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Persoonlijke gegevens Duncan I "the gracious" van Schotland 

• Hij is geboren in het jaar 1001.
• (Geschiedenis) .Bron 1

  Donnchad mac Crínáin, Duncan, (1001- 15 augustus 1040) was koning van Schotland.
  
  In tegenstelling tot Shakespeares Macbeth was de historische Duncan een jonge koning. Hij volgde zijn grootvader, Malcolm II, na diens dood op 25 november 1034, zonder enig tegenstand op. Hij was wellicht Malcolms erkende opvolger, hierbij het Tanist-stelsel schendend.
  
  Volgens John van Fordun was Duncan koning van Strathclyde geweest voor zijn opvolging van de Schotse troon. Verder beweert hij dat Duncan met Suthen, zus van Siward van Northumbria, was getrouwd. Dit is echter omstreden, moderne theorieën gaan uit van Sybil - een nicht van Siward. Het is wel zeker dat Duncan twee zoons had: Malcolm en Donald, die beiden koning werden (Malcolm 1058-1093 en Donald 1093-1094 en 1094-1097).
  
  Het begin van Duncans regeerperiode was waarschijnlijk erg rustig, er waren geen oorlogen of andere gewapende conflicten. Macbeth wordt 'dux' genoemd, wat betekent dat hij de macht achter de troon was. In 1039 voerde Duncan een Schots leger aan om Durham te belegeren, maar hij faalde. Honderden Schotten stierven. Duncan overleefde, maar het volgende jaar viel hij Moray binnen, Macbeths domein. Daar, bij Pitgaveny bij Elgin, werd hij gedood door zijn eigen troepen onder leiding van Macbeth. Hij is begraven in de abdij van Iona.
  
  Duncan was de zoon van Crínan van Dunkeld en Bethóc, erfdochter van Malcolm II van Schotland. Crínan was voogd van Dunkeld en Dule, steward van de Western Isles, mormaer van Atholl. Hij is in 1045 gesneuveld in de verdediging van de belangen van zijn kleinzoon, tegen MacBeth. Bethóc was mogelijk in eerdere huwelijken getrouwd met Sigurd van Orkney en/of Findleach van Moireabh.

• (Levens event) .Bron 2

  Donnchad mac Crinain (Modern Gaelic: Donnchadh mac Crìonain;[2] anglicised as Duncan I, and nicknamed An t-Ilgarach, "the Diseased" or "the Sick";[3] ca. 1001 – 14 August 1040)[1] was king of Scotland (Alba) from 1034 to 1040. He was son of Crínán, hereditary lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethoc, daughter of king Malcolm II of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda).
  
  Unlike the "King Duncan" of Shakespeare's Macbeth, the historical Duncan appears to have been a young man. He followed his grandfather Malcolm as king after the latter's death on 25 November 1034, without apparent opposition. He may have been Malcolm's acknowledged successor or tánaise as the succession appears to have been uneventful.[4] Earlier histories, following John of Fordun, supposed that Duncan had been king of Strathclyde in his grandfather's lifetime, between 1018 and 1034, ruling the former Kingdom of Strathclyde as an appanage. Modern historians discount this idea.[5]
  
  An earlier source, a variant of the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba (CK-I), gives Duncan's wife the Gaelic name Suthen.[6] Whatever his wife's name may have been, Duncan had at least two sons. The eldest, Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) was king from 1058 to 1093, the second Donald III (Domnall Bán, or "Donalbane") was king afterwards. Máel Muire, Earl of Atholl is a possible third son of Duncan, although this is uncertain.[7]
  
  The early period of Duncan's reign was apparently uneventful, perhaps a consequence of his youth. Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findláich) is recorded as his dux, literally duke, but in the context — "dukes of Francia" had half a century before replaced the Carolingian kings of the Franks and in England the over-mighty Godwin of Wessex was called a dux — this suggests that Macbeth was the power behind the throne.[8]
  
  In 1039, Duncan led a large Scots army south to besiege Durham, but the expedition ended in disaster. Duncan survived, but the following year he led an army north into Moray, traditionally seen as Macbeth's domain. There he was killed in action, at Bothganowan, now Pitgaveny, near Elgin, by his own men led by Macbeth, probably on 14 August 1040.[9] He is thought to have been buried at Elgin[10] before later relocated to the Isle of Iona.
  Contents
  Depictions in fiction
  
  Duncan is depicted as an elderly King in Macbeth by William Shakespeare. He is killed in his sleep by the protagonist, Macbeth.
  
  In the historical novel Macbeth the King by Nigel Tranter, Duncan is portrayed as a schemer who is fearful of Macbeth as a possible rival for the throne. He tries to assassinate Macbeth by poisoning and then when this fails, attacks his home with an army. In self-defence Macbeth meets him in battle and kills him in personal combat.
  
