Rollo "Göngu-Hrólfr" Ragnvaldsson (± 860-930) » maximum test

Persoonlijke gegevens Rollo "Göngu-Hrólfr" Ragnvaldsson

Bronnen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Roepnaam is Göngu-Hrólfr.
Hij is geboren rond 860Mære
Nord-Trondelag Norway.
Hij werd gedoopt in Argued whether he died in 927 or 931.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911 in Norway (Aka Ganger-Rolv Hrolfr "the Ganger=walker").
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911 in Norway (Aka Ganger-Rolv Hrolfr "the Ganger=walker").
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt rond 911.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911 in Norway (Aka Ganger-Rolv Hrolfr 'the Ganger=walker'.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911 in Duke of, NORMANDY, NORMANDY, France.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911 in Duke of, NORMANDY, NORMANDY, France.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 911 in Norway (Aka Ganger-Rolv Hrolfr "the Ganger=walker").
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 913.
Alternatief: Hij werd gedoopt in het jaar 913.
Hij is gedoopt in het jaar 911 in Cathédrale de RouenRouen
Upper Normandy France.
Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 12 april 1904.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 12 april 1904.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 12 april 1904.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 12 april 1904 in Salt Lake City Utah Temple, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah, Verenigde Staten.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 12 april 1904.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 12 april 1904 in Salt Lake City Utah Temple, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah, Verenigde Staten.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 12 april 1904 in Salt Lake City Utah Temple, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah, Verenigde Staten.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 12 april 1904 in Salt Lake City Utah Temple, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah, Verenigde Staten.
Alternatief: Gedoopt (op 8-jarige leeftijd of later) door het priesterschapsgezag van de LDS-kerk op 12 april 1904.
Beroepen:

in het jaar 880 JarlSykkylven
Møre og Romsdal Norway in Møre.
in het jaar 885 ComteRouen
Normandie France in Normandie.

Woonachtig in het jaar 878: spent much time plundering &, raiding in the East Sea (the Baltic).
(Misc Event) van 885 tot 886.
(Misc Event) in het jaar 885Paris
Ile-de-France France.
(Misc Event) in het jaar 911Chartres
Centre France.
(Misc Event) in het jaar 911.
(Misc Event) in het jaar 911.
Hij is overleden in het jaar 930Rouen, Seine-Maritime
Haute-Normandie France.
Hij is begraven in Rouen CathedralRouen
Haute-Normandie France.
Een kind van Ragnvald Eysteinsson en Ragnhild Hrólfsdóttir

Gezin van Rollo "Göngu-Hrólfr" Ragnvaldsson

Hij is getrouwd met Poppa de Bayeux.

Zij zijn getrouwd in het jaar 886Castle St. Cler, Évreux, Eure, Haute-Normandie, France.

Kind(eren):

Geirlaug Hrólfsdóttir ± 897-962
William FitzRobert ± 891-± 942

Notities over Rollo "Göngu-Hrólfr" Ragnvaldsson

Was supposedly given Gisela, dau. of the French King Charles the Simple as a bride when Charles was 32 years old.

==========

Rollo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rollo, occasionally known as Rollo the Viking, (c. 860 - c. 932) was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. He is also in some sources known as Robert of Normandy, using his baptismal name.

The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from Scandinavian name Hrólf (cf. the latinization of Hrólf Kraki into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum).

[edit] Historical evidence

Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.
Wikisource
Latin Wikisource has original text related to this article:
De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum

Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse could carry him.

The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.

[edit] Invasion of France
Statue of Rollo in Rouen
Statue of Rollo in Rouen

In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.

Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.

In 911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of King Charles the Simple.[1] In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings. In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert.[2] In return, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.[3]

[edit] Settlement

Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River.

[edit] Death
Rollo's grave at the cathedral of Rouen
Rollo's grave at the cathedral of Rouen

Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.

[edit] Legacy

Rollo is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is a direct ancestor and predecessor of the present-day British royal family.

The "Clameur de Haro" in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.

==========

Weis, p. 110: Started life as Ganger Rolf, the Viking, he was banished from Norway to the Hebrides around 876. He participated in the Viking raid on Bayeux, where Count Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his daughter, Poppa, was captured and taken by Rollo (now called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish wife." Under the Treaty of St. Claire, 911, he received the Duchy of Normandy from Charles II (the Simple) of France.

Source #2: ORB: Online Reference Book of Medieval Studies
http://orb.rhodes.edu/encyclop/high/Normandy/Normhist/N10th2-3.html
Copyright ©1999, Robert Helmerichs. This file may be copied on the condition that the entire contents,including the header and this copyright notice, remain intact. The contents of ORB are copyright © 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.

Because of the extravagant biography of Rollo written a century later by Dudo of Saint-Quentin, it sometimes seems that we know him fairly well. In fact, although in Dudo's time Rollo was remembered as the founder of the Norman dynasty, the fact is that during his own lifetime, he was a virtual non-entity. Although Dudo says much about his career prior to 911, virtually every story he tells is an obvious borrowing from the adventures of other Northmannic leaders told in tenth-century Frankish chronicles, and the rest are obvious legends. Dudo's account contains not a single verifiable fact about Rollo. The "Founder of Normandy" also is never mentioned in any contemporary source before 911, and in fact the "Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte," made so famous by Dudo's story of the Norman upending Charles the Simple instead of stooping to kiss his foot, also made no impact whatsoever on the writers of the time. Only three brief mentions of Rollo occur in contemporary sources, and it is upon these mentions that we must build what little image of him we can manage.

The first contemporary mention of Rollo is in a charter of King Charles Simplex in 918. Here, Charles grants the lands of an abbey "except for the part that we have given to the Northmen of the Seine, namely to Rollo and his companions." At roughly the same time, the Frankish historian Flodoard of Reims wrote: "After the war that Count Robert waged against the Northmen at Chartres, certain maritime pagi, along with the city of Rouen (which they had nearly destroyed) and other pagi which were subjected to it, were conceded to them, and they agreed to take up the faith of Christ." At some point before 928, the archbishop of Rouen wrote to Herveus, archbishop of Reims, asking for advice on how to handle lapsed pagan converts. Herveus in turn wrote to Pope John X, asking "What should be done when they have been baptized and rebaptized, and after their baptism continue to live in pagan fashion, and in the manner of pagans kill Christians, massacre priests, and offering sacrifices to idols, eat what has been offered?" It is also perhaps significant that in a poem mourning the death of Rollo's son, William Longsword, William is called the Christian son of a pagan father, although this might have been a rhetorical reference to Rollo's earlier life.

Thus it seems that after the Battle of Chartres, which most historians date to 911 and at which a large Northmannic force was soundly defeated, King Charles granted some land around Rouen and to the sea to Rollo and his companions, who converted to Christianity but, at least in some cases, quickly reverted to paganism in a fairly definitive manner. A number of important points should be made. First, there is no indication that Rollo was involved with the Battle of Chartres. Dudo later says that he in fact led the Northmannic army there, but then Dudo says that Rollo led every major Northmannic force in France, and some in England; it seems to be his way of making somebody important out of a man who left virtually no trace in the historical record. Charles' motivation seems to have been to cut off future attacks on the Seine and its tributaries by giving those Northmen who already controlled Rouen, the first major city on the Seine, formal recognition in exchange for their blocking access to other Northmannic forces.

Second, it is not clear exactly which lands Rollo and his companions received, but it would seem to have been roughly the Roumois and the Pays de Caux. Some historians, believing that the concession of Charles Simplex and two further "grants" (which I will come to shortly) comprised a formal concession of the future Normandy, have drawn neat maps dividing Normandy into three parts, and thus made the first concession cover all of Normandy east of the Risle, plus the entire Pays d'Ouche, but there is no evidence that Charles had such a great extent in mind. And third, the territory controlled by Rollo by no means contained the only Northmannic settlements in the future Normandy; we know from place-names that the Northmannic presence was especially strong not only in the Pays de Caux and Roumois, but also in the Bessin and the entire Cotentin peninsula. These Northmen of western Northmanland, at least to begin with, had no connection with the Northmen of Rouen.

So far we have a group of Northmen, led by Rollo, occupying Rouen and its environs with the permission of King Charles, and at least nominally Christianized but subject to spectacular reversions. In the following years, while the sources are silent on events within the newborn Rollonid Principality, the Carolingian political landscape was changing dramatically. During the 910s, Charles managed to alienate many of his nobles through various actions, especially in Lotharingia; these events inspired Henry I, king of the East Franks, to renew East Frankish claims to Lotharingia, and Robert of Neustria, brother of King Odo, to lead a revolt against Charles. For several years the struggle continued, culminating in 922 when Charles fled his kingdom and Robert was crowned king. In the following year, Charles returned with an army; in the ensuing battle Robert was killed, but his son Hugh the Great (now so-called to distinguish him from his son, Hugh Capet) and Herbert II of Vermandois defeated Charles. The events that followed are somewhat fuzzy, but apparently neither Hugh nor Herbert would allow the other to become king, so they settled on Ralph, the son-in-law of King Robert and the duke of Burgundy. Possibly they believed that as a relative outsider to the West Frankish world, he would be easier to control. Herbert then arranged a meeting with Charles, arrested him, and threw him into captivity for the rest of his life (he died in 929). His possession of the Carolingian claimant to the throne only enhanced his power, as did his arrangement in 925 for his five-year-old son Hugh to be made archbishop of Reims, at the time the spiritual capital of the West Frankish realm. One may assume that the new archbishop was somewhat subject to Herbert's influence.

To pick up the scanty narrative of events in the Rollonid Principality from contemporary sources, in 924 Flodoard reports: "The Northmen entered peace with the Franks through the oaths of Counts Hugh [the Great] and Herbert [of Vermandois] and also Archbishop Seulf [of Reims], in the absence of King Ralph; but with Ralph's consent the lands of Maine and the Bessin were conceded to them in the peace-treaty." The neat, three-part maps of Normandy make this concession cover all the lands between the Vire and the Risle, and usually claim that Maine was a mistake, since it does not lie within Normandy and was never claimed by the Rollonids until well into the eleventh century. But seen in the light of previous "grants" by Frankish kings to Northmen, this should be seen not as a transfer of clearly-defined territory from one party to the other, but rather as permission by the king for Rollo and his companions to take whatever control they can over lands that have slipped completely out of the king's power; in other words, trying to replace "bad" Northmen (i.e., ones with whom the king has no relationship) with "good" ones (with whom he does). We can tell from the very existence of this treaty that the Northmen of Rouen had fallen out with the king since the initial concession, and now were being reconciled. But the reconciliation did not last, for Flodoard informs us in 925 that an army of Northmen of Rouen moved east, plundering Beauvais, Amiens and Noyons. At the same time, the Frankish natives of the Bessin rose against the Northmen there, and a Frankish army led by Hugh the Great's men ravaged the Roumois. The Northmannic army quickly returned home, just in time to face a new invasion of Herbert of Vermandois and Arnulf of Flanders, along with the count of Ponthieu (along the coast bordering Eastern Northmanland, centered on Montreuil). They besieged the Northmannic stronghold of Eu, and despite a large relief force from Rouen led by Rollo (this is the second time he is mentioned by a contemporary source), they succeeded in capturing and destroying it. But the hostilities seemed to end there, for the moment.

The final years of Rollo are very shadowy, although he seems to have played some role in Frankish politics. In 927, a war broke out between King Ralph and Herbert of Vermandois; when Ralph had returned to Burgundy to see to his duties there, Herbert apparently began to float the idea of a restoration of Charles Simplex. He brought Charles to meet with the Northmen (presumably led by Rollo) at Eu, where "the son of Rollo [i.e., William Longsword] committed himself to Charles and confirmed friendship with Herbert." Apparently at this time, Herbert's son Odo was left with Rollo as a hostage. This was a normal component of peace treaties during this period; the hostages were treated honorably, and in addition to serving as incentive for the parties to behave (in extreme cases, hostages could be executed for bad behavior on the other side's part), they also served to create a closer relationship between the sides. Flodoard does not explain why this meeting took place, or what the participants expected to accomplish. In the following year, however, Herbert and Ralph were reconciled; but Rollo did not return Odo to his father until Herbert committed himself to Charles Simplex. (Flodoard's account of this is the third and final time Rollo is mentioned in contemporary accounts.) It would seem that Rollo, once he had allied himself with Charles, refused to accept Herbert's change of heart, and forced Herbert to renew his own alliance with Charles. It should also be noted that Rollo owed his original entré into Frankish politics to Charles, and that he had never met Ralph (the "grant" of 924 was made on Ralph's behalf, but in his absence). In the event, however, nothing came of this uneasy alliance among Rollo, Herbert, and Charles, since Charles died in 929.

We do not know when Rollo died, but it must have been sometime between 928, when Flodoard last mentions him, and 933, when William Longsword makes his first appearance as the Rollonid ruler. We may suspect, however, that Rollo played a greater part in the Frankish world than this bare narrative of his career has shown; a later source calls him a friend of William of Aquitaine, and the fact that William married Rollo's daughter lends credence to this story. But overall, Rollo died in much the same obscurity in which he lived; although in retrospect his achievement as founder of Normandy seems considerable, in his own day he was simply a Northmannic leader who got some territorial concessions from the Frankish king. The Rollonid Principality on the death of its founder was a small area centered upon Rouen, surrounded by neighbors hungry to reclaim what had been lost to the foreigners, and allied with the king who was losing the Frankish civil war; its future was still very much in doubt.

1st Duke of Normandy (911)

Name Prefix: Duke Name Suffix: Of Normandy 1St Duke
!NAME: Nickname "Rollo the Dane" He was a Viking Pirate who was banished from Norway by hisfather; and captured Bayeux in 890. He was given the name of Robert I at hisbaptism, and was styled as the "Partician of Normandy". He acquired his nickname "the Ganger", because he was to big for a horse to carry and had to walk. ------------------ Rollo The Dane, First Duke of Normandy, Also called Rolf the Walker because, being so tall, he preferred to go afoot rather than ride thelittle Norwegain horses. Originally a Norse Viking, he was noted for strength and martial prowess.

Norwegian Viking settled at the mouth of the Seine. After fighting many battles made an agreement with King Charles The Simple- Received land in Normandy and became the 1st Duke of Normandy. He had to become a Christian, but at his death he ordered the sacrifice of 100 slaves (Showing that hestill held to his Pagan beliefs) ------------------ From: http://www.rwgray.com/Rollo.htm

Rollo, also called Rolf, claimed by the Gray family to be theproginator of the family, was a Viking. Born in Norway c860, he grew to be a Norse chieftain. He is referred to as Rollo the Ganger (goer or walker) because he was too tall to ride the little Northland ponies. He was chief of the Northmen. True to Viking tradition, he engaged in raiding and plundering along the coasts of the North countries. Even though he was of high rank in Norway, he wasexiled because he refused to confine his piracies to foreign lands. He came toFrance not as a mere destroying barbarian, but with ideas of permanent conquestand settlement. In 884 he sailed up the Seine with perhaps ten thousand followers and captured Rouen. It became the Northmens capital for over three hundredyears. He then went on to attack Paris. He started a seige in November 885 andcontinued it for over a year. Finally, king Charles the Fat paid Rollo huge sums of tribute money and persuaded him to go attack Bergundy, then in revolt against the king. Rolf (Rollo), based at Rouen, was extending his influence overall the surrounding country. The poor liked Rolf because, though stern, he wasfair, and gave them protection. The next French king, Charles the Simple (it was Charles le Sot, more accurately translated means fool), in 911 gave Rollo notonly the lands he had won, but the rest of the northern French coast. The region was called Northmens land, or Normandy. Rollo was made its Duke, accepted Christianity, was baptised in 912 and promised not to plunder other lands, excepyBrittany. Rollo died in 931 but had given his son, William "Longsword" governance of Normandy in 927. The tomb of Rollo is in the chapel of St. Romanus at Rouen. William died Dec. 17, 942, assassinated by the Count of Flanders.

Gange-Rolv, Scandinavian rover who founded the duchy of Normandy.

Making himself independent of King Harald I of Norway, Rollo sailed off to raid Scotland, England, Flanders, and France on pirating expeditions and, about 911, established himself in an area along the Seine River. Charles III the Simple of France held off his siege of Paris, battled him near Chartres, and negotiated the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, giving him the part of Neustria that came to be called Normandy; Rollo in return agreed to end his brigandage. He gave his son, William I Longsword, governance of the dukedom (927) before his death. Rollo was baptized in 912 but is said to have died a pagan.

