undoubtedly professed Christianity at that time and contributed to its growth, but with limited success in Denmark and Norway.[10]
  Reign
  Harald's kingdom (in red) and his vassals and allies (in pink), as set forth in Heimskringla, Knytlinga Saga, and other medieval Scandinavian sources.
  
  During his reign, Harald oversaw the reconstruction of the Jelling runic stones, and numerous other public works. Some believe these projects were a way for him to consolidate economic and military control of his country. Ring forts were built in five strategic locations: Trelleborg on Sjælland, Nonnebakken on Fyn, Fyrkat in central Jylland, Aggersborg near Limfjord, and a second Trelleborg near the modern town of Trelleborg in Scania in present-day Sweden. All five fortresses had similar designs: "perfectly circular with gates opening to the four corners of the earth, and a courtyard divided into four areas which held large houses set in a square pattern."[11] A sixth Trelleborg of similar design, located at Borgeby, in Scania, has been dated to about 1000 and may also have been built by King Harald.
  
  He constructed the oldest known bridge in southern Scandinavia, the 5 meters wide, 760 meters long Ravninge Bridge at Ravninge meadows.
  
  While quiet prevailed throughout the interior, he turned his energies to foreign enterprises. He came to the help of Richard the Fearless of Normandy in 945 and 963, while his son conquered Samland, and after the assassination of King Harald Greycloak of Norway, managed to force the people of that country into temporary subjugation to himself.
  
  The Norse sagas present Harald in a rather negative light. He was forced twice to submit to the renegade Swedish prince Styrbjörn the Strong of the Jomsvikings- first by giving Styrbjörn a fleet and his daughter Thyra, the second time by giving up himself as hostage, along with yet another fleet. When Styrbjörn brought this fleet to Uppsala to claim the throne of Sweden, Harald broke his oath and fled with his Danes in order to avoid facing the Swedish army at the Battle of Fýrisvellir.
  
  As a consequence of Harald's army having lost to the Germans at the Danevirke in 974, he no longer had control of Norway, and Germans settled back into the border area between Scandinavia and Germany. They were driven out of Denmark in 983 by an alliance of Obodrite soldiers and troops loyal to Harald, but soon after, Harald was killed fighting off a rebellion led by his son Swein. He is believed to have died in 986, although several accounts claim 985 as his year of death.
  
  From 1835 to 1977 it was believed that Harald ordered the death of Haraldskær Woman, a bog body thought to be Gunnhild, Mother of Kings until radiocarbon dating proved otherwise.[12]
  Marriages and children
  
  Gyrid Olafsdottir, probably by 950.
  Thyra Haraldsdatter, married Styrbjörn the Strong
  Sweyn Forkbeard. Born about 960. Usually given as the son of Harald and Gyrid, though it is said in some of the older sagas that he was an illegitimate son.
  Haakon. Born in 961.
  Gunhilde. She married Pallig, Jarl and Ealdorman of Devonshire. It is thought that they both died in the St. Brice's Day massacre in November 1002.
  Thora (Tova) the daughter of Mistivir in 970. She raised the Sønder Vissing Runestone after her mother.

• Hij is overleden op 1 november 986, hij was toen 76 jaar oud.
• Een kind van Gorm "de Oude" van Denemarken en Tyra Danebot van Wessex
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 15 november 2012.

Gezin van Harald I "Blauwtand" van Denemarken

(1) Hij is getrouwd met Gunhilde.

Zij zijn getrouwd

(2) Hij is getrouwd met Gyrid Olafsdotter van Zweden.

Zij zijn getrouwd

(3) Hij is getrouwd met Tove Thora.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 970, hij was toen 60 jaar oud.Bron 3

Kind(eren):

1. Sven I "Tveskägg" (=Gaffelbaard) Denemarken  960-1014 
2. Tyra haraldsdotter van Denemarken  962-1000 

Kind(eren):

1. Haakon van Denemarken  

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