Mumadona Dias (c. 900 - 968) foi condessa de Portugal no século X durante o primeiro condado Portucalense.
Biografia
Filha do conde Diogo Fernandes e da condessa Onega Lucides, era tia do rei Ramiro II de Leão e bisneta de Vímara Peres. Célebre, rica e mulher mais poderosa no Noroeste da península Ibérica, é reconhecida por várias cidades portuguesas devido ao seu registo e acção.
Em 926 Mumadona já estava casada com o conde Hermenegildo Gonçalves, passando, porém, a governar o condado sozinha após o falecimento do seu esposo (c. 928), que a deixou na posse de inúmeros domínios, numa área que coincidia sensivelmente com zonas que integrariam os posteriores condados de Portucale e de Coimbra.
Esses domínios foram divididos em Julho de 950 com os seus seis filhos, vindo Gonçalo I Mendes a ficar com os do condado Portucalense. Nesse momento (950-951), por inspiração piedosa, fundou, na sua herdade de Vimaranes, um mosteiro sob a invocação de São Mamede (Mosteiro de São Mamede ou Mosteiro de Guimarães), onde, mais tarde, professou. Para a proteção deste mosteiro e das suas gentes das incursões dos Normandos, determinou a construção de um castelo (Castelo de Guimarães), à sombra do qual se desenvolveu o burgo de Guimarães, vindo a ser sede da corte dos condes de Portucale. O documento testamentário no qual faz a doação de seus domínios, gado, rendas, objetos de culto e livros religiosos ao mosteiro de Guimarães, datado de 26 de Janeiro de 959, é importante por testemunhar a existência de diversos castelos e povoações na região.
Apesar de não ser a fundadora da Póvoa de Varzim (Villa Euracini) e de Vila do Conde (Villa de Comite), o seu registo é pioneiro ao incluir pela primeira vez estas villas. Os topónimos de Aveiro (Suis terras in Alauario et Salinas) e de Felgueiras (In Felgaria Rubeans villa de Mauri) também aparecem no documento testamentário de Mumadona Dias como o primeiro a fazer referência escrita a essas terras.
Mumadona Dias, or Muniadomna Díaz, Countess of Portugal in the 10th century, ruling between c. 924 - c. 950. She was daughter of Count Diogo Fernandes and of countess Onega.
Celebrated, rich and the most powerful woman in the Northwest of the Iberian peninsula, she has been commemorated by several Portuguese cities.
In c. 926 Mumadona was already married to Count Hermenegildo González. She governed the county alone after her husband's death in c. 928. She left it in the ownership of countless domains, in an area that coincided reasonably with zones that would integrate the back counties of Portugal and of Coimbra.
Those domains were divided in July 950 among her six children, giving Gonzalo Menéndez the county of Portugal. In 950 or 951, with divine inspiration, she founded, on her property in Vimaranes, a monastery under São Mamede's invocation (Mosteiro of São Mamede or Mosteiro of Guimarães). Later she professed her vows there. To protect this monastery and its people from Viking raids, she initiated the construction of the Castle of Guimarães, in the shade of which Guimarães' burgh was developed. Eventually this became the headquarters of the court of the counts of Portugal.
The testamentary document in which she makes the donation of her domains, cattle, incomes, religious objects and books to Guimarães monastery, dated of January 26 959, was important for verifying the existence of several castles and villages in the region.
The County of Portugal (Portuguese: Condado Portucalense, Condado de Portucale) was the region around Braga and Porto, today corresponding to littoral northern Portugal, from the late ninth to the early twelfth century, during which it was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of León. In this period the national identity of the Portuguese people was formed and the basis for the Portuguese kingdom was created.
Contents
Background
Main article: Kingdom of Asturias
After the Muslim conquest of Hispania, the first steps in what has become known as the Christian Reconquista, was begun by bands led by Pelagius of Asturias. Amid several steps back and forward, the Christian kingdoms of Asturias, and later León, Navarre, Aragon, Galicia and Castile managed to increasingly control larger parts of the peninsula, starting from the north.