SOURCE CITATION:
Title: Ancestral File (TM)
Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Publication Information: July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996
Repository Name: Family History Library
Address: 35 N West Temple Street
Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA

SOURCE CITATION:
Title: Ancestral File (TM)
Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Publication Information: July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996
Repository Name: Family History Library
Address: 35 N West Temple Street
Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA

Buried at Notre Dame in Paris

[Norvell.FTW]

[Eno.ftw]

BIOGRAPHY: Acceded 911

[Norvell.FTW]

[Eno.ftw]

CONFLICT: Name Rognvaldsson " The Mighty" Earl of More or Rolf the Ganger Ragnvaldsson, Duke of Normandy, 1st. D. 870 or 932.

BIOGRAPHY: Acceded 911
Royal & Noble Genealogical Data on the Web: Rolf became known as Robert or Rollo in Normandy. I have shown them as father and son, but this is really a way of showing how his attribution changed. AKA Rolf Wend-a-Foot. Does this mean that Rolf and Rollo are the same person or are father and son as shown? dl refer to both sources. Royal & Noble, and Ancesters of Maud Flanders. dl

Gange-Rolv (Rollo, Rollon) var hertug av Normandie 911 - 931 (som Robert I).
Normandieslekten var hertuger av Normandie fra 911 til 1204 og senere konger av
England. Slekten stammer ifølge Snorre fra Mørejarlene i Norge. Danske forskere mener
imidlertid at Rolv var dansk.
Ifølge Snorre dro Rolv ca. 13 år gammel på vikingeferd til Østersjøen. Han gjorde
deretter strandhugg i Viken i Norge og ble erklært fredløs av Harald Hårfagre. Han dro så til
Orknøyene og Suderøyene. Han var da i 20-års alderen. Senere dro han med andre vikinger til
utløpet av Seine i Frankrike og herjet i Valland. Han ble høvding for en flokk vikinger som
stormet mot Paris i årene 900-911.
Den franske kannik Dudo skrev hundre år senere Normandies historie etter oppdrag av
en normannisk hertug. I år 911 hadde ryktet om at en veldig vikingflåte igjen hadde landet ved
Seines munning spredt skrekk og forferdelse blant frankerne. Dudo gir oss et dramatisk og
meget anskuelig bilde av den ånd som i det øyeblikket beskjelte henholdsvis nordboer og
frankere. Den frankiske storvasallen som rådde over landet rundt Seine, kalte nok sammen
sine tropper, men foretrakk likevel å forsøke seg med forhandlinger. Han henvendte seg til den
berømte krigeren Hastings, som selv en gang hadde vært en veldig viking, men nå hadde gått
i den franske kongens tjeneste, og ba ham snakke pent med sine tidligere landsmenn. Nokså
motstrebende påtok Hasting seg dette tillitsvervet, for han visste at vikingene ikke likte at han
hadde gitt seg inn under en fremmed hersker. Sammen med to frankiske riddere som kunne
dansk, gikk han imidlertid ned til elvebredden, og der utspant det seg nå en samtale, som må
kunne kalles klassisk i sitt slag.
Først ropte de tre mennene på frankernes side over elven: ?Vi er riddere som er utsendt
av frankernes konge og krever at Dere sier oss hvem Dere er, hvor Dere kommer fra og hva
Dere ønsker.? Svaret lød: ?Vi er dansker, kommer fra Danmark, og vi vil erobre Frankerriket.? -
?Hva heter Eders herre?? ?Ingenting? lød svaret, ?for vi er alle like.? Da spurte Hasting: ?Har
Deres noen gang hørt tale om Hasting, som var Eders landsmann og seilte hit med mange
krigere?? ?Ja, Den mannen begynte godt, men sluttet dårlig,? lød svaret. Hasting fortsatte: ?Vil
Dere underkaste Dere Karl, frankernes konge, gå i hans tjeneste og få rike len av ham?? Men
de svarte: ?Vi vil aldri underkaste oss noen. Vi liker best den lønnen vi selv skaffer oss med
våre våpen og bragder.? - ?Hva vil Dere da gjøre?? Svaret ble: ?Skynd Dere snarest mulig
bort herfra! Vi liker ikke alt dette pratet; og vi vil heller ikke fortelle Dere hva vi har i sinne.?
Der er, som den danske middelalderhistoriker Steenstrup bemerker, noe så ekte nordisk
i denne scenen med de skarpe, rammende replikkene som krysser hverandre over Seine at
den må være tatt direkte ut av den normanniske tradisjon som Dudo bygget sitt historiske verk
på. Hadde dialogen flytt fra Dudos egen penn, hadde vi ganske sikkert fått en lang harang i
mer ?klassisk? toneart, men den historiske tonen her sikkert er helt ekte.
I 911, ved traktaten i St. Clair-sur-Epte, tilbød Karl ?den Enfoldige? Rolv og hans menn
landet omkring Seine ned til havet og ga Rolv sin datter Gisela til hustru. Rolv ble nå hertug av
Normandie som Karls vasall og lot seg døpe. Han fikk navnet Robert I, og han ble en mektig
mann der.
Ifølge Snorre skal Rolv ha vært så kjempestor at ingen hest orket å bære ham og
derfor ble han kalt Gange-Rolv. Franske kilder kjenner imidlertid ikke dette navnet og minnes
ham tvert imot som rytter, så dette er tvilsomt. Det fortelles også om ham at da han skulle hylle
sin lensherre, nektet han å bøye seg for den vanlige skikken å kysse kongens fot. Til slutt gikk
han imidlertid med på at en av mennene i hans følge skulle utføre seremonien for ham. Men
han var også for stolt til å bøye seg ned. Isteden løftet han Karl ?den Enfoldige?'s fot opp til
munnen, med den følge at Hans Majestet ramlet baklengs.
Fra Snorre Sturlasson: Harald Hårfagres saga:
?24. Ragnvald Mørejarl var den kjæreste venn kong Harald hadde, og kongen satte
ham høyt. Ragnvald jarl var gift med Hild, datter til Rolv Nevja (Nese); deres sønner var Rolv
og Tore. Ragnvald jarl hadde noen frillesønner også; én het Hallad; en annen Einar og en
tredje Rollaug; de var voksne da de ektefødte brødrene deres var barn ennå. Rolv var en stor
viking; Han var så svær av vekst at ingen hest kunne bære ham, derfor gikk han til fots
overalt. Han ble kalt Gange-Rolv. Han herjet ofte i Austerveg. En sommer han kom østfra til
Viken fra vikingtog, hogg han strandhogg der. Kong Harald var i Viken; han ble alvorlig sint, da
han fikk høre om dette, for han hadde strengt forbudt å rane innenlands. Kongen lyste på
tinget at han gjorde Rolv fredløs i Norge. Da Hild, Rolvs mor, fikk vite dette, dro hun til kongen
på ba om fred for Rolv, men kongen var så sint at det nyttet henne ikke å be. ...
Gange-Rolv seilte siden vest over havet til Suderøyene; derfra seilte han vest til Valland
(Frankrike) og herjet der, og vant seg et stort jarlerike, som han bygde for en stor del med
nordmenn, og det heter Normandi siden. Jarlene i Normandi er kommet av Rolvs ætt. Sønn til
Gange-Rolv var Viljalm, far til Rikard, far til Rikard den andre, far til Robert Langspade, far til
Viljalm Bastard, Englands konge. Fra ham er alle Englandskongene ættet siden.?
Rolv var gift
1. gang i 886 med Popa og
2. gang i 911 med Gisela av Frankrike.
Rolv bodde i Rouen, hvor han døde i 931.

Banished from Norway to the Hebrides circa 876, 890 participatedin Viking attack on Bayeux, where Count Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his daughter Poppa captured and taken, 866, by Rollo (now called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Claire, 911 received the Duchy of Normandy from Charles III, "the Simple".
died. was born circa 870 at Maer, Norway.1,2 He was the son of Ragnvald I Eysteinsson "The Wise" and Ragnhild (Hildir) Hrolfsson. He married Poppa in 886.1,3 His body was interred circa 927 at Notre Dame, Rouen, France.

[Norvell.FTW]

[Eno.ftw]

BIOGRAPHY: Acceded 911

Given the Dukedom of Normandy in a treaty by the King of France

Rollo, also called ROLF, or ROU, French ROLLON (b. c. 860--d. c. 932), Scandinavian rover who founded the duchy of Normandy.
Making himself independent of King Harald I of Norway, Rollo sailed off to raid Scotland, England, Flanders, and France on pirating expeditions and, about 911, established himself in an area along the Seine River. Charles III the Simple of France held off his siege of Paris, battled him near Chartres, and negotiated the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, giving him the part of Neustria that came to be called Normandy; Rollo in return agreed to end his brigandage. He gave his son, WilliamI Longsword, governance of the dukedom (927) before his death. Rollo was baptized in 912 but is said to have died a pagan
Sources: A. Roots 121E, 243A; Kraentzler 1160, 1443, 1453; RC 162, 166; Coe;
Guizot; The Normans and Their Myth (chart) by R.H.C. Davis; Pfafman; WED Stokes;
A History of the Vikings by Gwyn Jones; Ashley; Norr, p59.
He established the Northmen in France and was the first Duke of Normandy.
Count of Rouen. Conquered Normandy. Also known as Hrolf (Gongu-Hrolfr),
Rollon, Ganger and Granger Rolf.
WED says the area near "Mora, Norway, was the domain of the jarl of More,
whose son Hrolf, with his followers...in 911 settled in the district later
known as Normandy."
Roots: Ganger Rolf, "the Viking (or Rollo), banished from Norway to the
Hebrides ca. 876; 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, where Count
Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his daughter Poppa taken, 886, by Rollo (now
called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Clair, 911,
received the Duchy of Normandy from Charles III, "the Simple."
Davis: Rollo, ruler of Normandy from 911-931. The dukes of Normandy free
married with non-Scandinavians. "Rollo is said to have married the daughter of
the Frankish king and to have had his son by the daughter of a Frankish count.
That son, William, married the daughter of a Frankish count and had his son,
Richard, by a Breton. None of the dukes' wives came from Scandinavia or
England, and by the first half of the 11th century their family connections
were typically French." An early historian, Dudo, said Rollo was Danish.
Ashley: Count Rolllo or Rolf the Viking., died 993?
Norr: Rollo or Rolf, 1st duke of Normandy 912-917-(927), born about 856. He
was of the same Danish origin as the ancestors of the English which his
descendants conquered in 1066.

[hezboone.FTW]
!Per "My Boone Family": HOUSE OF BJORN. Rollo the Ganger (860-932)
and
Normandy (Condensed from the account by H.H.Boyesen) Purloined from
"A Norse
Family Saga" by Margaret Anderson and Gladys Garland.
By 872 A.D. Harald the Fairhaired had united all the scattered
earldoms of
Norway under his own sway and he issued a stringent order forbidding
pillaging
within his own kingdom under penalty of outlawry. In those days
sailing out
into the world as a viking and plundering foreign lands was held to
be a most
honorable custom--a "liberal education for chieftains' sons." But
at that time
the Norwegians had as yet no national feeling and so regarded
Harald's prohibit-
ion against plundering their own shores as absurd and arbitrary.
Rollo (or
Hrolf), son of the King's best friend, Rognovald, Earl of More,
undertook to
disregard this order, landing in the south of Norway and making
havoc among the
coast dwellers. He was outlawed by King Harald. Rollo betook
himself to the
Hebrides. There his great strength and sagacity, no less than his
distinguished
birth, secured him a favorable reception and much influence. He
gradually
assumed command over the Norse exiles and it was probably at his
advice that
they abandoned the bleak and barren Hebrides for a sunnier clime.
Early in the
tenth century a large expedition was fitted out and sailed south,
landing first
in Holland. Finding that all-too-accessible country already
devastated by other
vikings, they proceeded to the coast of France and entered the mouth
of the
river Seine. The empire of Charlemagne (747-814) had been broken up
and divided
amoung his grandsons, and the fraction which was to be France, was
then confined
between the Loire and the Meuse. King Charles the Simple, a feeble,
foolish,
and good-natured man, was utterly unequal to defending his territory
against
foreign invaders or domestic pretenders. Rollo, meantime, pillaged
the area
around the city of Rouen. In this dilemma, the Archbishop of Rouen
offered
himself as an ambassador to the pagans, hoping he might become and
instrument in
the hand of God to avert the impending doom. Rollo, who could honor
courage,
even in an enemy, received him courteously, pledged himself, in case
the city
surrendered, to take peaceful possession of it and to molest no one.
Keeping
his promise, his ships sailed up the river, made his entry into
Rouen, inspected
the fortifications, the water supply and all points of strategic
interest.
Pleased, he resolved to remain. With Rouen as his base of supplies,
he made
expeditions up the Seine and established a great camp near the
confluence of the
Seine and Eure. Hither an army under the command of Reynault, Duke
of France,
came to drive Rollo out of the country, but instead, was killed in
the battle
that ensued. The victorious Rollo sailed up the river and laid
siege to Paris.
Finding the capital too strong, he retired to Rouen and continued to
ravage the
surrounding territory. Rollo conquered the city of Bayeux and slew
its ruler,
Count Berenger, whose beautiful daughter, Popa, he married. Now he
changed his
tactics and took permanent possession of the towns that fell into
his hands. By
this time the peasants had discovered that Rollo was man of his
word, a lord of
mighty will, ruthless in enforcing obedience, but open-handed and
generous to
those who would serve his purposes. He was now chosen King--a title
he later
exchanged for that of Duke of Normandy. He continued to conquer
smaller cities
and ravage the land until the King of France in desparation made a
treaty with
Rollo, thus ridding France of a dangerous foe and at the same time
making a
powerful friend who might help him keep his unruly nobles in order.
He there-
fore made Rollo sovereign of his northern province with the title of
Duke of
Normandy (912 A.D.) and gave his daughter Gisela in marriage. Rollo
became a
Christian and celebrated his marriage to Gisela with great pomp in
Rouen. His
previous marriage to Popa did not seem to have caused him any
scruple, though
he seems to have regarded the latter as a wife and when Gisela died
he resumed
marital relations with Popa. She was the mother of his beloved son,
William
Longsword. The peasants were not slow to discover that they were
better off
under Rollo than they had ever been under their former ruler, and
they rewarded
him with sincere loyalty and devotion. Rollo the Ganger (walker)
must have been
nearly eighty years old when he died. His son, William Longsword,
who succeeded
him, was a man of milder disposition, and in vigor and sagacity,
inferior to his
father. Rollo's descendant in the fifth generation was William the
Conqueror,
who inherited in a larger measure the qualities of his great ancestor.

[s2.FTW]

[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 2, Ed. 1, Tree #1241, Date of Import: May 8, 1997]

!DUKE OF NORMANDY
Rolf or Rollo was the first Norseman to settle or conquer that part of Northern France called Normandy. From Rolf are descended the Jarls (Earls) of Normandy (including William the Conqueror) and the Kings of England.

"Rolf was a great Viking; he was grown so big that no steed could bear him and therefore he walked everywhere; he was called Rolf the Ganger. He harried much in the eastern countries. One summer when he had come to the Vik from a Viking raid in the east he made a shore raid. King Harald was then in the Vik, and when he learned of this he became very wroth, for he had strongly forbidden robbery in the land. At the thing, therefor, King Harald declared Rolf to be an outlaw in Norway. But when Rolf's mother heard that, she went to the king and asked frith for Rolf. But the king was so wroth that her asking availed her naught. Then quoth Hild:

The name of Nevja is torn;
Now driven in flight from the land
Is the warrior's bold kinsman.
Why be so hard, my lord?

Evil it is by such a wolf,
Noble prince, to be bitten;
He will not spare the flock
If he is driven to the woods.

Rolf the Ganger afterwards crossed the sea to the Hebrides and from there went south-west to France; he harried there and possessed himself of a great jarldom [usually assumed to be in about 876], and it was afterwards called Normandy. From Rolf are descended the jarls in Normandy. ...from whom are descended all the later kings of England. Queen Ragnhild the Mighty lived three years after she came to Norway...." [Rolf is believed to have died about 931, after abdicating to his son William Longsword in 928, and is buried in Notre Dame Cathedral in Rouen, and at least part of his body was moved to Fecamp about 1060. He is called Rollo or Rollon by the French].

Source: Snorre Sturlason (1179-1241), "Heimskringla or the Lives of the Norse Kings" (NY: Dover, 1932, 1990). Also, genealogical source is Church of JC of the LDS "Ancestral File" CD-Rom database, ver 4.17.