  In the animated television series Gargoyles he is depicted as a weak and conniving king who assassinates those who he believes threaten his rule. He even tries to assassinate Macbeth. However like in actual history he is killed in battle.

• (naam) .Bron 3

  The so-called House of Dunkeld, in Scottish Gaelic Dùn Chailleann (meaning Fort of the Caledonii or of the Caledonians), is a historiographical and genealogical construct to illustrate the clear succession of Scottish kings from 1034 to 1040 and from 1058 to 1290. The line is also variously referred to by historians as "The Canmores", and "MacMalcolm".
  
  It is dynastically sort of a continuation to Cenél nGabráin of Dál Riata, "race of Fergus", as "house" an originally Celtic concept to express one of the two rivalling leader clans of early medieval Scotland, whose founding father is king Fergus Mor of Dalriada. This Ferguside royal clan had rivalled the crown (of Dalriada, then that of Alba) against the Cenél Loairn, the later House of Moray for the preceding four or more centuries. The Cenél nGabráin were represented by the so-called House of Alpin before Dunkeld. [1]
  
  Sir Iain Moncreiffe made the case that Crínán of Dunkeld actually belonged to a Scottish sept of Irish Cenél Conaill royal dynasty, a branch of the Uí Néill.[2] This of course would not exclude his descendants from also being a (female line) continuation of the Cenél nGabráin through Bethóc.
  
  Genealogically the Dunkeld dynasty is based on Duncan I of Scotland being of a different agnatic clan to his predecessor and maternal grandfather Malcolm II of Scotland. However, sociohistorically, the reign of Duncan's son Malcolm III of Scotland, which happens to coincide with the start of the centuries-long period of strong influence from the southern neighbour, the Kingdom of England, has been seen as a more important place to start.
  Time and features
  
  During the time of the so-called House of Dunkeld, succession to the Scottish throne evolved towards primogeniture instead of the Irish-Celtic tradition of tanistry and the Pictish traditions (whether they were matrilineal or not). Although the contemporaries did not have a common name for these monarchs, they were a family who formed a hereditary kingship.
  
  Distinctive characteristics of the developments of society during this dynasty:
  
  Scotland was more influenced by outlanders than it had been earlier, or was to be under the kings of the House of Bruce and House of Stuart. The kingdom was between two established powers: the Kingdom of England and Norway. Quite a many Scottish king was to do homage to English monarch, and on other hand, Vikings controlled the Hebrides, Caithness, the Isle of Man and the Orkney Islands. The common goal uniting the usual policies of kings of this dynasty was to balance between the two neighbours, sometimes allying to have some outside support (France in the Middle Ages). Wars were fought in both fronts, but also alliances and treaties were made with both.
  Many Norman lords and institutions were brought to Scotland, especially after the Norman conquest of England; by the end of the period, both had been in Scotland for centuries. The tribal polity evolved to a medieval feudal society, adopting legal traditions from Rome, and the elite evolved to become broadly "Frankish" in custom, a change strengthened by the immigration of (Anglo-Saxon) English, Normans and French.
  
  The so-called Dunkeld dynasty rose to rule in a time when the kingdom was fragmentary, under increasing outside threats, and some monarchs started to initiate more centralized government.
  
  The Dunkelds came to power after the two centuries of civil unrest under the House of Alpin. The first king of this new dynasty was Malcolm III of Scotland who determined that succession would be to the eldest son, not according to the rules of tanistry. This political decision reduced the conflicts inside the Royal family. The Dunkelds consolidated Scotland's' union and independence as a kingdom, despite several skirmishes with the neighbouring England. The fall of the House of Dunkeld began in 1286, when Alexander III died in a horse riding accident. The king had no living sons, only one three year-old granddaughter, Margaret, princess of Norway. Fearing the influence of king Eric II of Norway, her father, and another endless civil war, the Scottish nobles appealed to Edward I of England. Margaret was betrothed to the future Edward II of England, but died shortly afterwards on her arrival to Scotland.
  
  The dynasty ended at a time when immigrant-originated feudal families had reached material level almost as high as the kings and the beneficiaries of feudal system desired to better guarantee their positions, rights and properties. Even at cost of national independence.
  
  Following the end of the Dunkelds, Scotland fell in the First Scottish War of Independence against England.

• Hij is overleden op 15 augustus 1040, hij was toen 39 jaar oud.
• Een kind van Crinan Atholl van Dunkeld en Bethoc Beatrice van Scone
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 8 november 2012.

Gezin van Duncan I "the gracious" van Schotland

Hij is getrouwd met Sibylla of Algitha of Northumbria.

Zij zijn getrouwd.Bron 4

Kind(eren):

1. Margaret van Schotland  
2. Malcolm III "Canmore" van Schotland  1031-1093 
3. Donald III van Schotland  1033-1099 
4. Maelmuir van Atholl  1035-????

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