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Persoonlijke gegevens Antiochus III "de Grote" Seleukid 

• Hij is geboren in Babylon, Mesopotamië.
• (Geschiedenis) .Bron 1

  Antiochus III (241 - 3 juli 187 v.Chr.), bijgenaamd de Grote, was koning van het hellenistische Seleucidenrijk (Syrië) van 223 tot aan zijn dood. Hij wordt beschouwd als de belangrijkste vorst uit de dynastie na Seleucus Nicator. Zijn beleid wordt gekenmerkt door een streven naar gebiedsuitbreiding. Hierin had hij wisselend succes. Hierdoor vallen tijdens zijn regeerperiode zowel het hoogtepunt van de heerschappij der Seleuciden als het begin van het verval.
  Begin regering
  
  Antiochus III was de tweede zoon van Seleucus II. Toen hij in 223 de troon besteeg had hij onmiddellijk af te rekenen met interne moeilijkheden, veroorzaakt door separatistische bewegingen in de gebiedsdelen Bactrië en Parthië. In 217 leed hij een nederlaag tegen de Ptolemaeën bij Rapha. Hierna richtte hij zich op het herstellen van de heerschappij in het oosten van het land door middel van een veldtocht die hem tot in Arabië en India bracht, een prestatie die hem de bijnaam de Grote bezorgde. Hij won aldus Armenië en consolideerde aanvankelijk zijn gezag in Bactrië en Parthië. Antiochus wilde zijn soevereiniteit opnieuw aan deze feitelijk onafhankelijke oostelijke provincies opleggen. In 206 moest Antiochus toch een nederlaag tegen de Parthen incasseren in de vallei van Kabul. De Parthische koning Arsaces II mocht hierdoor wel zijn koninklijke waardigheden behouden en was in feite toch onafhankelijk. Ook Bactrië werd in het gareel gedwongen maar na een mislukte belegering van de Bactrische hoofdstad was Antiochus min of meer gedwongen om ook de onafhankelijkheid te erkennen van dit gebied. Wel sloot hij een bondgenootschap met de Bactrische koning waarbij de kroonprins tevens Antiochus dochter als bruid meekreeg. Een nieuwe oorlog tegen Egypte verliep succesvoller dan de eerste. Als gevolg hiervan kon Antiochus Zuid-Syrië aan zijn gebied toevoegen.
  
  Na deze jaren van succes kwam hij in het westen in conflict met de Romeinen, toen hij in 202 v.Chr. na de nederlaag van zijn bondgenoot Philippus V van Macedonië zoveel mogelijk van diens gebied wilde annexeren. Vooral zijn invallen (196 v.Chr.) op Europese bodem, met de bedoeling Thracië en Griekenland te veroveren, schoten bij de Romeinen in het verkeerde keelgat. Ook verleende hij asiel aan Hannibal (196), die na zijn nederlaag in de Tweede Punische Oorlog Carthago ontvlucht was. Op verzoek van de Aetolische Bond stak hij daarna als "bevrijder" naar Griekenland over, maar werd verslagen bij Thermopylae in 191 v.Chr.; teruggekeerd naar Azië werd hij nog eens bij Magnesia verslagen door Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus. Na deze zware nederlagen werd hem in 188 v.Chr. in het Frygische Apamea de Vrede van Apamea opgelegd, waarbij hij afstand deed van het gehele westelijke deel van zijn rijk; bovendien legden de Romeinen hem een enorme oorlogsschatting op en moest hij zijn krijgsvloot en zijn krijgsolifanten uitleveren. Pergamon werd door de Romeinen beloond als bondgenoot met de status van Romeinse vazalstaat.
  
  Door het verlies van een groot deel van Klein-Azië waren de Seleuciden betrekkelijk afgesloten van Griekenland en Ionië, die voor de rekrutering van troepen een erg belangrijk gebied waren. Rhodos en Pergamon ontwikkelden zich tot tegenspelers van de Seleuciden. Dit betekende het einde van Syrië als Middellandse Zeemacht, maar in continentaal Azië zou het nog een rol van betekenis blijven spelen.
  
  Antiochus III werd in 187 v.Chr. door de bevolking van Elymaïs (het bijbelse Elam) vermoord bij de plundering van de tempel van Susa.

• (Levens event) .Bron 2

  Antiochus III the Great (Ancient Greek: ??t?o?o? ???a?; c. 241 – 187 BC, ruled 222 – 187 BC) was a Seleucid Greek king[1][2][3] and the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire. He ruled over Greater Syria and western Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BCE. Rising to the throne at the age of eighteen in 223 BC, his early campaigns against the Ptolemaic Kingdom were unsuccessful, but in the following years Antiochus gained several military victories. His traditional designation, the Great, reflects an epithet he briefly assumed. He also assumed the title "Basileus Megas" (which is Greek for "Great King"), the traditional title of the Persian kings.
  