Norsk Diografisk Leksikon, Norw. 10, v.4, p.351-353; Plantagenet Ancestry, England 116, p.6; Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p.17-24, 31-45; Gen. Tab. Souv., France 22, Tab. 48; Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100-101; Espolin (GS #12462, pt 1, p. 97); !The Noble Lineage of the Delaware West Family by Anne Fox 1958; Name varient: Hrolf, he was baptized by the Bishop of France and was given the name of Robert. From http://www8.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/html/chl-enter.html.[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 2, Ed. 1, Tree #1241, Date of Import: May 8, 1997]

!DUKE OF NORMANDY
Rolf or Rollo was the first Norseman to settle or conquer that part of Northern France called Normandy. From Rolf are descended the Jarls (Earls) of Normandy (including William the Conqueror) and the Kings of England.

"Rolf was a great Viking; he was grown so big that no steed could bear him and therefore he walked everywhere; he was called Rolf the Ganger. He harried much in the eastern countries. One summer when he had come to the Vik from a Viking raid in the east he made a shore raid. King Harald was then in the Vik, and when he learned of this he became very wroth, for he had strongly forbidden robbery in the land. At the thing, therefor, King Harald declared Rolf to be an outlaw in Norway. But when Rolf's mother heard that, she went to the king and asked frith for Rolf. But the king was so wroth that her asking availed her naught. Then quoth Hild:

The name of Nevja is torn;
Now driven in flight from the land
Is the warrior's bold kinsman.
Why be so hard, my lord?

Evil it is by such a wolf,
Noble prince, to be bitten;
He will not spare the flock
If he is driven to the woods.

Rolf the Ganger afterwards crossed the sea to the Hebrides and from there went south-west to France; he harried there and possessed himself of a great jarldom [usually assumed to be in about 876], and it was afterwards called Normandy. From Rolf are descended the jarls in Normandy. ...from whom are descended all the later kings of England. Queen Ragnhild the Mighty lived three years after she came to Norway...." [Rolf is believed to have died about 931, after abdicating to his son William Longsword in 928, and is buried in Notre Dame Cathedral in Rouen, and at least part of his body was moved to Fecamp about 1060. He is called Rollo or Rollon by the French].

Source: Snorre Sturlason (1179-1241), "Heimskringla or the Lives of the Norse Kings" (NY: Dover, 1932, 1990). Also, genealogical source is Church of JC of the LDS "Ancestral File" CD-Rom database, ver 4.17.

Norsk Diografisk Leksikon, Norw. 10, v.4, p.351-353; Plantagenet Ancestry, England 116, p.6; Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p.17-24, 31-45; Gen. Tab. Souv., France 22, Tab. 48; Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100-101; Espolin (GS #12462, pt 1, p. 97); !The Noble Lineage of the Delaware West Family by Anne Fox 1958; Name varient: Hrolf, he was baptized by the Bishop of France and was given the name of Robert. From http://www8.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/html/chl-enter.html.

Basic Life Information

Rollo, occasionally known as Rollo the Viking, (c. 860 - c. 932) was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. He is also in some sources known as Robert of Normandy, using his baptismal name. The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from Scandinavian name Hrólf.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo,_Count_(or_Duke)_of_Normandy

The founder of the line, Rollo or Rolf the Ganger, was a Viking raider chief, who was born in 850, at Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway, the son of Ragnvald 'the Wise' Eysteinson and his second wife, Hiltrude (Ragnhild) Hrolfsdottir.

Rolf was granted the region of Normandy by Charles the Simple, King of France, in 911, at the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, in exchange for feudal alliegiance and conversion to Christianity at which he took the baptismal name of Robert. He was baptized in a fountain fed by a spring named in honor of Saint Clair.
<http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/dukes_of_normandy.htm>

Origin

Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.

However, Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse (or at least not the Norwegian ponies of that era) could carry him.

The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo,_Count_(or_Duke)_of_Normandy

Invasion of France

Statue of Rollo in RouenIn 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.

Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.

In 911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of King Charles the Simple. In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings. In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert. In return, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.

Settlement

Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River.

Marriage and Children

Rolf took as his second wife Popee, the daughter of the Berengar of Rennes, the previous Lord of Normandy, the marriage produced six children:-
William I 'Longsword' ( 901-0942)
Robert (c. 903-)
Crespina (c. 905-)married Grimaldus Prince of Monaco, from this issue came the Grimaldi line of Monaco.
Gerlatta (c.907-) married William II of Aquitaine.
Kathlin (c.909-) wife of Bjolan, a Scottish King
Adela (Gerloc) (c.911-962)

Rollo then repudiated Poppa and married in 912 Gisela (d.919) daughter of Charles III of France and had:
Griselle wife of Thorbard av Møre (Which was changed to Herbert de la Mare, when he became the first Lord of St. Opportune-la-Mare. Opportune-the-Mare).

He then re-married his first wife again after Gisela's death.

<http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/dukes_of_normandy.htm>, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo>

Death

According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo,_Count_(or_Duke)_of_Normandy

Legacy

Rollo is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is a direct ancestor and predecessor of the present-day British royal family.

The "Clameur de Haro" in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo,_Count_(or_Duke)_of_Normandy

--Rollo is often mistakenly referred to as Rollo "the Dane" In fact he was Norwegian of royal descent, but many of his followers were Danish vikings as well as vikings from all of the Scandinavian countries. He was thought to be a giant in his day, his nickname Hrolf the Ganger means Hrolf the walker. He was so large that he could not comfortably ride on the small Norwegian horses of the time. Because of Long gangly legs. when he rode a horse his feet would hit and bounce along the ground so that it looked like he was walking, In fact he used to get off and walk and led his armies into battle while walking.

[elen.FTW]

[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 3, Ed. 1, Tree #4579, Date of Import: Jun 15, 2003]

Ganger Rolf, the Viking (or Rollo), was banished from Norway to the Hebrides about 867, participated in Viking attack on Bayeux in 890, where Count Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his daughter Poppa captured and taken, 886, by Rollo (now called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Claire, 911, received the Duchy of Normandy from Charles III, "the Simple".

http://www.mids.org/sinclair/rollo.html

http://members.aol.com/rolloclan/index1.html
Rollo (or Rolf, or Hrolf, or Rou) (860?-930?), Norse conqueror of what
became the French province of Normandy (911).

---------------------------------------------------------
Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia
Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Compton's NewMedia, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Rollo the Viking (855-931) brought his Normans ( northmen, vikings)
from Norway to the northwest of France. This is
the Rollo, or Rollon in the French
spelling, who in 911 at the church in St. Clair sur Epte signed the
treaty with King
Louis the Simple of France that created him hereditary Duke of the new
Duchy of Normandy.

Some say that Rollo was the same as Ganger-Hrolf, or Rollo the
Ganger, who was called that because he was so gangly, to be specific,
his legs were so long that when he rode a horse it looked like he was
walking; Ganger means Walker. However, according to Peter
Kurrild-Klitgaard, Ph.D., the early sources all distinguish the
two men.

See message under Richard I, Duke of Normandy. Rollo was the 1st Duke of
Normandy and an ancestor of William I of England, aka, William II of
Normandy. See #301.

Rollo of Normandy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Rollo (c.860 - c.932) was the Frankish-Latin name taken by (probably) Hrolf Ganger (Hrolf the Walker, this was because he was so big no horse could carry him, Old Norse: Hrólfr Rögnvaldsson and Göngu-Hrólfr, Norwegian: Gange-Rolf), Swedish: Gångerolf). He has also been called "Rollo the Gangler" in some works, or occasionally "Robert".

Rollo was a Viking leader, probably (based on Icelandic sources) from Norway, the son of Ragnvald, Earl of Moer; sagas mention a Hrolf, son of Ragnvald jarl of Moer. However, the latinization Rollo has in no known instance been applied to a Hrolf, and in the texts which speak of him, numerous latinized Hrolfs are included. Dudo of St. Quentin (by most accounts a more reliable source, and at least more recent and living nearer the regions concerned), in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum, tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed.(1)

With his followers (known as Normans, or northmen), Rollo invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event, gives a Scandinavian origin, as does the Orkneyinga Saga, with Danish or Norwegian being most likely.

Unlike most Vikings whose intentions were to plunder Frankish lands, Rollo's true intentions were to look for lands to settle. Upon arrival in France, and after many battles with the Vikings, the French King Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their advances, and decided as a tempory measure to give Rollo land around Rouen under the condition that he would convert to Christianity and defend the Seine River from other raiding Vikings.

In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert. In return, and in admission of defeat, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required, in conformity with general usage, to kiss the foot of King Charles, he refused to stoop to what he considered so great a degradation; yet as the homage could not be dispensed with, he ordered one of his warriors to perform it for him. The latter, as proud as his chief, instead of stooping to the royal foot, raised it so high, that the King fell to the ground.

It is important to note that Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen.

Rollo expanded his territory as far west as the Vire River and sometime around 927 he passed the Duchy of Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshiped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true god in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.

He is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is a direct ancestor of the present-day British royal family, including Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The "clameur de haro" on the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.

See also: Ålesund, Viking Age, Dukes of Normandy

Preceded by:
— Duke of Normandy Succeeded by:
William I

1: It should be noted that for Franks, Scandinavians were called Danes irrespective of their precise origin in Scandinavia. This happened for instance in the case of Hygelac, a king of the Geats, who is called Danish, something that has caused many a Danish scholar to state that he is the first historical "king of Denmark". That Dane was confused with Dacia does not make the sources less confusing, and likewise the Geat Hygelac was not only called Danish but also Gothic and Getic depending on the manuscript.

[edit]
References and external links
D.C. Douglas, "Rollo of Normandy", English Historical Review, Vol. 57 (1942), pp. 414-436
Robert Helmerichs, [Rollo as Historical Figure]
Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish Kingdom under the Carolingians, 751-987, (Longman) 1983
Dudonis gesta Normannorum - Dudo of St. Quentin Gesta Normannorum latin version at Bibliotheca Augustana
Dudo of St. Quentin's Gesta Normannorum - An English Translation
Gwyn Jones. Second edition: A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press. (1984).
William W. Fitzhugh and Elizabeth Ward. Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga. Smithsonian Institute Press. (2000)
Eric Christiansen. The Norsemen in the Viking Age. Blackwell Publishers Ltd. (2002)
Agnus Konstam. Historical Atlas of the Viking World. Checkmark Books. (2002)
Holgar Arbman. Ancient People and Places: The Vikings. Thames and Husdson. (1961)
Eric Oxenstierna. The Norsemen, New York Graphics Society Publishers, Ltd. (1965)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Duke of Normandy 911-932. Rollo was sometimes referred to as Rolf. According to some sources, Rollo was born as early as 846. A Norwegian chieftain, Rollo became the *first Norman* when he and his followers settled in the lower Seine area in about 911. At that time, he received the Duchy of Normandy from Charles III of France. Rollo was known as the Walker to his fellow Vikings because he was so stout he could not find a horse to carry him, although according to an alternate theory it was because his legs were so long that they touched the ground while Rollo was astride. Source: RoyaList. The Viking chieftain Rollo, a.k.a. Gangr Hrolfr or Rolf the Ganger and probably the son of Rognvald, Earl of Møre in Norway, controlled the mouth of river Seine in France. Charles the Simple, having exacted a vow of loyalty, bestowed on Rollo the title "Count of Rouen" and gave him the surrounding lands in 911 A.D. This brought the raids of the Vikings to an end and lead to the establishment of the Duchy of Normandy. From this the Vikings turned to a "pay, and we shall keep the peace" policy it seems. Adding up all figures cited in the Frankish sources, we find that they paid the Vikings 310 kilograms of gold, and 19.5 tons of silver. (From *The Viking Age* by Christine & Tom Bjørnstad). Source: Leo van de Pas

http://www.worldroots.com/cgi-bin/gasteldb?@I04692@
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http://www.mids.org/sinclair/rollo.html

http://members.aol.com/rolloclan/index1.html
Rollo (or Rolf, or Hrolf, or Rou) (860?-930?), Norse conqueror of what
became the French province of Normandy (911).

---------------------------------------------------------
Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia
Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Compton's NewMedia, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Rollo the Viking (855-931) brought his Normans ( northmen, vikings)
from Norway to the northwest of France. This is
the Rollo, or Rollon in the French
spelling, who in 911 at the church in St. Clair sur Epte signed the
treaty with King
Louis the Simple of France that created him hereditary Duke of the new
Duchy of Normandy.

Some say that Rollo was the same as Ganger-Hrolf, or Rollo the
Ganger, who was called that because he was so gangly, to be specific,
his legs were so long that when he rode a horse it looked like he was
walking; Ganger means Walker. However, according to Peter
Kurrild-Klitgaard, Ph.D., the early sources all distinguish the
two men.

See message under Richard I, Duke of Normandy. Rollo was the 1st Duke of
Normandy and an ancestor of William I of England, aka, William II of
Normandy. See #301.

http://www.mids.org/sinclair/rollo.html

http://members.aol.com/rolloclan/index1.html
Rollo (or Rolf, or Hrolf, or Rou) (860?-930?), Norse conqueror of what
became the French province of Normandy (911).

---------------------------------------------------------
Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia
Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Compton's NewMedia, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Rollo the Viking (855-931) brought his Normans ( northmen, vikings)
from Norway to the northwest of France. This is
the Rollo, or Rollon in the French
spelling, who in 911 at the church in St. Clair sur Epte signed the
treaty with King
Louis the Simple of France that created him hereditary Duke of the new
Duchy of Normandy.

Some say that Rollo was the same as Ganger-Hrolf, or Rollo the
Ganger, who was called that because he was so gangly, to be specific,
his legs were so long that when he rode a horse it looked like he was
walking; Ganger means Walker. However, according to Peter
Kurrild-Klitgaard, Ph.D., the early sources all distinguish the
two men.

See message under Richard I, Duke of Normandy. Rollo was the 1st Duke of
Normandy and an ancestor of William I of England, aka, William II of
Normandy. See #301.

Ganger Rolf, "the Viking" (or Rollo), banished from Norway to the Hebrides ca. 876, 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeus, where Count Berenger of Bayeus was killed, and his dau. Poppa captured and taken, 886, by Rollo (now called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Claire, 911, rec'd the Duchy of Normandy from Charles III, "the Simple"; d ca 927 (Isenburg says 931), bur Notre Dame, Rouen.

Note for: Rollo Ragnvaldsson, 870 - 931
1 Duke of Normandy
Originally known as Ragnvaldsson, Rolf the Ganger
From Lulea University, Sweden
Rollo, or Rolf the pirate as he was called in french historybooks was a rather fascinating man. He was an outlaw (even by Viking standards) and had been robbing, slaughtering and plundering all over the french coast for some time. When he got tired of this he sailed up thorugh seine and in to Paris which he besieged. After some time the whole county around Paris hade been so thorougly plundered that the french king, in Sweden called Karl den enfaldige (Karl the stupid), had to negotiate with Rollo.
They met in the little community St Claire at the river Epte between Rouen and Paris. Here they signed a contract which gave Rollo the control over all the land between Epte at Seine to the border of Bretagne, this land is to day called Normandy. The french king had no longer any jurisdiciton over this county (he was not entiteld to get any taxes or enroll men in his army or even appoint a new duke in this county). The treaty was sealed with a marriage between Rollo and the french kings daughter (What she thought about is not told) Gisla. That he was married before this was obviously of no importance.
To be able to get married he had to be baptized. This was done in the Church of St Clair (where the market place in front of the church still is named Place Rollon). The frenchmen formed a group on one side and the Viking on the other. The ceremony was held by Robert of Francien. After the ceremony and the trety had been signed Rollo was meant to kiss the kings foot to show that he accepted the king as his superior. As Rollo according to himself didn't have any superiors he refused to do this. After a short quarrel a representative was sent forward to do it in Rollos place. He, is it told, stepped forward, took the foot in his hand lifted it up kissed it, lifted the king in his feet and throwed him out the window. Needless to say this wasn't very popular among the frenchmen.
The treaty is no longer available but has been reviewed by the author Dudos in his book 'Historia Norrmannorum' which deals with the Normandic dukes history.
Back in Normandy the Nordic King showed what he was worth and surprisingly he turned out to be a very good and rather popular king. He and his people soon settled down in this new country. They got baptized, adopted the christian fate, married local girls and in general blended in with the natives. But the ruling family retained some of the Viking spirit and for several hundred years they where a force to count with. One of his ancestors became Wilhelm the conqueror (his name was Guillaume le Conquerant) which 1066 conquered England and became the new king. Richard Lionheart is one of his ancestors.
Other persons which was related to Rollos family played important roles. Among them where some christian knights which played an important role in the first crusades the years 1095 and 1099. They founded the kingdom Neapel-Sicily and conquered Libanon and created yet another kingdom in Syria. They stayed here until 1402. The same year a normandic knight his own small kingdom at the Canary Islands.