The Kingdom of Asturias was established in 718 and lasted until 925. During some of this time, it ruled over territory that extended as far south as today's northern northern Portugal, as part of Galicia. Alfonso II of Asturias expanded the Kingdom, and sents parties deep into Moorish controlled territory, sacking Lisbon in 798. The Moors recovered from the raid and retained hold of Lisbon until 1147. The Moors pushed back and soon recovered most of the territory they had briefly lost, except for what is now northern Portugal.
History
First county
See also: Timeline of Portuguese history (First County)
The history of the county of Portugal is traditionally dated from the reconquest of Portucale (Porto) by Vímara Peres in 868. He was named a count and given control of the region, which would serve as a march of the kingdoms of Asturias, Galicia and León.[citation needed] Further south, another border county was formed decades later when the County of Coimbra was conquered from the Moors by Hermenegildo Guterres. While this moved the frontier away from its bounds, the county of Portugal was still subjected to multiple attacks. These were exacerbated by the recapture of Coimbra by Almanzor in 987, placing the County of Portugal again on the frontier. Ferdinand I of León and Castile conquered Lamego in 1057, Viseu in 1058 and finally retook Coimbra in 1064.
Count Gonçalo Mendes may have used the title magnus dux portucalensium ("great duke of Portugal"). His son Menendo certainly used the title dux magnus (great duke). In 966 Gonçalo assassinated Sancho I of León. He invited him to a banquet and fed him poisoned food.[1] In the late 960s Gonçalo's lands came under the ravages of the Vikings. In 968, he fell out with king Ramiro III after the latter refused to fight them. In the factional and successional politics of the time, Gonçalo may be said to have favoured the line of Ordoño III and his son Vermudo II over Sancho I and his son Ramiro III.
The county continued with varying degrees of autonomy within the Kingdom of León and, during brief periods of division, the Kingdom of Galicia until 1071, when Count Nuno Mendes, desiring greater autonomy for Portugal, was defeated and killed in the Battle of Pedroso by King García II of Galicia, who then proclaimed himself the King of Galicia and Portugal, the first time when the title of Portuguese king is used. An independent county was abolished with the territories remaining within the crown of Galicia, and following reunification the next year, that of León under Sancho II and Alfonso VI.
Second county
See also: Timeline of Portuguese history (Second County)
Henry of Burgundy, from a 13th-century miniature.
The former Kingdom of Galicia, including the Portugal and Coimbra, was given by Alfonso VI as a county to his son-in-law Raymond of Burgundy. However, concern for Raymond's growing power led Alfonso in 1096 to separate Portugal and Coimbra from Galicia and grant them to another son-in-law, Henry of Burgundy, wed to Alfonso VI's illegitimate daughter Theresa.[2][3] Henry chose Braga as the base for this newly formed county, the Condado Portucalense, know at the time as Terra Portucalense or Província Portucalense,,[4] which would last until Portugal achieved its independence, recognized by the Kingdom of León in 1143. Its territory included much of the current Portuguese territory between the Minho River and the Tagus River.[5]
Count Henry continued the Reconquista in western Iberia and expanded his county's dominions. He was also involved in several intrigues inside the Leonese court together with his cousin Raymond and sister-in-law Urraca of Castile, in which he supported Raymond's ascension in return for promises of autonomy or independence for Portugal. In 1111 the Muslims conquered Santarém.[6] When Count Henry died in 1112, the population of the County of Portugal, including the powerful families, favored independence. Henry's widow, Theresa, took the reigns on behalf of her young son, and allied herself with Galician nobility in order to challenge her sister queen Urraca's dominance and briefly used the title Queen.[citation needed] However, she was defeated by Urraca in 1121 and forced to accept a position of feudal subservience to the Leonese state.[citation needed] Her own son, Afonso Henriques, took the reins of the government in 1128 after routing forces of his mother in the Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães. After this battle, he began to exhibit a seal with a cross and the word "Portugal". He continued to win battles, supported by the nobles of Entre-Douro-e-Minho, eventually triumphing in the Battle of Ourique in 1139, which led to his proclamation as King of Portugal. It was finally in 1143 when Alfonso VII recognized the de facto independence of Portugal in the Treaty of Zamora
Zij is getrouwd met Hermenegildo González van Portucale.
Zij zijn getrouwd voor 926.Bron 2
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http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumadona_Dias
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumadona_Dias
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_County_of_Portugal