Richard and Charlotte Allen Cosby Ancestry » Henry Plantagenet, 'Curtmantel' King of England II (1133-1189)

Persoonlijke gegevens Henry Plantagenet, 'Curtmantel' King of England II 

• Alternatieve namen: Henry Plantaganet, Henry Plantagenet King of England II, Henry Curtmantle Plantagenet, Henry II "Curt Mantel" King of England, II Henry, King of England Henry II ( Plantagenet), Henry II Plantagenet
• Hij is geboren op 5 maart 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France.Bronnen 2, 6
• Alternatief: Hij is geboren op 5 maart 1133 in Le Mans, Maine, France.Bronnen 3, 8
• Alternatief: Hij is geboren in het jaar 1133 in Lemans, France.
• Alternatief: Hij is geboren op 5 maart 1133 in LeMans, Anjou, France.
• (Ruled) in 1154-1189.
• Hij is overleden op 6 juli 1189 in Chinon near Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France, hij was toen 56 jaar oud.Bronnen 3, 8
• Alternatief: Hij is overleden op 6 juli 1189 in Touraine, hij was toen 56 jaar oud.Bron 7
• Alternatief: Hij is overleden op 6 juli 1189 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France, hij was toen 56 jaar oud.Bronnen 2, 6
• Alternatief: Hij is overleden op 6 juli 1189 in Chinon Castle, France, hij was toen 56 jaar oud.
• Hij is begraven in Pays-de-la-Loire, France.

  Fontevrault Abbey, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou

• Een kind van Geoffrey Plantagenet, en Matilda (Maud) "The Empress" Princess of England

Gezin van Henry Plantagenet, 'Curtmantel' King of England II

(1) Hij is getrouwd met Rosamond de Clifford.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 1158, hij was toen 24 jaar oud.

(2) Hij is getrouwd met Ida Isabel Plantagenet.

Zij zijn getrouwd op 18 mei 1153, hij was toen 20 jaar oud.

(3) Hij is getrouwd met Ida de Toeni.

Zij zijn getrouwd te No Marriage.

Kind(eren):

1. William de Longespee, Plantagenet,  1173-1226 

(4) Hij is getrouwd met Eleanor d'Aquitaine,.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 1152, hij was toen 18 jaar oud.Bron 7

Kind(eren):

1. William Plantagenet  1153-1156
2. Henry Plantagenet  1155-1183
3. Matilde Plantagenet,  1156-1189 
4. Richard Plantagenet  1157-1199
5. Geoffrey Plantagenet  1158-1186
6. Eleanor Plantagenet  1161-1214 
7. Joan Plantagenet  1165-1199
8. John Plantagenet  1166-1216 