Source: web site of John Kelly - http://www.spectrumdata.com/kelly/

http://www.mids.org/sinclair/rollo.html

http://members.aol.com/rolloclan/index1.html
Rollo (or Rolf, or Hrolf, or Rou) (860?-930?), Norse conqueror of what
became the French province of Normandy (911).

---------------------------------------------------------
Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia
Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Compton's NewMedia, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Rollo the Viking (855-931) brought his Normans ( northmen, vikings)
from Norway to the northwest of France. This is
the Rollo, or Rollon in the French
spelling, who in 911 at the church in St. Clair sur Epte signed the
treaty with King
Louis the Simple of France that created him hereditary Duke of the new
Duchy of Normandy.

Some say that Rollo was the same as Ganger-Hrolf, or Rollo the
Ganger, who was called that because he was so gangly, to be specific,
his legs were so long that when he rode a horse it looked like he was
walking; Ganger means Walker. However, according to Peter
Kurrild-Klitgaard, Ph.D., the early sources all distinguish the
two men.

See message under Richard I, Duke of Normandy. Rollo was the 1st Duke of
Normandy and an ancestor of William I of England, aka, William II of
Normandy. See #301.

http://www.mids.org/sinclair/rollo.html

http://members.aol.com/rolloclan/index1.html
Rollo (or Rolf, or Hrolf, or Rou) (860?-930?), Norse conqueror of what
became the French province of Normandy (911).

---------------------------------------------------------
Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia
Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Compton's NewMedia, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Rollo the Viking (855-931) brought his Normans ( northmen, vikings)
from Norway to the northwest of France. This is
the Rollo, or Rollon in the French
spelling, who in 911 at the church in St. Clair sur Epte signed the
treaty with King
Louis the Simple of France that created him hereditary Duke of the new
Duchy of Normandy.

Some say that Rollo was the same as Ganger-Hrolf, or Rollo the
Ganger, who was called that because he was so gangly, to be specific,
his legs were so long that when he rode a horse it looked like he was
walking; Ganger means Walker. However, according to Peter
Kurrild-Klitgaard, Ph.D., the early sources all distinguish the
two men.

See message under Richard I, Duke of Normandy. Rollo was the 1st Duke of
Normandy and an ancestor of William I of England, aka, William II of
Normandy. See #301.

DESCENT: Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., Ancestral Roots
of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700, 7th ed., at 110
(1992). 121E-18.

Rollo (c. 860 – c. 932), baptised Robert, was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy.

The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrólfr (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr Kraki into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum, modern Scandinavian name Rolf).

[edit] Historical evidence
Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.

Latin Wikisource has original text related to this article:
De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducumNorwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse (or at least not the Norwegian ponies of that era) could carry him.

The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.

[edit] Invasion of France

Statue of Rollo in RouenIn 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.

Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.

In 911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of King Charles the Simple.[1] In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings. In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert.[2] In return, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.[3]

[edit] Settlement
Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River.

[edit] Death

Rollo's grave at the cathedral of RouenSometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.

[edit] Legacy
Rollo is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is a direct ancestor and predecessor of the present-day British royal family.

The "Clameur de Haro" in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.

[edit] Family
Rollo married firstly Poppa de Bayeux, they had issue:

William Longsword
Gerloc (Adele)
Kadline, wife of Bjolan, a Scottish King.
Gerletta married William II of Aquitaine.
Crispina married Grimaldus Prince of Monaco, from this issue came the Grimaldi line of Monaco.
Rollo then repudiated Poppa and married in 912 Gisela (d.919) daughter of Charles III of France and had:

Griselle wife of Thorbard av Møre (Which was changed to Herbert de la Mare, when he became the first Lord of St. Opportune-la-Mare. Opportune-the-Mare).
He then re-married his first wife again after Gisela's death.

[Weis 110] banished from Norway to the Hebrides ca. 876, 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, where Count Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his dau. Poppa captured and taken, 886, by Rollo (now called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Claire, 911, rec'd the Duchy of Normandy from Charles III, "the Simple" (148-17).He was a Norwegian Viking leader who repeatedly attacked King Alfred's England. He then crossed the channel and sailed up the Seine toward Paris, laying waste to whatever was in his path. He and his men settled along the river and the northwestern coast of what is now France, giving the region of Normandy its name.
King Charles "the Simple" gave him the title Duke of Normandy in 912, and Rollo accepted Christianity.

[Wikipedia, "Rollo of Normandy", retrieved 19 Oct 07]
Rollo (c. 860 - c. 932) was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. He is also in some sources known as Robert of Normandy.

The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from Scandinavian name Hrólf (cf. the latinization of Hrólf Kraki into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum).

Historical evidence
Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum(Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.

Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Iceland. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse could carry him.

The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.

Invasion of France
In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.

Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.

Rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, the Frankish king, Charles the Simple, understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings.

In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert. In return, and in admission of defeat, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.[citation needed]

Settlement
Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River.

Death
Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped,[citation needed] and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true god in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.

Legacy
Rollo is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is a direct ancestor and predecessor of the present-day British royal family, including Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The "Clameur de Haro" in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.

Became a conqueror and Duke of Normandy.

Rollo, the Viking, was granted land in Northwestern France in 911 AD byCharles the Simple, King of France. Charles hoped that Rollo would d efendhis new land, barring the length of the Seine River to other Viki nggroups. Rollo remained fathful to Charles and he and his son quickly expanded the original land grant at the expense of neighboring Frenchl ords and huarded it well against Viking givals. Even before Rollo'sgra ndson Richard took over the domain in 942, the descendants of theVikin gs had accepted Christianity, intermarried with the local populationan d adopted the French language. ALready they were being called Normans, a contraction of Northmen and their territory became known as Normandy .Richard's great-grandson was King William I, conqueror of England. Ro llowas also known as "Rolf"

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Enormous-No Horse Could Carry Him
Given Land Around Mouth Of The Seine And City Of Rouen

Alias: Rolf the Ganger (Wend-a-Foot), Rollo, Rou, Rollon
According to Encyclopdia Britannica:
"b.c. 860, d. c. 932 also called Rolf, or Rou, French Rollon, Scandinavian Rover who founded the duchy of Normandy. Making himself independent of King Harald I of Norge, Rollo sailed off to raid Scotland, England, Vlaanderen, and France on pirating expeditions and, about 911, established himself in an area along the Seine River. Charles III the Simple of France held off his siege of Paris, battled him near Chartres, and negotiated the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, giving him the part of Neustria that came to be called Normandy; Rollo in return agreed to end his brigandage. He gave his son, Willelm I Longsword, governance of the dukedom (927) before his death. Rollo was baptized in 912 but is said to have died a pagan."
Some sources list his birth in 846.

Rollo was the Norse conqueror of Normandy.
A Viking, and the founder of the Duchy of Normandy. During the reign of A lfred the Great, Rollo could have been a member of the 'Great Heaten Host ' who attacked England around 892. His first known whereabouts are in Fra nce in 911 where he laid siege to Chartres. The Vikings were beaten on th is occasion and the king of France Charles III used his advantage of th e situation to persuade the Vikings to stay by offering them land and s o help protect France from further Viking raids.
Rollo renounced his pagan past and became a Christian. Rollo laid the fou ndation for the Norman dynasty that resulted in William the Conqueror 22 0 invading England in 1066.
In the year 911 Rollo founds the Norman Dynasty
In return for land in Northen France, Rollo 647 , a Viking, swears alle giance to the Frence king Charles III. Charles' motives were to use a set tled band of Vikings in his country to help prvent more Viking attacks i n the future. The hope that Charles may have had of removing the Viking s at a later date proved impossible to implement.
1st Count of Rouen (0911-0928)
Rollo acquired the name Göngu-Hrolf meaning Hrolf "the Walker" because h e was so big that no horse could carry him.
Rollo and his fellow Vikings seized Rouen on the river Seine at the end o f the 9th century. Rollo forced Charles III "the Simple", King of Franc e into recognising the Northmen (Normanni) at the Treaty of St. Clair-sur -Epte in 0911. Rollo converted to Christianity and became Count of Rouen , technically owing fealty to Charles III.
Between 0911 and 0928 Rollo and his son William "Longsword" expand thei r lands with military power, capitalising on the infighting in the Franki sh aristocracy. In 0924 they captured Bayeux and Maine.
(Hrólf) Duchy of Normandy, by King Charles "the Simple" of France, by a T reaty signed at Castle St. Clair-sur-Epte in 911 AD and from which plac e the Sinclairs (St. Clairs) take their name.
Some say that Rollo was the same as Ganger-Hrolf, or Rollo the Ganger, wh o was called that because he was so gangly, to be specific, his legs wer e so long that when he rode a horse it looked like he was walking; Gange r means Walker. However, according to Peter Kurrild-Klitgaard, Ph.D., th e early sources all distinguish the two men
Sometimes referred to as Rolf.

According to some sources, Rollo was born as early as 846.

A Norwegian Viking chieftain, Rollo became the "first Norman" when he an d his followers settled in the lower Seine area in about 911. At that tim e, he received the Duchy of Normandy from Charles III of France.

Rollo was known as the Walker to his fellow Vikings because he was so sto ut he couldn't find a horse to carry him, although according to an altern ate theory it was because his legs were so long that they touched the gro und while Rollo was astride.

Rollo
In 911, a group of Scandinavian raiders under the leadership of Roll o sailed up the Seine and forced the French king to cede French territory . The price the king asked was that Rollo become a subject of the king an d swear loyalty. This he did, and the Norsemen settled a very small are a in the north of France. Rollo, however, considered himself to be an ind ependent ruler and aggressively set about increasing the territory unde r his control. This constant expansion of territory would become the hall mark of the Norman experience in history.
Normandy was in name a duchy of France, but the Norman dukes ruled th e area as if it were an independent kingdom with little interference fro m the French king. By the eleventh century, the duchy of Normandy had bec ome one of the most powerful regions in western Europe. There were, howev er, even more promising times ahead-in 1066, the Norman duke, William th e Bastard, conquered the English forces of Harold Godwinson and became ki ng of England. Norman culture and political structure would cross the cha nnel and dramatically change English culture and history.
The Scandinavians who settled Normandy very quickly adopted the religi on, customs, and language of the surrounding French populations. Rollo co nverted to Catholicism, but the adoption of French culture and language d id not immediately alter the social structure of the Norman lords. From 9 11 until 980, the history of the Normans is one of constant blood-feuds a nd territorial battles, a history similar to that played out in early Sca ndinavia, the Danelaw in England, and Iceland.
Around 980, however, the Normans began to develop a unique set of inst itutions that would catapult them into the front-rank of European power a nd cultural influence. The most significant event in early Norman histor y was the placing of Hugh Capet on the throne of France-the Capetians onl y gained the throne through the help of the Normans and in gratitude, the y allowed the Normans to operate independently.
Once free from monarchical intrusion, the Norman dukes began to solidi fy an administrative system over their territories. This system became th e model for subsequent medieval government: the feudal system. The Norman s faced sporadic resistance from nobility within their domains. To counte r this nobility, the Norman lords made clergy, who were largely drawn fro m the nobility, as their vassals since the monastic and church lands wer e on lands owned by the duke. All the knights resident on church and mona stic lands the dukes forced into military loyalty. They used this core o f vassals and knights to overcome the nobility which were forced to ente r into feudal obligations to the duke.
The word, "feudal," comes from the word, "feud." A feudal obligation , then, was essentially built off of clan or tribal protection. For the e arly tribal Scandinavians, the only way to enforce law was through clan p rotection and blood-feuds. Should a crime be committed against a member o f the clan, it was the job of the entire clan to either seek retributio n or enforce a penalty. It was on this ground that the dukes of Noramnd y built their feudal system. Under this system, lay nobility were allowe d to control a certain amount of territory. They were required, however , to enter into oaths to the duke; these oaths required their military se rvice should the duke require it.
The feudal system allowed the Norman dukes to control a vast amount o f territory independently of the Capetian kings. It gave the dukes larg e military resources guaranteed through a network of loyalties. From Norm andy, the feudal system spread rapidly first to Italy and then France-wit h Duke William II, the Bastard, this new and powerful form of governmen t would cross the channel to England.
As with the Scandinavian settlers of Iceland, the Normans did not sta y put in Normandy. With a growing scarcity of land in the eleventh centur y, some Norman lords migrated to Italy where they carved out their own in dependent Norman duchies. Italy had remained a largely non-urbanized an d backward country after it had been devastated by Justinian's attempt t o retake the western empire at the beginning of the sixth century. The es tablishment of Norman duchies and the feudal system in Italy was the prim ary reason for the recovery of Italy in the later middle ages.
William
The turning point in European history, however, was the Norman invasion o f England in 1066. England had seen Scandinavian invasions before; thes e invasions and the subsequent emigrations had carved out an entire Danis h kingdom in the north of England, the Danelaw. When the Norman descendan ts of Scandinavian raiders returned in the eleventh century, they gaine d control over Anglo-Saxon England and would eventually be responsible fo r English supremacy over most of Britain.
The man responsible had been born to the Duke of Normandy before tha t Duke had married; he would be called William the Bastard and his clai m to the duchy was tenuous at best. For all that, however, he would effec tively rule the duchy for fifty years (1035- 1087).
It was under William that the feudal system attained its final form. H e completed the process of making the lay nobility vassals and perfecte d the form of military service they would provide. Each vassal would prov ide a certain number of knights or horsemen-the number was determined b y the amount of land that had been granted to them. The tenants-in-chie f of the various lands could not build castles without permission; this a llowed William to prevent untrustworthy nobility from having defenses aga inst the duke. Finally, while the tenants-in-chief had almost complete co ntrol over their lands and the revenues from those lands, the administrat ion of law and the collection of taxes was in part controlled by an offic ial of the duke, the viscount. However, many of the nobility that were va ssals of the duke had made knights and others sub-vassals under themselve s. So while the nobility owed loyalty to William, the sub-vassals owed th eir loyalty to the various nobility. Under William, however, all sub-vass als became vassals of the duke. The network of loyalties always snaked ba ck to the powerful figure of the duke-should their be a conflict betwee n a nobleman and the duke, the sub-vassals of the nobleman were require d to run to the side of the duke.
This system of government, an elaborate and administrative extension o f the older logic of clan protection, allowed William to assemble a milit ary of over one thousand knights-quite possibly the largest military forc e in Europe in the eleventh century. After securing the peace in Normand y through the elaboration of feudal government, William began to look acr oss the channel in the 1050's and hatched his schemes to seize English te rritory and the Anglo-Saxon monarchy.
England, though larger, wealthier, and more progressed than Normandy , was administratively the contrary of the small duchy. While the Norman s had concentrated power and resources, the Anglo-Saxons had allowed thei r monarchy to decline. The country was divided into a myriad of earldom s which were run as more or less independent kingdoms. Individual earls c ontrolled not only their lands, but royal revenues, law, and privileges.
William claimed the throne of England based on a promise given him b y the Edward the Confessor, the Anglo-Saxon king. Having been captured b y the Normans and then ransomed, Edward, according to Norman propaganda , promised to William the throne of England when he passed away. Needles s to say, the throne of England was not granted to William on Edward's de ath, but instead fell to Harold Godwinson.
William used this insult as a pretext to invade England. However, Haro ld had also to deal with a Norwegian claim to the throne and a subsequen t invasion. He successfully held back that invasion, but as soon as he wa s finished, William landed in England. William faced an Anglo-Saxon arm y that had just fought an invading Norwegian and had been marched south t o meet him. This, combined with the incredibly superior military concentr ation of the Norman forces, allowed William to easily defeat the Anglo-Sa xons and kill Harold. The Anglo-Saxon period in England effectively cam e to an end, but the importation of Norman culture and government would o pen up a radically new and dynamic tangent in English history.
When William took the crown, his first order of business was to brea k the power of the Anglo-Saxon earls who were the real powers in England , not the king. The history of William's reign in England, and that of hi s predecessors, would be to develop the feudal system into a full-out pol itical monarchy. That is the history of medieval England, a history tha t coincides with a gradual dissemination of a common European culture an d society. From The Chronicle of St. Denis Based on Dudo and William of Jumièges [Vo l. III, p. 105].
The king had at first wished to give to Rollo the province of Flanders, b ut the Norman rejected it as being too marshy. Rollo refused to kiss th e foot of Charles when he received from him the duchy of Normandy. "He wh o receives such a gift," said the bishops to him, "ought to kiss the foo t of the king." "Never," replied he, "will I bend the knee to anyone, o r kiss anybody's foot." Nevertheless, impelled by the entreaties of the F ranks, he ordered one of his warriors to perform the act in his stead. Th is man seized the foot of the king and lifted it to his lips, kissing i t without bending and so causing the king to tumble over backwards. At th at there was a loud burst of laughter and a great commotion in the crow d of onlookers. King Charles, Robert, Duke of the Franks, the counts an d magnates, and the bishops and abbots, bound themselves by the oath of t he Catholic faith to Rollo, swearing by their lives and their bodies an d by the honor of all the kingdom, that he might hold the land and transm it it to his heirs from generation to generation throughout all time to c ome. When these things had been satisfactorily performed, the king return ed in good spirits into his dominion, and Rollo with Duke Robert set ou t for Rouen.
In the year of our Lord 912 Rollo was baptized in holy water in the nam e of the sacred Trinity by Franco, archbishop of Rouen. Duke Robert, wh o was his godfather, gave to him his name. Rollo devotedly honored God an d the Holy Church with his gifts. . . . The pagans, seeing that their chi eftain had become a Christian, abandoned their idols, received the name o f Christ, and with one accord desired to be baptized. Meanwhile, the Norm an duke made ready for a splendid wedding and married the daughter of th e king [Gisela] according to Christian rites.
Rollo gave assurance of security to all those who wished to dwell in hi s country. The land he divided among his followers, and, as it had bee n a long time unused, he improved it by the construction of new buildings . It was peopled by the Norman warriors and by immigrants from outside re gions. The duke established for his subjects certain inviolable rights an d laws, confirmed and published by the will of the leading men, and he co mpelled all his people to live peaceably together. He rebuilt the churche s, which had been entirely ruined; he restored the temples, which had bee n destroyed by the ravages of the pagans; he repaired and added to the wa lls and fortifications of the cities; he subdued the Britons who rebelle d against him; and with the provisions obtained from them he supplied al l the country that had been granted to him.

