Scherek Arbol » Alexander Kuttner (± 1790-????)

Persoonlijke gegevens Alexander Kuttner 

• Hij is geboren rond 1790 in Wieruszow, Kempen, Wlkp., Poland.
• Een kind van Putative Kuttner

Gezin van Alexander Kuttner

Hij heeft/had een relatie met Felicia Zwirn.

Kind(eren):

1. Isidor Kuttner  1821-1894 

Notities over Alexander Kuttner

The first written mention of Jews in Wieruszuw comes from 1600. The community was established by Jews expelled from Filehne, Wlkp., Poland in 1586.[1.1] Their presence in Wieruszuw was confirmed by a privilege granted to the dressmakerus guild in 1618.

In 1810 an autonomous Jewish community was established in Wieruszuw. It developed despite legal restrictions associated with its proximity to the border and despite the restrictions regarding settlement introduced between 1823-1825. In 1850 a synagogue was erected in the town. Prior to World War I, a Jewish state school for girls was opened. Boys attended cheders and yeshivas. In 1917 the Zionists established a Hebrew kindergarten.

In 1871 two well-known financiers of Jewish descent, Leopold Kronenberg and Samuel Natanson, bought a small paper mill. The townus factories were enlarged, and after a few years they employed nearly 500 workers in all. The Tsarus authorities decided to move the factories near Warsaw (to Jeziorna) as they were located in the vicinity of the Prussian border. In this way, Wieruszuw lost its opportunity to become a center of the paper industry.[1.2]

In 1897 Jews constituted 36% of the total population of Wieruszuw, 1,587 people in all. The majority of these Jews belonged to Chassidic groups that followed tzaddiks from Aleksandruw and Gura Kalwaria. In 1904 the first Zionist groups came into being, from which local organizations of Mizrachi and Poalej Syjon were formed.[1.3] In June 1918 anti-Jewish speeches were delivered in Wieruszuw.

During the interwar period, in 1921, there were 2,300 Jews living in Wieruszuw and in 1939 around 2,400. The Jewish community suffered poverty due to the economic crisis between 1928-1931. Aguda was the most popular party in the community; however, Zionist parties were also in operation and financed youth wings. The Zionists strengthened their influence until the outbreak of the war. Communists who infiltrated trade unions were also active in Wieruszuw. Aguda had its representatives in the town council, 4 out of its 9 members.[1.1.3]

During World War II, in September 1939, German forces invaded Wieruszuw. In the first days of the occupation, the Germans massacred the Jews, accusing them of helping to protect the bridge over Prosna. The also chose 80 conservative Jews and transported them in freight wagons to Norymberga. Their one-week journey was filmed for propaganda. Its participants ultimately came back to their homes.[1.1.1]

The occupying Germans established a Judenrat, or Jewish Council, in the town. Its task was to collect high taxes and to deliver workers for various construction projects organized by the Germans in the Poznan Region. The Jewish population dwindled to 1,740 people within a year (1939-1940).

In September 1941, the Germans established a ghetto where they gathered about 1,200 Jews.[1.4] Between 11-23 August 1942 the district was liquidated. After the selection process, the old and the sick were shot. The remaining Jews were transported to the extermination camp in Chelmno on the Ner river.

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