Notities over Henry Plantagenet, 'Curtmantel' King of England II

HENRY II 1154 House of Plantagenet. His father was Geoffrey of Anjou and his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I. Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine, the divorced wife of Louis VII of France. He was a powerful thickset, red-haired, freckled man. He was the first of the Plantagenets. The name is derived from his emblem, the broom shrub, which bears the botanical name Planta Genesta later corrupted to Plantagenet. He spent much of his reign in France but did not neglect matters at home, carrying out important improvements in the legal system including widespread use of juries, and he did his best to ensure that justice was fair to all. He appointed his close friend Thomas Becket as Archbishop of Canterbury but once installed, Becket continually opposed him, particularly regarding the necessary reformation of the ecclesiastical courts. The King had the Pope's backing and he called a meeting of the Great Council at Clarendon after which the Constitutions of Clarendon were issued. Shortly after, Becket fled the Country. He returned in 1170 but promptly fell out with King. Henry was furious and cried out "Who will avenge me of this turbulent priest!". Four knights who heard him mistook Henry's meaning and straightway rode off to Canterbury and on Tuesday, 29th Dec 1170, murdered Becket in the Cathedral. On Thursday 6 July 1189, Henry, a great king, died in France., and both parties were glad when politics brought a separation, with Matilda going to England to fight King Stephen, and Geoffrey of Normandy to win a heritage for young Henry.gland at the age of nine when his mother made her dramatic escape from Oxford where she was besieged by Stephen, across the ice and snow, dressed all in white, to welcome him at Wallingford. His next visit, when he was fourteen, showed his character: he recruited a small army of mercenaries to cross over and fight Stephen in England, but failed so miserably in the execution of his plans that he ended up borrowing money from Stephen to get back home. A third expedition, two years later, was almost as great a failure. Henry was not a soldier, his were skills of administration and diplomacy; warfare bored and sometimes frightened him. For the meanwhile he now concentrated on Normandy, of which his father had made him joint ruler. In 1151, the year of his father's death, he went to Paris to do homage to Louis VII for his duchy. There he met Queen Eleanor, and she fell in love with him.uke; he was as lusty as she, and late in their lives he was still ardently wenching with 'the fair Rosamund' Clifford, and less salubrious girls with names like 'Bellebelle'; finally, she would bring with her the rich Duchy of Aquitaine, which she held in her own right. With this territory added to those he hoped to inherit and win, his boundaries would be Scotland in the north, and the Pyrenees in the south.d hard rider who loved travel; emotional and passionate, prone to tears and incredible rages; carelessly but richly dressed, worried enough in later life to conceal his baldness by careful arrangement of his hair, and very concerned not to grow fat.d control of the West Country and moved up to Wallingford for a crucial battle with Stephen. This was avoided, however, because in thepreparations for the battle Henry fell from his horse three times, a bad omen. Henry himself was not superstitious -- he was the reverse, a cheerful blasphemer -- but he disliked battles and when his anxious advisers urged him to heed the omen, he willingly agreed to parley privately with Stephen. The conference was a strange occasion: there were only two of them there, at the narowest point of the Thames, with Henry on one bank and Stephen on the other. None the less, they seem to have come to an agreement to take negotiations further.e Hikenai produced his faithful bastard Geoffrey). The omens clearly showed what was soon confirmed between the two -- that when Stephen died, Henry should rule in his place. A year later Stephen did die, and in December 1154, Henry and Eleanor were crowned in London.e even-handed justice, showing himself firm, but not unduly harsh. A country racked by civil war sighed with relief. Only two major difficulties appeared: first Henry's failure in his two Welsh campaigns in 1157 and 1165, when guerilla tactics utterly defeated and on the first occasion nearly killed him; second was the reversal of his friendship for Becket when he changed from being Chancellor to Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162.ious for a uniform pattern, operated by royal justices, to control the corrupt, ill-administered and unequal local systems operated by barons and churchmen. At Clarendon in 1166 and Northampton in 1176, he got his council's agreeemnt to a series of measures which established circuits of royal justices dealing with the widest range of criminal activities. The method of operation was novel, too, relying on a sworn jury of inquest of twelve men. Though not like a modern jury, in that they were witnesses rather than assessors, the assize juries were the ancestors of the modern English legal system.ermined to keep the integrity of his empire, and to pass it on as a unity. To do this was no small task, but in 1169 Henry held a conference with the King of France which he hoped would achieve his objectives: he himself again did homage for Normandy, his eldest son Henry did homage for Anjou, Maine and Brittany, and Richard for Aquitaine. The next year he had young Henry crowned in