1st Duke of Normandy

Rollo Ragnvaldsson, 1st Duc de Normandie1 (M)
b. circa 846, d. circa 931, #104767
Pedigree
Last Edited=20 Aug 2005

Rollo Ragnvaldsson, 1st Duc de Normandie was born circa 846 in Maer, Norway.3 He was the son of Ragnvald I 'the Wise' Eysteinsson, Earl of More and Ragnhild Hrolfsdottir.2 He was also reported to have been born in 870 in Norway. He married, firstly, Poppa of Normandy de Valois, daughter of Berenger of Bayeaux de Senlis, Count of Bayeaux, in 886.2 He married, secondly, Gisela, daughter of Charles III, Roi de France and Frederuna, in 912.2 He died circa 931 in Rouen, Normandy, France.3
Rollo Ragnvaldsson, 1st Duc de Normandie was also known as Rolf. He was created 1st Duc de Normandie in 911.1

Children of Rollo Ragnvaldsson, 1st Duc de Normandie and Poppa of Normandy de Valois
Robert of Corbeil 2
Crespina de Normandie 2
Gerletta de Normandie 2
Kathlin de Normandie 2
Guillaume I 'Longsword', 2nd Duc de Normandie+ b. c 900, d. 17 Dec 9422
Adele de Normandie+ b. c 917, d. a 14 Oct 9622
Citations
1. [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 86. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World.
2. [S106] Royal Genealogies Website (ROYAL92.GED), online . Hereinafter cited as Royal Genealogies Website.
3. [S125] Richard Glanville-Brown, online , Richard Glanville-Brown (RR 2, Milton, Ontario, Canada), downloaded 17 August 2005.

References: History and Genealogy of the Pearsall Family in england and America (3 Vols)1928 by clarence e Pearsall; soule, Sowle and soulis History (1926) by g.T. Ridlon, Sr.; Ancestral Roots of sixty Colonists by frederick Lewis Weis (4th ed-1969)

*************

Scandanavian Ancestry (Rollo)

Rollo, is claimed to be a direct descendant of ours through our Finley ancestry. Rolo was a Norwegian Jarl (chieftain or noble). He was a sea pirate, who earned the disfavor of King Harold of Norway who caused his eviction from Norway. Rollo with a large fleet, landed at Roeun, France and became the conqueror of Normandy (the northern area of France above Paris. As the conqueror, he gave land and titles to his fellow Scandanavians.
William the Conqueror, was a direct descendant of Rollo and of Scandanavian blood. William invaded and conquered Great Britain with the assistance of many noblemen from Normandy. William's decisive victory was at the Battle of Hastings. Subsequent to the Battle of Hastings, a list was caused to be compiled by William of the names of those men who had crossed the sea with him from Normandy to England. This list was suspended in the magnificent abbey he constructed on the site of the battle.
The list became known as the "Roll of Battell Abbey". This ancient document states in part, : "Many who came out of Normandy were nobles in their native country;especially such as were stiled from their places(of residence) as Le Sire de Soule, Le Sieur de Haye, or Le Sieur de Mortain, whereby we understand them Lords (equivalent to the English title) and owners of such manors, towns and castles(chateaus)from whence they took their denominations or surnames." Based upon the above the author of the Soule, Sowle, and Soulis History concludes no family in the living present has a greater claim to a Norman origin than the Soule family.
The Conqueror bestowed upon those who filled important command in his army manorial estates all over England, as promised he had promised to induce them to join. It is assumed that the Le Siere de Soule did not survive the Battle of Hastings, since no estate was was immediately conferred upon him as proven by the absence of his name from Doomsday survey. Soon thereafter, However, the
Soule-Solis family came to England soon thereafter and were given vast holdings in England and Scotland.
Therefore, Sandanavian Norman heritage is claimed by notable genealogists of both the Soule and Pearsall families. Rollo, the Scandanavian Conqueror of Norway may be considered our symbolic ancester. (See Soule, Sowle and Soules History by rev G.T. Ridlon, Sr. (1926); History and Genealogy of the Pearsall Family in England and America by Clarence e. Pearsall, 3 Vols (1928)).

[2207] or Rolf
DUDLE.GED file: 1st Duke of Normandy; b abt 846, d abt 932

Founder of the royal House of Normandy and England, 1st Duke of Normandy, 912 "Americans of Royal Descent", Charles H. Browning, p. 25; Hralfr Gongen Rollo - COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 6; Gonge Rolf (Marching Rolf) "Rollo the Dane", 1st Duke of Normandy - NORM.TAF (Compuserve)

COLVER31.TXT file 'Gange-Rolf', d. 927

WSHNGT.ASC file (Geo Washington Ahnentafel) # 34900768 = 3682840; b abt 870 of Maer, Norway, d 927/932

"Our Royal Descent from Alfred 'the Great' ..." in Steve Clare papers, p 41, his first home in France was the great Castle of 'Mount St. Michael'

http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~churchh/edw3chrt.html#BEGIN or Rolf b 845 d 931

"Bloodline ...", p 416, 427-31, d 927, Count of Ronen (the Ganger); the 1st Norman (Northman), founder of Normandy 911

http://www.generation.net/~grail/chsinclx.htm Saint Clair Bloodlinks (Clare & Sinclair) genealogy chart: shows his ancestry as
"Rogenwald Earl of Maere (der. 'Arimathea'?) a near-relative of King Harold of Norway was granted, in 888 AD, Orkney Isles ... 490 yrs later Henry Sinclair claims Orkneys based on this grant"

A note for Adelheid or Adele (917-962) (RIN=20304) wife of William III (929-963) reads "... cf file EDW3.DOC ... says her parents were Rollo (Rolf) Duke of NORMANDY (845-931) and Poppa (Papia) (848- )" [this note comes from the Internet site http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~churchh/edw3chrt.html#BEGIN]

Royalty for Commoners, The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philippa by Roderick W. Stuart, Revised Second Edition, Copyright 1995, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1001 N. Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 95-79107, ISBN 0-8063-1486-9

http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal03014 Ragnvaldsson, Robert (Rollo) of Norway, Duke of Normandy 1st; acc 911 cf. Europisch Stammtafeln Bund II tafel 36.

"Royalty for Commoners, The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philippa" by Roderick W. Stuart, Rev. 2nd Ed, 1995, Genealogical Publ Co., Inc., Lib Congr Cat Card No 95-79107, ISBN 0-8063-1486-9.
or Rollon, Granger Rolf; 1st Duke of Normandy, a Viking; Count of Rouen

a.k.a. the Norwegian Viking Hrolf the Ganger, so called because he was so huge no horse could carry him and he had to walk ("King Harald's Saga", p 130 footnote)

[Geoffrey De Normandie, Gedcom BSJTK Smith Family Tree.ged]

Note:
Name Suffix: Duke of Normandy
Ancestral File Number: 9GDD-2H
Sources:
A. Roots 121E, 243A; Kraentzler 1160, 1443, 1453; RC 162, 166; Coe; Guizot; The Normans and Their Myth (chart) by R.H.C. Davis; Pfafman; WED Stokes;
A History of the Vikings by Gwyn Jones; Ashley; Norr, p59.
He established the Northmen in France and was the first Duke of Normandy.
Count of Rouen. Conquered Normandy. Also known as Hrolf (Gongu-Hrolfr),
Rollon, Ganger and Granger Rolf.
WED says the area near "Mora, Norway, was the domain of the jarl of More, whose son Hrolf, with his followers...in 911 settled in the district later known as Normandy."
Roots: Ganger Rolf, "the Viking (or Rollo), banished from Norway to the
Hebrides ca. 876; 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, where Count Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his daughter Poppa taken, 886, by Rollo (now called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Clair, 911, received the Duchy of Normandy from Charles III, "the Simple."
Davis: Rollo, ruler of Normandy from 911-931. The dukes of Normandy free
married with non-Scandinavians. "Rollo is said to have married the daughter of the Frankish king and to have had his son by the daughter of a Frankish count. That son, William, married the daughter of a Frankish count and had his son, Richard, by a Breton. None of the dukes' wives came from Scandinavia or England, and by the first half of the 11th century their family connections were typically French." An early historian, Dudo, said Rollo wasDanish.
Ashley: Count Rolllo or Rolf the Viking., died 993?
Norr: Rollo or Rolf, 1st duke of Normandy 912-917-(927), born about 856. He was of the same Danish origin as the ancestors of the English which his descendants conquered in 1066.

BIOGRAPHY: Norwegian Viking settled at mouth of Seine. After fighting many battles, made an agreement with King Charles 'The Simple' - received land in Normandie and 911 became 1st Duc de Normandie and vassel of King.

AKARolf Wend-a-Foot.

Rollo, the Dane, was a Viking pirate that was banished from Norway by his father; and captured Bayeux in 890. He was given the Name of Robert I at his baptism, and was styled as the "Patrician of Normandy".
He aquired his nickname "the Ganger", because he was to big for a horse to carry and had to walk.

He was granted land in North western France in 911 by Charles "the Simple", King of France. Charles hoped that Rollo would defend his new land, barring the length of the Seine River to other Viking groups. Rollo remained faithful to Charles and he and his son quickly expanded the original land grant at the expense of neighboring French lords and guarded it well against Viking rivals.Even before Rollo's grandson Richard took over the domain in 942, the descendants of the Vikings had accepted Christianity, intermarried with the local population and adopted the French language. Already they were being called Normans,a contraction of Northmen, and the irterritory became known as Normandy. Richard's (Rollo's grandson) great-grandson was King William I, conqueror of England.

Rollo, also called ROLF, or ROU, French ROLLON (b. c. 860--d. c. 932),
Scandinavian rover who founded the duchy of Normandy.
Making himself independent of King Harald I of Norway, Rollo sailed off
to raid Scotland, England, Flanders, and France on pirating expeditions
and, about 911, established himself in an area along the Seine River.
Charles III the Simple of France held off his siege of Paris, battled him near Chartres, and negotiated the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, giving him the part of Neustria that came to be called Normandy; Rollo in return agreed to end his brigandage. He gave his son, William I Longsword, governance of the dukedom (927) before his death. Rollo was baptized in 912 but is said to have died a pagan.

Dead

[Geoffrey De Normandie, Gedcom BSJTK Smith Family Tree.ged]

Note:
HUGH D'AVRANCHES, EARL OF CHESTER
The Conqueror and His Companions
by J.R. Planché, Somerset Herald. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1874.

Rongwald, like the majority of his countrymen and kinsmen, had several children by a favourite slave, whom he had married "more Danico," and Hrolf Turstain, the son of one of them [I have Hrollaug Rognvaldson as father of Hrolf], having followed his uncle Rollo into Normandy, managed to secure the hand of Gerlotte de Blois, daughter of Thibaut Count of Blois and Chartres, which seems to have been the foundation of this branch of the great Norse family in Normandy, and the stock from which descended the Lords of Briquebec, of Bec-Crispin, of Montfort-sur-Risle, and others who figure as companions of the Conqueror.

Ancestral File Number: FBFD-7B

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GIVN Rollo Hrolf The
SURN Viking
NSFX Rudejarl*
AFN 9GDD-2H
EVEN The "old pirate"
TYPE AKA
EVEN Dukes of Normandy & Kings of England
TYPE Ancestor of
EVEN Rouen as capital of Normandy
TYPE Established
DATE AFT 911
PLAC Verberie sur Oise,France
EVEN as vassal of Charles the Simple
TYPE Acknowledged
DATE 911
BAPM
DATE ABT 911
PLAC Normandy
EVEN
TYPE Acceded
DATE 911
DATE 27 AUG 2000
TIME 22:55:22

GIVN Rollo Hrolf The
SURN VIKING
NSFX Rudejarl*
ABBR Rollo or Gang-Rolv of Norway son ofRagnvald M0reJa
TITL Rollo or Gang-Rolv of Norway son ofRagnvald M0reJarl: "Fagrskinna"Saga.
142-143.
BAPM
DATE ABT 911
PLAC Normandy
EVEN The "old pirate"
TYPE AKA
ABBR SOURCE #333
TITL Great Britain to 1688 a Modern History. 1961
AUTH Maurice Ashley
PUBL the University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
PAGE Ashley Vol. 1 page 61.
EVEN Count of Rouen
TYPE AKA
EVEN Dukes of Normandy & Kings of England
TYPE Ancestor of
ABBR SOURCE #367
TITL The Highland Clans of Scotland from the Conjectural Tree(frontspiece)
AUTH Sir Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Albany Herald
PUBL Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. Publishers of New York 1982 Revised Edition.
EVEN as vassal of Charles the Simple
TYPE Acknowledged
DATE 911
ABBR SOURCE #333
TITL Great Britain to 1688 a Modern History. 1961
AUTH Maurice Ashley
PUBL the University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
PAGE Ashley Vol. 1 page 61.
EVEN Rouen as capital of Normandy
TYPE Established
DATE AFT 911
PLAC France

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NSFX "the Viking"
TYPE Book
AUTH Å or c:Weis, Frederick Lewis
PERI Ancestral Roots
EDTN 7th
PUBL Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD (1999)
TEXT 121E-18; 144A-19
ACED
DATE 0911When Charles III the Simple King of France gave Ragnvaldsson Rollo, aka Rolf
the Pirate Normandy, and made him Robert I Duke of Normandy to prevent him
from attacking nearer to Paris, he threw his daughter Giesela into the deal.
TYPE E-Mail Message
AUTH McCreight, William ((XXXXX@XXXX.XXX))
TITL Children of Ragnvaldsson Rollo (Robert I Duke of Normandy) and Giesela
DATE 2 Jun 1999
LOCA (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)/PowerMac 6500>Applications>Reunion>Documents-source
DATE 24 APR 2000

EVEN
TYPE Title (Facts Pg)
PLAC Duc de Normandie - 'Gonge Rolf' (The Ganger)Norwegian Viking settled at mouth of Seine. After fighting many battles, made an agreement with King Charles the Simple - received land in Normandie
and 911 became 1st Duc de Normandie and vassel of King.