  Declaring himself the "champion of Greek freedom against Roman domination", Antiochus III waged a war against the Roman Republic in mainland Greece in autumn of 192 BC[4][5] only to be defeated.
  Contents
  Background and early career
  Seleucid Kingdom at the time of Antiochus's accession to the throne.
  
  Antiochus III was a member of the Greek-Macedonian Seleucid dynasty.[6][7][8][9] He was the son of king Seleucus II and Laodice II and was born in 242 BC near Susa in Iran.[10] Antiochus succeeded his brother Seleucus III as the king of the Seleucid Empire.
  
  Antiochus III inherited a disorganized state. Not only had Asia Minor become detached, but the easternmost provinces had broken away, Bactria under the Greek Diodotus of Bactria, and Parthia under the nomad chieftain Arsaces. Soon after Antiochus's accession, Media and Persis revolted under their governors, the brothers Molon and Alexander.
  
  The young king, under the baneful influence of the minister Hermeias, headed an attack on Ptolemaic Syria instead of going in person to face the rebels. The attack against Egypt of the Ptolemies proved a fiasco, and the generals sent against Molon and Alexander met with disaster. Only in Asia Minor, where the king's cousin, the able Achaeus, represented the Seleucid cause, did its prestige recover, driving the Pergamene power back to its earlier limits.
  
  In 221 BC Antiochus at last went east, and the rebellion of Molon and Alexander collapsed which Polybios attributes in part to his following the advice of Zeuxis rather than Hermeias.[11] The submission of Lesser Media, which had asserted its independence under Artabazanes, followed. Antiochus rid himself of Hermeias by assassination and returned to Syria (220 BC). Meanwhile Achaeus himself had revolted and assumed the title of king in Asia Minor. Since, however, his power was not well enough grounded to allow an attack on Syria, Antiochus considered that he might leave Achaeus for the present and renew his attempt on Ptolemaic Syria.
  Early wars against other Hellenistic rulers
  Seleucid Empire after the wars of expansion
  See also: Fourth Syrian War and Seleucid–Parthian wars
  
  The campaigns of 219 BC and 218 BC carried the Seleucid armies almost to the confines of Ptolemaic Kingdom, but in 217 BC Ptolemy IV defeated Antiochus at the Battle of Raphia. This defeat nullified all Antiochus's successes and compelled him to withdraw north of the Lebanon.
  
  In 216 BC Antiochus' army marched into western Anatolia to suppress the local rebellion led by Antiochus' own cousin Achaeus, and had by 214 BC driven him from the field into Sardis. Capturing Achaeus, Antiochus had him executed. The citadel managed to hold out until 213 BC under Achaeus' widow Laodice who surrendered later.
  
  Having thus recovered the central part of Asia Minor (for the Seleucid government had perforce to tolerate the dynasties in Pergamon, Bithynia and Cappadocia) Antiochus turned to recovering the outlying provinces of the north and east. He obliged Xerxes of Armenia to acknowledge his supremacy in 212 BC. In 209 BC Antiochus invaded Parthia, occupied the capital Hecatompylus and pushed forward into Hyrcania. The Parthian king Arsaces II apparently successfully sued for peace.
  Bactrian campaign and Indian expedition
  Coin of Antiochos III.
  
  Year 209 BC saw Antiochus in Bactria, where the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus I had supplanted the original rebel. Antiochus again met with success.[12] Euthydemus was defeated by Antiochus at the Battle of the Arius but after sustaining a famous siege in his capital Bactra (Balkh), he obtained an honourable peace by which Antiochus promised Euthydemus' son Demetrius the hand of one of his daughters.[13]
  
  Antiochus next, following in the steps of Alexander, crossed into the Kabul valley, reaching the realm of Indian king Sophagasenus and returned west by way of Seistan and Kerman (206/5). According to Polybius:
  
  "He crossed the Caucasus (Hindu Kush) and descended into India; renewed his friendship with Sophagasenus (Subhashsena in Prakrit) the king of the Indians; received more elephants, until he had a hundred and fifty altogether; and having once more provisioned his troops, set out again personally with his army: leaving Androsthenes of Cyzicus the duty of taking home the treasure which this king had agreed to hand over to him.[13]"
  
  Persia and Coele Syria campaigns
  See also: Fifth Syrian War
  
  From Seleucia on the Tigris he led a short expedition down the Persian Gulf against the Gerrhaeans of the Arabian coast (205 BC/204 BC). Antiochus seemed to have restored the Seleucid empire in the east, which earned him the title of "the Great" (Antiochos Megas). In 205/204 BC the infant Ptolemy V Epiphanes succeeded to the Egyptian throne, and Antiochus is said (notably by Polybios) to have concluded a secret pact with Philip V of Macedon for the partition of the Ptolemaic possessions. Under the terms of this pact, Macedon were to receive Egypt's possessions around the Aegean Sea and Cyrene, while Antiochus would annex Cyprus and Egypt.
  