his own lifetime. If anything could preserve the succession, surely this would, yet, in fact, it brought all the troubles in the world onto Henry's head, for he had given his sons paper domains, and had no intention that they should rule his empire. Yet a man with a title does not rest until he has that title's power.ation for the murder of Becket. He spent Christmas at Dublin in a palace built for him out of wattles by the Irish.emand their rights. Early in 1173 they trooped off to the French court, and with Louis joined in an attack on Normandy. Henry clamped Eleanor into prison and went off to meet the new threat. Whilst he was busy meeting this, England was invaded from Flanders and Scotland, and more barons who fancied a return of the warlord days of Stephen broke into revolt., and there was no hope of dealing with the situation without expiation. In July 1174 Henry returned to England, and went in pilgrim's dress to Canterbury. Through the town he walked barefoot, leaving a trail of blood on the flinty stones, and went to keep his vigil of a day and a night by the tomb, not even coming out to relive himself. As he knelt, the assembled bishops and all the monks of Christchurch came to scourge him -- each giving him three strokes, but some with bitterness in their hearts laying on with five.s brought the news that the King of Scotland had been captured. He moved quickly northwards, receving rebels' submission all the time. He met up with Geoffrey who had fought valiantly for him, and commented, 'My other sons have proved themselves bastards, this one alone is my true and legitimate son.'ng each a substantial income, though still no share of power., such as capturing a fully manned and provisioned castle with three walls and moats to defend it. But the people were less easy to subdue -- they loved war for its own sake as their poet-leader, Bertrand de Born, shows well in his works: '. . . I love to see amidst the meadows tents and pavilions spread; and it gives me great joy to see drawn up on the field knights and horses in battle array; and it delights me when the scouts scatter people and herds in their path; and my heart is filled with gladness when I see strong castles besieged, and the stockades broken and overwhelmed, and the warriors on the bank, girt about by fosses, with a line of strong stakes, interlaced . . . Maces, swords, helms of different hues, shields that will be riven and shattered as soon as the fight begins; and many vassals struck down together; and the horses of the dead and wounded roving at random. And when battle is joined, let all men of good lineage think of nought but the breaking of heads and arms: I tell you I find no such savour in food or in wine or in sleep as in hearing the shout "On! On!" from both sides, and the neighing of steeds that have lost their riders, and the cries of "Help! Help!"; and in seeing men great and small go down on the grass beyond the fosses; in seeing at last the dead, with the pennoned stumps of lances still in their sides.'ly encouraged by the young King Henry. He was handsome, charming and beloved of all, but also feckless and thoughtless -- far keener on tournaments and frivolity than the serious business of government. Then in the midle of his new rebellion he caught disentery and shortly died. His devoted followers were thunderstruck -- one young lad actually pined to death -- and the rebellion fizzled out.he young king was dead, but Henry, wary of previous errors, was not going to rush into making a new one. He called his favourite youngest son, John, to his side and ordered Richard to give his duchy into his brother's hands. Richard -- his mother's favourite -- had made Aquitaine his home and worked hard to establish his control there; he refused to give his mother's land to anyone, unless it were back to Eleanor herself.k the duchy. Meanwhile the new King of France, Philip, was planning to renew the attack on English territories, all the while the three, Henry, Richard, and Philip, were supposed to be planning a joint crusade.tuting John was at the root of it all, though Henry may have deluded himself into thinking he was playing his usual canny hand.89, Philip and Richard advanced on Henry at his birthplace in Le Mans, and he was forced to withdraw with a small company of knights, showering curses on God. Instead of going to the safety of Normandy, he rode hard, his usual long distance, deep into Anjou. This worsened his physical condition and, in high fever, he made no effort to call up forces to his aid. Forced to meet Philip and Richard, he was so ill he had to be held on his horse whilst he deliriously mumbled his abject agreement to their every condition for peace.t John, for whom he had suffered all this, had joined the rebels' side. Two sons -- both rebels -- were dead, two sons -- both rebels -- lived, and it was his bastard Geoffrey who now tended him in his last sickness. There was not even a bishop in his suite to give him the last rites. Over and again he cried out in agony "Shame! shame on a vanquished king!"d him, leaving him in a shirt and drawers. When the marshall came to arrange the burial he had to scratch around for garments in which to dress the body. A bit of threadbare gold edging from a cloak was put around Henry's head to represent his sovereignty.e picture showed an eagle being pecked by three eaglets, and a fourth perched on his head, ready to peck out his eyes when the time should come. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, 1995]

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