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy

GIVN Rollo Duke of
SURN NORMANDY
DATE 15 Dec 2000
HIST: @N642@

GIVN Rollo, the Granger, of
SURN NORMANDY
NSFX Count of Rouen & 1st Duke Normandy
ABBR Compuserve
TITL Any information taken from Compuserve.
AUTH Various authors
PAGE From a message sent by T.E. Graves
EVEN Recieved title of 1st Duke of Normandy
TYPE Misc
DATE 912
ABBR History Of England
TITL History textbook
AUTH Katharine Coman & Elizabeth Kimball Kendall
PUBL The Macmillian Co, 1905
PAGE pp 59
QUAY 2

EVEN
TYPE Title (Facts Page)
PLAC 1st Duke, leader Norman PiratesRollo devatated Holland and appeared upon the Seine while Gottfried ravaged the valleys of to Meuse and Saheldt. They burned and sacked Keulen, Bonn, Treves, Metz
and other cities, sabling their horses at Aix-La- Chapelle, in the Cathedral Chich of Charlemagne. A furore Normaunorum Libre nos Domine, came to be part of the Catholic litany.
Hastings, at the head of a band of Nothmen, sacked Bordeaux, Lisbon and Seville,; defeated the Moorish conquerors of Spain at Cordova; crossed the staits in Morocco; repassed them; overan Tuscany;
returned to France,where other chieftains had had various success against Chales the Bald, and embrasedChristianity.
His name, the most dreaded of all the Vikings, was adopted by many successors. With safe winter quarters in Spain, they extended their ravages into Naples, Sicily and the coasts of the Greek Empire.
Anarchy, meanwhile, prevailing in France, in the autumn of 885 they laid siege to Paris. After a year of the siege was into [??] blockade, but at last Charles the Fat, bought off the Northmen with
700 pounds of silver and a free passage to the Upper Seine and Burgandy. The most redoubtable of the Northmen afterward was Hrolf, better known as Rollo, chiefain, of Norwegian parentage, first Duke
of Normandy, and direct ancestor, in the sixth generation, of WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. In the words of Snorro Sturleson: "He was so mighty of a stature that there was no horse of strength and size to
bear him. He was therefore always on foot, and was called the Marcher." He ravaged Friesland and the countries watered by Schieldt, and took Rouen, St Le Bayeux and Evreux. From Charles the Simple
he accepted the hand of a daughter, together with a tract of Nuestrian territory north of the Seine, from Andalye to the sea [modern Normandy] , in exchange for Christian baptism and an oath of
fealty [912]. Thus arrested the Scandavain flood which had devestaded France for more than a century. Rollo distributed among his followers the lands of Nuestria, to be held as the Duke of Normandy.
Thus were laid the foundations for the feudal system which William the Conqueror transplanted into England [1066-1087]. Few external traces of the Scandinavians are to be found in modern Normandy.
Yet for a time the Scandinavian gods divided with the Saviour the religious reverence of the people of that country. Monasteries and cathedrals were built, however, with what magnificence their
splendor remains attest. The Normans adopted the language of the vanquished province, but greatly modified it. It was the langue d'oni [the language d'oc being south of the Loire], which became
under Norman inspiration the peculiar medium of romantic poetry.
From : The Pedigree and History of the Washington Family, by Albert Welles

EVEN
TYPE Acceded
DATE 911See Europsch Stammtafeln Bund II tafel 36

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy,876.
SOUR GWALTNEY.ANC (Compuserve) says 847; www.gendex.com says ABT 846; Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123 says c870; members.aol.com/sargen3 says
ABT 854, Maer; misc.traveller.com/genealogy/gedhtml/kmilburn say 845;
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, p. 25, 30;COMYN4.TAF,p6;ROYAL.THD say 932;
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 933,NORM.TAF (Compuserve) (says 933);
GWALTNEY.ANC 508044998 says d. 931;Royalty for Commoners p. 123 says 927-932
SOUR www.gendex.com
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve)
PAGE 409
Founder of the royal House of Normandy and England, 1st Duke of Normandy, 912
Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 25; Hralfr Gongen Rollo -
COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 6; Gonge Rolf (Marching Rolf) "Rollo the
Dane", 1st Duke of Normandy - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); Established the duchy
of Normandy, a Viking - The Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 7
ROLLO THE DANE, son of ROGNVALD THE RICH and RAGNHILD NEFIA, settled in Normandy and traced his descent through eleven generation from a king called Fornjot who ruled in Finland. His alleged
ancestors-or most of them- are mythical creatures, but the
tale of their exploits is, quite clearly, a fabulous recital of the discovery and exploration of Norway; and from such an ancestry an appetite for discovery, a zest for exploration, certainly
survived to animate the viking age - The Conquest of
England, Eric
Linklater, p. 12
Younger son, was a great viking. He grew so tall that no horse could carry him-but probably the Norwegian horses were no bigger than an Iceland pony to-day-and because he had to go upon his own feet
he was known as Marching Rolf [Gongu-hrolfr]. He
offended king Harald Fairhair by harrying and
committing what was called a 'strand-slaying' in the great gulf of south Oslo, and was outlawed. He followed a customary viking path to the Hebrides, and remained their long enough to beget a
daughter who later married a Scots kinglet. Rolf may have
adventured in Ireland, England and the valley of the Loire, but Icelandic annals say firmly that he won his place in Normandy in 898; and if that is true he must have spent thirteen years in
establishing the power that Charles the Simple confirmed in
911. He served a lively apprenticeship to war, and a distinguished father must, in the beginning, have helped him to enlist followers whom his own success in arms would later multiply. - The
Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 24
Count of Rouen - WIVES.TXT (Compuserve)
Rollo (Rollon, Ranger Rolf), Count of Rouen; conquered Normandy; Popa was his 2nd wife - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123-124
Rolf became known as Robert or Rollo in Normandy. I have shown them as father and son but this is really a way of showing how his attribution changed. AKA Rolf Wend-a-foot Acceded 911 -
http://gendex.com/users/daver/rigney/D0001/G0000001.html#I1257

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy,876.
SOUR GWALTNEY.ANC (Compuserve) says 847; www.gendex.com says ABT 846; Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123 says c870; members.aol.com/sargen3 says
ABT 854, Maer; misc.traveller.com/genealogy/gedhtml/kmilburn say 845;
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, p. 25, 30;COMYN4.TAF,p6;ROYAL.THD say 932;
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 933,NORM.TAF (Compuserve) (says 933);
GWALTNEY.ANC 508044998 says d. 931;Royalty for Commoners p. 123 says 927-932
SOUR www.gendex.com
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve)
PAGE 409
Founder of the royal House of Normandy and England, 1st Duke of Normandy, 912
Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 25; Hralfr Gongen Rollo -
COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 6; Gonge Rolf (Marching Rolf) "Rollo the
Dane", 1st Duke of Normandy - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); Established the duchy
of Normandy, a Viking - The Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 7
ROLLO THE DANE, son of ROGNVALD THE RICH and RAGNHILD NEFIA, settled in Normandy and traced his descent through eleven generation from a king called Fornjot who ruled in Finland. His alleged
ancestors-or most of them- are mythical creatures, but the
tale of their exploits is, quite clearly, a fabulous recital of the discovery and exploration of Norway; and from such an ancestry an appetite for discovery, a zest for exploration, certainly
survived to animate the viking age - The Conquest of
England, Eric
Linklater, p. 12
Younger son, was a great viking. He grew so tall that no horse could carry him-but probably the Norwegian horses were no bigger than an Iceland pony to-day-and because he had to go upon his own feet
he was known as Marching Rolf [Gongu-hrolfr]. He
offended king Harald Fairhair by harrying and
committing what was called a 'strand-slaying' in the great gulf of south Oslo, and was outlawed. He followed a customary viking path to the Hebrides, and remained their long enough to beget a
daughter who later married a Scots kinglet. Rolf may have
adventured in Ireland, England and the valley of the Loire, but Icelandic annals say firmly that he won his place in Normandy in 898; and if that is true he must have spent thirteen years in
establishing the power that Charles the Simple confirmed in
911. He served a lively apprenticeship to war, and a distinguished father must, in the beginning, have helped him to enlist followers whom his own success in arms would later multiply. - The
Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 24
Count of Rouen - WIVES.TXT (Compuserve)
Rollo (Rollon, Ranger Rolf), Count of Rouen; conquered Normandy; Popa was his 2nd wife - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123-124
Rolf became known as Robert or Rollo in Normandy. I have shown them as father and son but this is really a way of showing how his attribution changed. AKA Rolf Wend-a-foot Acceded 911 -
http://gendex.com/users/daver/rigney/D0001/G0000001.html#I1257

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy,876.
SOUR GWALTNEY.ANC (Compuserve) says 847; www.gendex.com says ABT 846; Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123 says c870; members.aol.com/sargen3 says
ABT 854, Maer; misc.traveller.com/genealogy/gedhtml/kmilburn say 845;
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, p. 25, 30;COMYN4.TAF,p6;ROYAL.THD say 932;
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 933,NORM.TAF (Compuserve) (says 933);
GWALTNEY.ANC 508044998 says d. 931;Royalty for Commoners p. 123 says 927-932
SOUR www.gendex.com
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve)
PAGE 409
Founder of the royal House of Normandy and England, 1st Duke of Normandy, 912
Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 25; Hralfr Gongen Rollo -
COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 6; Gonge Rolf (Marching Rolf) "Rollo the
Dane", 1st Duke of Normandy - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); Established the duchy
of Normandy, a Viking - The Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 7
ROLLO THE DANE, son of ROGNVALD THE RICH and RAGNHILD NEFIA, settled in Normandy and traced his descent through eleven generation from a king called Fornjot who ruled in Finland. His alleged
ancestors-or most of them- are mythical creatures, but the
tale of their exploits is, quite clearly, a fabulous recital of the discovery and exploration of Norway; and from such an ancestry an appetite for discovery, a zest for exploration, certainly
survived to animate the viking age - The Conquest of
England, Eric
Linklater, p. 12
Younger son, was a great viking. He grew so tall that no horse could carry him-but probably the Norwegian horses were no bigger than an Iceland pony to-day-and because he had to go upon his own feet
he was known as Marching Rolf [Gongu-hrolfr]. He
offended king Harald Fairhair by harrying and
committing what was called a 'strand-slaying' in the great gulf of south Oslo, and was outlawed. He followed a customary viking path to the Hebrides, and remained their long enough to beget a
daughter who later married a Scots kinglet. Rolf may have
adventured in Ireland, England and the valley of the Loire, but Icelandic annals say firmly that he won his place in Normandy in 898; and if that is true he must have spent thirteen years in
establishing the power that Charles the Simple confirmed in
911. He served a lively apprenticeship to war, and a distinguished father must, in the beginning, have helped him to enlist followers whom his own success in arms would later multiply. - The
Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 24
Count of Rouen - WIVES.TXT (Compuserve)
Rollo (Rollon, Ranger Rolf), Count of Rouen; conquered Normandy; Popa was his 2nd wife - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123-124
Rolf became known as Robert or Rollo in Normandy. I have shown them as father and son but this is really a way of showing how his attribution changed. AKA Rolf Wend-a-foot Acceded 911 -
http://gendex.com/users/daver/rigney/D0001/G0000001.html#I1257

Conqueror of Normandy. He received it as a grant from the Emperor Charles
III between 911 and 918. That area of France was then known as Neustria.
Also known as Rollo the Dane. Known as Duke Robert I from the name he
received in baptism as a Christian. Founder of the Ducal House of
Normandy.

Conqueror of Normandy. He received it as a grant from the Emperor Charles
III between 911 and 918. That area of France was then known as Neustria.
Also known as Rollo the Dane. Known as Duke Robert I from the name he
received in baptism as a Christian. Founder of the Ducal House of
Normandy.

DATE 31 MAY 2000

I wish I was sure of every name in this file & that I didnt
need to know what you think :) hey, but always refining this,
So if you spot a place where Im just flat wrong please tell
me or someone I didnt go on out with, I do this file out of fun and wanting to know, but do not
respond to the 'know it alls' , that dont have manners.I dont
consider them Kin!
Thanks and Happy Hunting!

[Geoffrey De Normandie, Gedcom BSJTK Smith Family Tree.ged]

Rollo the Dane, 1st Duke of Normandy. The Normans, Men of the North, were a mixed nation of the fiercest Norwegians, Swedes and Danes, and became settled in Neustria in France at the beginning of the 10th Century when Charles the Simple, King of France, conferred the Duchy, since called Normandy, on Rollo the Dane, one of the most celebrated of the Norman leaders. This renowed chieftain married 1st Poppae, daughter of Berengarius, Count of Bayeux, 2nd Gisela, daughter of Charles, King of France. By the first wife he left at his death, in 931, two sons and two daughters: William, Robert, Count of Corbell, Crespina and Gerletta.

He was a Viking Raider, raiding in France, Ireland and Scotland. He conquered Normandy and was Count of Rouen. He was a Norman. The Normans were the North-men from Scandinavia who settled in northern France. When Norway was forcibly united, many of the Vikings; who had ruled their own fjords and raided abroad for sport - preferred to emigrate in their longships. By 911, he was leader of the Normands around Rouen (later called Normandy) and later his desendents where the Dukes of Normandy. He was from a long line of Norse sea-kings and from the ancient Swedish peace-kings, traced from the Friday goddess called Freya.
Rollo the Dane, also known as Hrolf or Rollon, 1st Duke of Normandyfrom 911 to 927, called also Rolf the Walker, because, being so tall,he preferred to go afoot rather than ride the little Norwegian horses. , He was noted for strength and martial prowess. In the reign of Charles II, the Bald, he sailed up the Seine River and took Rouen, which he kept as a base of operations. He gained a number of victories over the Franks, and extorted the cession of the province since called Normandy. By the famous treaty which Charles the Bald and Rollo signed the latter agreed to adopt Christianity. He was buried in the Cathedral at Rouen. He married (1)Gisla, daughter of Charles the Simple, King of France, no issue; (2)Lady Poppa de Valois, (means puppet or little doll), daughter of Pepine Senlis de Valois, Count Berenger (Berenarius) of Bretagne, Count ofBayeux, and sister of Bernard of St. Liz (Senlis), also recorded asBerenger, Count of Bayeux. Rollo lived with her for some time beforethe marriage.
The account Jean Mabire gives of Rolf runs like this: Rolf, son of jarl Ragnwald of Alesund in Norway (whom Harald had sent to hold theOrkney & Shetland islands) led the life of a roaming Viking, raiding the French coast with his band. Problem was that at home he carried on the same way, still pillaging; he was stormy and battle-prone; and got himself banned from Norway. Seems everyone else who had a problem with authority joined his fleet, spent a winter in England, went on to Zeeland and finally wandered on into the Seine. The people of Rouen negotiated with him to be their protector. There had already been Norwegian and Danish settlers in the area. King Charles "the Simple"of France made an effort to chase away the Vikings, but Rolf's men triumphed at Pont-de-l'Arche, then went on to raid Melun, where the French again tried to beat them off and lost. So the Vikings ruled the area from their seat at Rouen, and mostly turned to colonization instead of pillaging. But Rolf looked beyond the Seine valley; he extended his holdings across the Risle, then the Orne, then took Bayeux in 900, killing Count B‚reanger who had held it; Rolf marriedthe count's daughter Popa. And, finally, in 911, Charles "the Simple" recognized Rolf's holdings.

!Name is; Rollo (Robert I), Duke Of /NORMANDY/

On account of Rollo's great stature, he was known as "Ganger Hrolf" or"Walking Rollo". His Danish name was Hrolfr or Rolf in variousspellings.

The Normans were Scandinavian invaders who settled Normandy from about820. Raids by these Northmen or Norsemen up the Seine River beganbefore the middle of the ninth century. They gradually establishedthemselves at the mouths of the Seine and other rivers in northernFrance. In 911 the Frankish king, Charles the Simple, granted Rolloand his band of Northmen the district about Rouen, to which additionalterritory was added a few years later. Scandinavian immigrants arrivedin great numbers to colonize the land, and the area became known asNormandy. In 912 Rollo, became the first Duke of Normandy.

As was the custom at the time, men could have more than one wife.Rollo had a pagan wife, Poppa and two children. Even so, a priestmarried him to the daughter of the French King Charles The Simple(Gisela de France) in a christian ceremony. There were no children ofthis marriage. In 918, Rollo married his wife Poppa in a Christianceremony and thus legitimised his son Guilliamme and daughter Gerloc(baptised Adele). Poppa and Rollo had to send Guilliame to be raisedby clerics to guarantee his right to succede his father as Duke ofNormandy. Guilliame was later known as William Longsword.

Rollo is buried in a tomb in Notre Dame Cathedral at Rouen, France.

Buried at Notre Dame in Paris

Rollo Ragnvaldsson, 1st Duc de Normandie was born circa 846 at Maer, Norway.3 He was the son of Ragnvald I 'the Wise' Eysteinsson, Earl of More and Ragnhild Hrolfsdottir.2 He was also reported to have been born in 870 at Norway. He married, firstly, Poppa of Normandy de Valois, daughter of Berenger of Bayeaux de Senlis, Count of Bayeaux, in 886.2 He married, secondly, Gisela (?), daughter of Charles III, Roi de France and Frederuna von Sachsen, in 912.2 He died circa 931 at Rouen, Caux, France.3
Rollo Ragnvaldsson, 1st Duc de Normandie was also known as Rolf (?). He was created 1st Duc de Normandie in 911.1
Children of Rollo Ragnvaldsson, 1st Duc de Normandie and Poppa of Normandy de Valois
Robert of Corbeil 2
Crespina de Normandie 2
Gerletta de Normandie 2
Kathlin de Normandie 2
Guillaume I 'Longsword', 2nd Duc de Normandie+ b. c 900, d. 17 Dec 9422
Adele de Normandie+ b. c 917, d. a 14 Oct 9622
Citations
[S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 86. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World.
[S106] Royal Genealogies Website (ROYAL92.GED), online ftp://ftp.cac.psu.edu/genealogy/public_html/royal/index.html. Hereinafter cited as Royal Genealogies Website.
[S125] Richard Glanville-Brown, online , Richard Glanville-Brown (RR 2, Milton, Ontario, Canada), downloaded 17 August 2005.