  Once more Antiochus attacked the Ptolemaic province of Coele Syria and Phoenicia, and by 199 BC he seems to have had possession of it before the Aetolian, Scopas, recovered it for Ptolemy. But that recovery proved brief, for in 198 BC Antiochus defeated Scopas at the Battle of Panium, near the sources of the Jordan, a battle which marks the end of Ptolemaic rule in Judea.
  War against Rome and death
  Main article: Roman–Syrian War
  
  Antiochus then moved to Asia Minor, by land and by sea, to secure the coast towns which belonged to the remnants of Ptolemaic overseas dominions and the independent Greek cities. This enterprise earned him the antagonism of the Roman Republic, since Smyrna and Lampsacus appealed to the republic of the west, and the tension grew after Antiochus had in 196 BC established a footing in Thrace. The evacuation of Greece by the Romans gave Antiochus his opportunity, and he now had the fugitive Hannibal at his court to urge him on.
  
  In 192 BC Antiochus invaded Greece with a 10,000 man army, and was elected the commander in chief of the Aetolian League.[14] In 191 BC, however, the Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio routed him at Thermopylae, forcing him to withdraw to Asia Minor. The Romans followed up their success by invading Anatolia, and the decisive victory of Scipio Asiaticus at Magnesia ad Sipylum (190 BC), following the defeat of Hannibal at sea off Side, delivered Asia Minor into their hands.
  
  By the Treaty of Apamea (188 BC) the Seleucid king abandoned all the country north of the Taurus, which the Roman Republic distributed amongst its local allies. As a consequence of this blow to the Seleucid power, the outlying provinces of the empire, recovered by Antiochus, reasserted their independence. Antiochus mounted a fresh eastern expedition in Luristan, where he died while pillaging a temple of Bel at Elymaïs, Persia, in 187 BC.[5]
  Family
  Coin of Antiochus the Great. The Greek inscription reads ??S???OS ????????, King Antiochus.
  
  In 222 BC, Antiochus III married Princess Laodice of Pontus, a daughter of King Mithridates II of Pontus and Princess Laodice of the Seleucid Empire. The couple were first cousins through their mutual grandfather, Antiochus II Theos. Antiochus and Laodice had eight children (three sons and five daughters):
  
  Antiochus (221 - 193 BC), Antiochus III's first heir apparent and joint-king with his father from 210 - 193 BC
  Seleucus IV Philopator (c. 220 - 175 BC), Antiochus III's successor
  Ardys
  unnamed daughter, betrothed in about 206 BC to Demetrius I of Bactria
  Laodice IV, married all three of her brothers in succession and became Queen of the Seleucid Empire through her second and third marriages
  Cleopatra I Syra (c. 204 - 176 BC), married in 193 BC Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt
  Antiochis, married in 194 BC King Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia
  Mithridates (215 - 164 BC), succeeded his brother Seleucus IV Philopator in 175 BC under the regnal name Antiochus IV Epiphanes
  
  Laodice III died in about 191 BC. Later that year, Antiochus III remarried to Euboea of Chalcis. They had no children. [15]
  Antiochus and the Jews
  
  Antiochus III resettled 2000 Jewish families from Babylonia into the Hellenistic Anatolian regions of Lydia and Phrygia.[16] He is not the king who oppressed Judea and was resisted by the Maccabees in the Jewish story of Hanukkah; rather, that was his son, Antiochus IV. On the contrary, Josephus portrays him as friendly towards the Jews and cognizant of their loyalty to him (see Antiquities, chapter 3, sections 3-4), in stark contrast to the attitude of his son. In fact, Antiochus III lowered taxes and let the Jews live, as Josephus puts it, "according to the law of their forefathers."
  Cultural portrayals
  
  The caroline era play Believe as You List is centered around Antiochus resistance to the Romans after the Battle of Thermopylae. The play was originally about Sebastian of Portugal surviving the Battle of Alcazar and returning, trying to gather support to return to the throne. This first version was censored for being considered "subversive" because it portrayed Sebastian being deposed, its comments in favor of an Anglo-Spanish alliance and possible pro-Catholicism, which led to the final version changing to the story of Antiochus (which led to historical inaccuracy in exaggerating his defeat at that phase in history to fit the earlier text), turning Spaniards into Romans and the Catholic eremite into a Stoic philosopher.

• Hij is overleden in Susa, Elymais.
• Een kind van Seleucus II "Callinicus" Seleukid en Laodice II Seleukid
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 30 november 2012.

Gezin van Antiochus III "de Grote" Seleukid

(1) Hij is getrouwd met Laodice III van Pontes.

Zij zijn getrouwdBron 3

Kind(eren):

1. Antiochis Seleukid   
2. (Niet openbaar)
3. Antiochus IV "Epiphanes" Seleukid   
4. (Niet openbaar)
5. Cleopatra I Syra Seleukid   
6. Laodice IV Seleukid   
7. (Niet openbaar)
8. Seleucus IV "Philopator" Seleukid   

(2) Hij is getrouwd met (Niet openbaar).

Zij zijn getrouwdBron 4

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