The First Duke of Normandy

!Name is; Rollo (Robert I), Duke Of /NORMANDY/

ROLLO THE DANE Rollo (c.860 - c.932) was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. He is also in some sources known as Robert of Normandy. The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from Scandinavian name Hrolf. Some ancient sources, though contestedly, identify this Rollo with Hrolf Ganger (Hrolf the Walker; Old Norse: Hrlfr Rǫgnvaldsson and Gǫngu-Hrlfr, Norwegian: Gange-Rolf). The nickname of that character, be it Rollo of Normandy or not, came from being so big that no horse could carry him. He has also been called "Rollo the Gangler" in some works. Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum, tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumiges also mentions Rol

!Name is; Rollo (Robert I), Duke Of /NORMANDY/

[MAGNUS.FTW]

Dro 13 år gammel på vikingferd til Østersjøen. Gjorde strandhogg i Viken og
ble fredløs. Dro så til Orknøyene og Suderøyene. Senere dro han med andre
vikinger til utløpet av Seinen og herjet der i årene 900 - 911. Stormet også
mot Paris. Var gift med Popa. I 911 tilbød Karl den enfoldige ham hertugdømmet
og sin datter Gisela, mot å holde landevern mot andre vikinger. Rolf slo til.
Han lot seg døpe og fikk navnet Robert I. Han bodde i Rouen.

[Brit. Enc.] Rollo (c. 860- c. 932), 1st duke of Normandy. [In a
previous article, camfield -at- olympus.net (Tom Camfield) says]: :>
Amazingly, after innumerable newsgroup and e-mail responsesdealing
pretty much with the associated validity of Sigurd Ring and Ragnar
Lodbrok, the finer points of spelling in Icelandic and Norwegian, etc.,
the central point of my original query about the ancestry of Rollo has
not been specifically addressed.
So you have shamed me into answering, as best I can :) :> No one has
come forth to state: 'Rollo's parents were. . .' I have begun to assume
that no one actually knows.
In order to draw any conclusions on the subject, one must decide whether
one is to beleive the Icelandic sagas that address periferally the
foundation of Normandy. These include Orkneyinga Saga, and Heimskringla
(or whatever they are). If you accept the historical nature of these
accounts, then there can be no doubt as tho the identity of his parents,
as you have described them below. If you do not accept them as
historical, then there is no known resource that does more than suggest
a nation of origin (usually Norway).
:> From my own charts, a brief ahnentafel would be in the following form:
1. Rollo (or however one wants to modify the name).

2. Ragnvald the Wise, (ca. 820-890), Morejarl. 3. Ragnhild Rolvsdatter.
4. Oystein Glumra ('the Noisy'), Morejarl, b. 788. 5. (Ascrida?)
Ragnvaldsdatter.// I do not think #5 and her parentage comes from the
sagas mentioned above. I know it was in Stuart, but that and 50 cents
will buy you a Coke (TM). I have not looked into his source for this
statement, but in the discussions that I have seen relating to the royal
families of Norway and Denmark, no such person as her father is even
mentioned.
:> 6. Rolv Nevja/Rolf Nevra.

8. Ivar Opllendingjarl Halvdansson, b. 756.// following Orkneyinga saga.
:> 10. Ragnvald Gudrodsson, b. Agder. 11. Tora Sigurdsdatter.// I know
of no source for Ragn. Gudrodsson. I have to call this entire pedigree
into question at this point. This may be the result of one of the
infamous attempts to provide every hero with a line from Ragnar Lodbrok.

:> 16. Halvdan the Old, b. 724.// Moncreffe makes him the same as
Halfdan hvitbien (below), while Orkneyinga saga provides a more fabulous
descent to an early colonizer of Norway. However, I have seen a
discussion that suggests that `Halfdan the Old' is another pedigree
decoration, appearing at the head of several unrelated families at
different times in history.
:> 20. Gudrod II of Agder. 22. Sigurd Orm-i-Oye ('Snake/Worm in Eye').//
Again, I don't know the source for this information, and question it. :>
40. Gudrod Halvdansson (son of Halvdan Hvitbein/'Whiteleg' or
'Whitebone'.//
Likely a historical king of Norway. I personally follow some more recent
scandinavian authors in rejecting Haworth's (and probably others'
identification as the Danish king Godfried of Frankish annals, who died
ca. 812. (which identification is even followed by the latest Ancestral
Roots, Moriarty, Moncreffe, and others)
:> 44. This would be the controversial Ragnar Lodbrok, whose wife was
Aslaug Sigurdsdatter kraka ('the Crow')taking us well into that area
that many look upon as a Mother- Gooseland of genealogy (but an area
that many of us feel must have a bit more basis in fact).
The branches of this continue on back through all manner of legendary
individuals. . .//
I would agree with that assessment. :> One can take exception at many
places along the line with just the foregoingwhich is why I have not
proceeded further and offered a greater wealth of controversy. But can
it be generally accepted, at least, that Ragnvald the Wise was the
father of Rollo of Norman fame? I won't trash any//
If you accept the sagas, which most do at least at this point in the
story. :> of my material until someone offers me a superior alternative.
And, any refinements to this version would certainly be appreciated.
:-))) (that's sort of a Norwegian smile, I guess.)//
As with most things, there is no `answer', just a long explanation. Todd.
[TC] 'Origin and History of the Montgomerys...', B. G. de Montgomery,
(William Blackwood and Sons Ltd, Edinburgh and London, 1948)...pp. 30-32.
The author cites as proof of his contention that Rollo was the son of
Invar (d. 872), son of Ragnar Lothbroc (also father of Ivar Boneless,
Halfdan Vidserk and Ubbe), son of Halfdan, son of Sigurd Ring:
1. The statement of Dudo de St. Quentin ('De Moribus et Actis Primorum
Normanniae Ducum') that Rollo was a Danish prince.
2. Dudo wrote his story some 60 years after Rollo's death (d.931) at the
request of his grandson Richard I. Snorre wrote his saga two centuries
later.
3. Snorre's inconsistency in describing Rollo's father as a dear friend
of King Harold Fairhair, yet relating Rollo's assault on Viken as if an
enemy.
4. The existence of another Earl Rolf/Riulf in Normandy, whom Snorre may
have mistaken for Rollo.
5. Dudo's reference to Rollo's brother Gorm, who arrived in France in the
company of his 'uncle Sigfrid, Ragnar's son, and of Godfrid, the son of
Harold Klak,' and played a prominent role in the Battle of Saulcourt in
881.
6. Rollo was present at the siege of Paris in 885, thus was fighting in
France with the sons of Lothbroc, as was his brother Gorm.
etc.... bring in Bernard the Dane, more about Gorm, and such. 12.
William the Conqueror was a descendant in the fifth generation from
Rollo, Ingvar's son. 'After his arrival in England William opened
Ingvar's grave.' (citing 'Ragnar's Saga,' ch. 22).
There is considerably more to the pursuit of this alleged descent by de
Montgomery (the relationship of other chapters, etc.) but this gives a
general idea. Is anyone familiar with Dudo de San Quentin? I'm intrigued
by the statement that he wrote only 60 years after Rollo's death.
Tom Camfield - camfield -at- olympus.net 538 Calhoun St., Port Townsend
WA 98368 Curmudgeon Emeritus, School of Hard Knocks//
Tilleggskilde: Wurts, John S., Magna Charta: The Pedigrees of the
Barons, Philadelphia, PA: Brookfield Publishing Co, 1942.
// [Tom Bjornstad, ] ..Rollo, or
'Goungu-Hrslfr' (written Gange-Rolv in modern Norwegian) most probably
was the father of Richard I the Fearless of Normandy..and received the
first ducy of Normandy in 911. According to Norwegian history his father
was Ragnvald Morejarl (or Rannald or Reginald, Earl of More) from More
in Norway, which British, French, Islandic and Norwegian researchers has
agreed on, despite that Danish, Swedish and Germans means he is
descended from Denmark (according to Johannes Steenstrup and his
research of the stories written by Dudo of St. Quentin (died bef.
1043). However, the Danish version is much too fantastic to be right
and in many places also are inaccurate.
Ragnvald (who lived in the last part of the 800's ) had also the son
Torv-Einar who became Earl of Orkney. //
[DC] Ragnvald I EYSTEINSON b. 857 d. 890/894 m. Ragnahild (Hildr)
HROLFSDOTTIR. Aso known as Rognald Mere-Earl and 'the Wise of More'. 2.
Rolf RAGNVALDSSON b. 846 d. 932 m. 886 Popa De VALOIS. Rolf known
as 'The Ganger'. Poppa: Formerly the mistress of her husband. I now
have her as d/o BRETAGNE. One source had her parents as BRENENGAR and
Female Unknown. 3. Rollo b. 870 d. c. 932. Bapt in the name of Robert
921, abdicated 927. 3. Gerloc b. d. c. 14 Oct 962 m. William I b.
c. 925, d. 3 Apr 963. Chuck Carpenter has her as Adele of
Nomandy, d/o Rolf and Poppa. William may be William IV 'The
Pious'. Chuck Carpenter has him as William I (III) Towhead. Roots of
Sixty Colonists, 6th Edition, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co,
1988.

see Europaisch Stammtaflen bun II tafel 36

[Jeremiah Brown.FTW]

[from Ancestry.com 139798.GED]
The son of Ragnvald, he was so stout and strong that no horse could carry him. Thus he was known as Gange-Rolf, or Rolf the Walker. One summer on the return from one of his viking expeditions, he made a strand-hug (a foray for cattle and provisions for his ships) in Viken. Hing Harald had Rolf tried by a special session of the Norwegian Thing, which declared him an outlaw in all Norway. He then sailed westward to the Sudreys, the present Hebrides and joined vikings there who then plundered Paris and the province of Bourgogne in 885. King Charles the Simple of France gave him and his successors the area that became Normandy by the Peace of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte. In 912 he became a Christian and married Gizela the daughter of Louis I.

#Générale#Profession : Premier Duc de Normandie.
Décès : ou vers 927

inhumation : Rouen Notre-Dame 76

#Générale#Appelé Rollon de Normandie.
Baptisé Robert.

{geni:about_me} ==Links:==
*[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zvaZuKryQPQ Stoty of Rollo on Youtube]
* [http://norwaytoday.info/culture/dna-hunters-unopened-viking-grave-in-normandie/ Rollos grave opened]
* [http://www.friesian.com/flanders.htm#norman Dukes of Normandie]
* [http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00020055&tree=LEO Genealogics]
* [https://www.ancient-origins.net/history/normans-0012255 The Dramatic History of the Normans: A Tale of Medieval Conquest]

Duke of Normandy was the title given to the rulers of the Duchy of Normandy in northwestern France, which has its origins as the County of Rouen, a fief created in 911 by King Charles II "the Simple" of France for Rollo, a Norwegian nobleman and Viking leader of Northmen.

'''Gangr-Hrólfr Ragnvaldsson''', or '''Rollo''' de Normandie was a Norse nobleman (a Jarl or more modernly, an Earl) and the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. The name "Rollo" is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrólfr, modern Scandinavian name Rolf (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum). Hrolfr is buried in Notre Dame Cathedral in Rouen France - his sarcophagus is located along the south side of the cathedral in a line with the sarcophagus of Richard the Lion Heart (1155-1199). Only Richard's heart was placed in his sarcophagus.

* Parents: Ragnvald Eysteinsson Mørejarl & Hild Nefja (uncertain, see below)
* Spouses:
* 1. Poppa de Bayeux
* Children:
** Vilhjalm Langaspjót (Guillaume Longue Épée)
** Geirlaug (Gerloc) who later took the name Adela
*2. Gisela de France (betrothal, no children)

According to Landnáma (The book of Settlers in Iceland, written in the 12th century), Rollo had a daughter named Kaðlín (Kathlin or Cathlin) her mother is not named (Notes by Anna Petursdottir):
* Kaðlin (Kathlin)

Kaðlín is mentioned along with her father Rollo in chapter 33 in Landnámabók (The Book of Settlers) and her father, Rollo, and his brothers, also their father, Ragnvald are mentioned in chapert 82 : https://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm

==BIG NEWS==
French and Norwegian scientists within several fields go together in a project to extract DNA from the remains of Rollo's grandson and great grandson in Fécamp. This might give us the final answer to Rollo's origin (Note from Anna Petursdottir: Provided that the remains that are being researched, are in fact the persons in question and also are legitimate grandsons of Rollo). Excavations are expected in July 2011, results sometime autumn 2011.

==Links and Resources==

* [http://lind.no/nor/index.asp?lang=&emne=&list=&vis=Snorre Snorre's saga]
* Dudo's account (eng): http://the-orb.arlima.net/orb_done/dudo/dudindex.html
* [http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Rollo_Gange-Rolv_Ragnvaldsson/utdypning Store Norske Leksikon]

==MEDIEVAL LANDS==
[ROLLO [Hrolf "Ganger/the Walker"] (-[928]).
Orkneyinga Saga names “Hrolf who conquered Normandy” as son of “Earl Rognwald” and his wife “Ragnhild the daughter of Hrolf Nose”, adding that he was so big that no horse could carry him, giving rise to his name “Göngu-Hrolf”[153].
Snorre names "Rolf and Thorer" as the two sons of "Earl Ragnvald" and his wife Hild, recording that Rolf was banished from Norway by King Harald and travelled to the Hebrides, settling first in Orkney before moving southwards through Scotland, and eventually conquering Normandy[154].
The Historia Norwegie records that, after Orkney was conquered by "principi Rogwaldi" and his followers, "de quorum collegio…Rodulfus" captured Rouen in Normandy, commenting that he was known as "Gongurolfr" because he was obliged to walk as he was too large to travel on horseback[155]. This source makes no reference to any blood relationship between Rollo and "principi Rogwaldi".

According to Dudo of Saint-Quentin, Rollo arrived in northern France in 876[156], although there is some debate about [900] being a more likely date[157].
William of Jumièges records that Rollo was chosen by lot to be leader of the Viking colonists[158]. Viking raids intensified in northern France. Although they were defeated after raiding Chartres [911], Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks granted the Normans land around Rouen in which to settle[159]. The uncertain nature of the demise was the source of future problems between the French crown, which claimed that it was an enfeofment for which the ruler owed allegiance, and the later Dukes of Normandy who claimed it was an unconditional allod for which no allegiance was owed.
A charter dated 14 Mar 918 which granted land to the monastery of Saint-Germain-des-Prés "except that part…which we have granted to the Normans of the Seine, namely to Rollo and his companions"[160]. '''He was later known as ROBERT I Comte [de Normandie].'''

ROLLO ["Ganger" Hrolf], son of [RAGNVALD "the Wise" Jarl of Möre in Norway & his wife Ragnhild ---] (-Rouen [928/33], bur ---, transferred [1064] to Rouen Cathedral[6]). The parentage of Rollo/Rolf is uncertain and the chronology of his life confused. Richer names "Rollone filio Catilli" as leader of the Vikings who raided along the Loire and against whom "Robertus Celticæ Galliæ dux" campaigned[7]. No further reference has been found to "Catillus/Ketel".
Flodoard provides no information on Rollo´s ancestry. The early 12th century William of Malmesbury states that "Rollo…[was] born of noble lineage among the Norwegians, though obsolete from its extreme antiquity" and adds that he was "banished by the king´s command from his own country"[8].
The later Orkneyinga Saga is more specific, naming “Hrolf who conquered Normandy” as son of “Earl Rognwald” and his wife “Ragnhild the daughter of Hrolf Nose”, adding that he was so big that no horse could carry him, giving rise to his name “Göngu-Hrolf”[9]. Snorre names "Rolf and Thorer" as the two sons of "Earl Ragnvald" and his wife Hild, recording that Rolf was banished from Norway by King Harald and travelled to the Hebrides, settling first in Orkney before moving southwards through Scotland, and eventually conquering Normandy[10].
The Historia Norwegie records that, after Orkney was conquered by "principi Rogwaldi" and his followers, "de quorum collegio…Rodulfus" captured Rouen in Normandy, commenting that he was known as "Gongurolfr" because he was obliged to walk as he was too large to travel on horseback[11]. This source makes no reference to any blood relationship between Rollo and "principi Rogwaldi". Guillaume de Jumièges accords a Danish origin to Rollo, stating that his father "possédant presque en totalité le royaume de Dacie, conquit en outre les territoires limitrophes de la Dacie et de l´Alanie" and left "deux fils…l´aîné Rollon et le plus jeune Gurim"[12]. He records that the king of Denmark defeated the two brothers and killed Gorm, and that Rollo fled the country, first landing in England, where he made peace with "le roi…Alstem"[13]. If this refers to Æthelstan King of Wessex, the account must be confused given King Æthelstan´s succession in 924.
Freeman suggests that Guillaume de Jumièges must be referring to "Guthrum-Æthelstan of East-Anglia"[14], although this does not resolve the chronological problems assuming that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is correct in recording Guthrum´s death in 890[15].
After recording Rollo´s expeditions in Frisia, Guillaume de Jumièges states that Rollo landed at Jumièges after sailing up the Seine in 876[16], another suspect date which Houts suggests should be corrected to [900][17]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Rollo defeated "Renaud duc de toute la France", captured "le château de Meulan", defeated and killed Duke Renaud in another campaign, besieged Paris, captured Bayeux, and attacked Paris again while his other troops devastated Evreux where they killed "son évêque…Sibor"[18]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Rollo attacked Chartres but withdrew after being defeated by "Richard duc de Bourgogne" and "Anselme l évêque"[19].

William of Malmesbury records that "Rollo…experienced a check at Chartres" but escaped the "plentiful slaughter" of the Vikings by the townspeople, before capturing Rouen "in 876"[20].
Guillaume of Jumièges records that Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks granted Rollo "tout le territoire maritime qui s´étend depuis la rivière d´Epte jusqu´aux confines de la Bretagne" together with "sa fille…Gisèle", that "les princes de cette province…Béranger et Alain" swore allegiance to Rollo, and that Rollo was baptised in 912 by "l´archévêque Francon", adopting the name ROBERT after "le duc Robert" who acted as his sponsor[21].

William of Malmesbury records that "it was determined by treaty, that [Rollo] should be baptised, and hold the country of the king as his lord"[22]. The charter which confirms the original grant (assuming that there was such a document) has not survived. However, the grant of land is inferred from a charter dated 14 Mar 918, under which land was donated to the monastery of Saint-Germain-des-Prés specifying that the donation excluded "that part…which we have granted to the Normans of the Seine, namely to Rollo and his companions"[23]. The uncertain nature of the demise was the source of future problems between the French crown, which claimed that Normandy was an enfeofment for which the ruling duke owed allegiance, and the later dukes of Normandy, who claimed that it was an unconditional allod for which no allegiance was owed[24].

The version of events recorded by Flodoard provides a different slant and names two Viking leaders. Firstly, Flodoard records that in 923 "Ragenoldus princeps Nortmannorum" who occupied "in fluvio Ligeri" devastated "Franciam trans Isaram", that "Nortmanni" made peace in 924 "cum Francis", that King Raoul granted them "Cinomannis et Baiocæ" [Maine and Bayeux], but that "Raginoldus cum suis Nortmannis" devasted the land between the Loire and the Seine[25]. This passage makes no mention of the supposed earlier grant of land along the shore. Secondly, the same source records that "Raginoldus cum suis Nortmannis" devasted Burgundy in 925, that Héribert [II] Comte de Vermandois besieged Norman castles "super Sequanam", that "Nortmanni" devastated "pagum Belvacensem atque Ambianensem" [Beauvais and Amboise], while Comte Héribert and Arnoul Count of Flanders forced "Rollo princeps" from his strongholds[26]. Thirdly, Flodoard states that "Hugo filius Rotberti et Heribertus comes" campaigned against "Nortmannos" in 927, that "filius Rollonis" did homage to ex-king Charles at "castellum…Auga", and that "Rollo" held "filius Heriberti Odo" as a hostage in 928, which suggests some sort of alliance between Rollo and Comte Héribert[27].
William of Malmesbury records that Rollo died at Rouen[28]. The date of his death is uncertain: Flodoard names Rollo as living in 928 (see above) but the same source names "Willelmus princeps Nortmannorum" in 933[29].
Orderic Vitalis implies that the transfer of Robert's body to Rouen Cathedral took place after the "the ninth year" in office of Archbishop Maurilius, who had succeeded Mauger de Normandie[30], which would date the event to [1064]. He is known to history as ROBERT I Comte [de Normandie], although no early source has been identified which refers to him by this name or title.

[m] [firstly] ---. The identity of Rollo´s first wife or concubine is not known.

m [secondly] ([886] or after, repudiated, remarried after 912) POPPA, daughter of BERENGAR Comte de Bayeux & his wife ---. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Rollo took "Popa, fille de Bérenger, homme illustre" when he captured Bayeux and "s´unit avec elle, à la manière des Danois"[31]. According to Orderic Vitalis, Rollo "stormed and captured Bayeux, slew its count Berengar and took to wife his daughter Poppa"[32]. In another passage, the same source records that Rollo besieged Paris, captured Bayeux, killed "Berengarium comitem" and married his daughter Popa, in 886[33], although this date appears early in light of the likely birth date range of the couple's son Guillaume. The Chronico Rotomagensis records that "mortua a Gisla, accepit Rollo propriam uxorem filiam comitis Silvanectensis Widonis"[34]. Robert of Torigny combines the information, recording that "Rollo dux Northmannorum" married "Popam prius repudiatam uxorem…filiam…Berengarii comitis Baiocensis neptem vero Widonis comitis Silvanectensis"[35]. The Historia Norwegie records that, after capturing Rouen, "Rodulfus" married the daughter of its deceased count by whom he was father of "Willelmum…Longosped"[36].
Guillaume de Jumièges records that "le comte Bernard" welcomed "son neveu Richard" (grandson of Rollo) at Senlis after his escape from captivity[37], although in another passage he describes how Rollo captured Bayeux and took "une très-noble jeune fille Popa, fille de Bérenger" in the town, marrying her "à la manière des Danois"[38], in a later passage adding that Rollo married Poppa, whom he had previously repudiated, a second time after the death of his wife[39]. It would be possible to reconcile the different versions if Comte Bernard's mother was married twice, her first husband being Bérenger Comte de Bayeux.

m thirdly (912) GISELA, daughter of CHARLES III "le Simple" King of the West Franks & his first wife Frederuna --- ([908/16]-before her husband). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Hyrmintrudim, Frederunam, Adelheidim, Gislam, Rotrudim et Hildegardim" as the children of "Karolus rex…ex Frederuna regina"[40]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks granted Rollo "tout le territoire maritime qui s´étend depuis la rivière d´Epte jusqu´aux confines de la Bretagne" together with "sa fille…Gisèle", and their marriage which took place after Rollo´s baptism[41]. Her marriage is recorded in the Norman annals for 912, which state that she died without issue, presumably soon after the marriage when Gisla must still have been an infant.
The chronicle of Dudo of Saint-Quentin[42] describes her as of "tall stature, most elegant…", which is of course inconsistent with her supposed birth date range. The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage of "filiam suam [=rex Karolus] nomine Gillam" to "Rollo"[43]. Settipani considers that the marriage did not occur, and that the Norman sources confused it with the marriage of Gisela, daughter of Lothaire II King of Lotharingia, to the Viking leader Gotfrid[44].

Rollo & his [first wife] had two children:

1. [KADLINE . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Landnáma-Boc which records that "son of Oht-here…Helge" captured and married [her daughter] "Nidh-beorg, daughter of king Beolan and Cadh-lina, daughter of Walking-Rolf [Gongo-Hrólfs]" when he "harried in Scotland", and also records their descendants[45]. No other record has been found of "king Beolan" and the accuracy of this report is unknown. m BEOLAN King [in Scotland].]

2. [NIEDERGA . Niederga is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[46] as the second daughter of Rollo by his first wife but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified.]

Robert & his [second] wife had two children:

3. GUILLAUME (Rouen [900/05]-murdered Pequigny 17 Dec 942, bur ---, transferred [1064] to Rouen Cathedral[47]). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Guillaume et…Gerloc" as children of Rollo and Poppa[48]. However, the Planctus for William Longsword[49], composed shortly after the murder of Guillaume, states that he had a Christian mother of overseas origin. Dudo of Saint-Quentin states that he was born in Rouen and, in a later passage, describes him as a "young man" one year before his father's death[50]. His father chose him as heir one year before his death[51]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that he was born before his father's marriage to Gisela and his remarriage with Popa after Gisela's death[52]. Flodoard records that "filius Rollonis" did homage to ex-king Charles III "le Simple" at "castellum…Auga" in 927[53]. He succeeded his father in [928/33] as GUILLAUME I "Longuespee" Comte [de Normandie]. Flodoard names "Willelmus princeps Nortmannorum" in 933[54]. He quelled a rebellion by the Viking chief Riulf after the latter besieged Rouen[55]. In return for swearing allegiance to Raoul King of France, he appears to have been granted rights to further territory along the coast in 933, maybe the Cotentin and Avranchin. If this is correct, it would have created rivalry with the dukes of Brittany. Dudo of Saint-Quentin describes Comte Guillaume's invasion of Brittany shortly after his accession to quell a rebellion against him, and his defeat of the rebels at Bayeux[56]. Responding to raids by Comte Guillaume, Arnoul I Count of Flanders invaded Ponthieu and in 939 captured Montreuil from Herluin Comte de Ponthieu, although it was recaptured by Comte Guillaume's forces. In 939, Guillaume joined the alliance against Louis IV King of France which was led by Otto I "der Große" King of Duitsland who raided Frankish territory. Comte Guillaume, however, met King Louis at Amiens, receiving a confirmation of the grant of his lands in Normandy. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Guillaume was tricked into a meeting on the river Seine at Pecquigny by Arnoul Count of Flanders to settle their dispute over the castle of Montreuil, but was murdered on Count Arnoul's orders, recording his death on 17 Dec[57]. The Annalibus Rotomagensibus record that "Willermus dux Normannorum filius Rollonis" was killed "943 XVI Kal Jan"[58]. Orderic Vitalis implies that the transfer of his body to Rouen Cathedral took place after the "the ninth year" in office of Archbishop Maurilius, who had succeeded Mauger de Normandie[59], which would date the event to [1064].

[m] firstly SPROTA, daughter of ---. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Guillaume married "une très-noble jeune fille Sprota…selon l'usage des Danois"[60]. From Brittany. It is possible that Sprota was Count Guillaume's concubine rather than wife, particularly as no reference has been found to a dissolution of any marriage before she married Esperleng. She married Esperleng de Pîtres, by whom she had Rodulf [Raoul] Comte d'Ivry.

m secondly ([940]) as her first husband, LUITGARDIS de Vermandois, daughter of HERIBERT II Comte de Vermandois & his wife Adela [Capet] (before 925-14 Nov after 985, bur Chartres, Abbaye de Saint-Père). Rodulfus Glauber refers to the wife of Comte Guillaume as "sororem [Heribertum Trecorum comitem]", specifying that she was childless by her first husband, when recording her second marriage to "Tetbaldus"[61]. Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Guillaume and the daughter of Heribert, specifying that it was arranged by Hugues "le Grand"[62]. The source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. She married secondly Thibaut I Comte de Blois. "Hugonis ducis, Odonis comitis, Hugonis sanctæ Bituricensis archipræsulis, Letgardis comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Gauzfridi vicecomitis…" subscribed the charter dated 985 under which "Robertus" donated property to "Sancti Petri Carnotensis", on the advice of "Odonem, simul cum sua matre Ledgarde, pariterque dominam meam Bertam, ipsius æque coniugem"[63]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVIII Kal Dec" of "Letgardis comitissa"[64]. Guillaume & his first wife had one child:

a) RICHARD (Fécamp [932]-20 Nov 996, bur Fécamp). Guillaume de Jumièges names Richard as son of Guillaume and Sprota, recording that news of his birth was brought to his father when he was returning from his victory against the rebels led by "Riulf"[65]. After the death of Richard's father, Louis IV "d'Outremer" King of the West Franks briefly controlled Rouen, and kept Richard prisoner, before the latter was able to escape, whereupon he succeeded as RICHARD I "Sans Peur" Comte [de Normandie].

4. GERLOC (-after 969). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Guillaume et…Gerloc" as children of Rollo and Poppa, in a later passage records her marriage to "Guillaume comte de Poitou"[66]. Robert of Torigny also names "Willermum Longum Spatam et Gerloch" as children of "Rollo dux Northmannorum" and Poppa[67]. The Chronico Richardi Pictavensis records that "Heblus…Pictavorum Comes et Dux Aquitaniæ duxit Adelam filiam Rolli Rothomagensis"[68], although this is presumably an error for Guillaume son of Ebles. She adopted the name ADELA when baptised. "Guillelmi comitis, Adeleidis comitisse" subscribed a charter recording a donation to Cluny dated [963][69]. Lothaire King of France granted her 14 Oct 962 the right to dispose of extensive property in Poitiers, la Cour de Faye, this grant effectively putting an end to the long dispute between her husband and the family of Hugues "Capet". She used the property to found the Monastery of Sainte-Trinité[70]. m (935) GUILLAUME I "Tête d'Etoupe" Comte de Poitou, son of EBLES "Mancer" Comte de Poitou, Duke of Aquitaine & his first wife Aremburga ([900]-3 Apr 963). He succeeded in 959 as GUILLAUME III Duke of Aquitaine.

==Rollo's origin==

He is named as Rollo and said to have come from Dacia by Dudo of St. Quentin (c. 965-after 1043), the historian of the Norman dukes and the earliest source. Dudo does not name Rollo's parents. The ''Orkneyinga saga'', a later source (c. 1230), identifies him with Hrolf Gange, who is said to have been a son of [http://www.geni.com/people/Ragnvald-Eysteinsson/6000000001045491041 Ragnvald Eysteinsson], jarl of Møre. Modern scholars generally doubt the identification with Hrolf. See, for example, Stewart Baldwin, "[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!searchin/soc.genealogy.medieval/rollo$20hrolf/soc.genealogy.medieval/AqjvzYyjOQ0/WXzGkZXcu28J Rollo of Normany]" in soc.genealogy.medieval, Mar. 16, 1998.

There is much support for the claim of Rollo's homeland being Sykkylven in Sunnmøre (Møre), Norway.

Dacia, the country Dudo refers to as Rollo's homeland, was what people outside Scandinavia called the Nordic countries as a unity: Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Iceland together. Dudo describes Dacia as a country of high mountains, surrounding Rollo's estate - just like Gange-Hrolf's Fauske in Sykkylven. (see photos)

At the time the language, Old Norse (called dönsk tunga by Snorri and others) was still the same and had not started to divide into separate dialects or languages.

Fasge, the place Adam of Bremen describes as Rollo's home, can easily be placed in Sykkylven where Gangu-Hrolfr had his estate at the farm called Fauske, Aure or Aurum. The Danish historian Steenstrup identified (works from 1876-82) Fasge with the town Faxe in Denmark, but linguistic argument shows that this consonant change is highly unlikely, and that the Norwegian place-name Fauske is more probable.

The outstanding linguist Håkon Melberg argued in his dissertation that linguistic studies could shed light on the origin of the Scandinavian people and their history. In particular he opposes Steenstrup's analysis and points at several discrepancies, making Denmark improbable as Gange-Hrolf's origin.

http://books.google.com/books?hl=no&id=KGIeAAAAMAAJ&q=fauske#search_anchor

===Sources===
* Linge, Per Eldar: [http://www.nb.no/utlevering/nb/7b6b8e24b78c7b5b1e639445bde50384 ''Gangerolvs mektige Møre''], Sunnmørsposten forlag 1992.
More here: http://www.eutopia.no/Gangerolv.html

Melberg, Håkon: Origin of the Scandinavian Nations and Languages : An Introduction (doctoral dissertation). University of Oslo, 1952.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5kon_Melberg
http://books.google.com/books?id=KGIeAAAAMAAJ&hl=no&pgis=1
http://ask.bibsys.no/ask/action/show?pid=921271042&kid=biblio

==Languages==
Gangu-Hrolf's Languages: Old French and Old Norse (the language spoken in the Nordic countries at the time):

"Danish tounge", dansk tunga, would be the language spoken in all of Scandinavia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse_language

dönsk tunga: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Icelandic_language#The_Scandinavian_period_.28550.E2.80.931050.29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_French

==Snorri Sturlusson==
From Heimskringla, Snorri:
"24. ROLF GANGER DRIVEN INTO BANISHMENT.

Earl Ragnvald was King Harald's dearest friend, and the king had the greatest regard for him. He was married to Hild, a daughter of Rolf Nefia, and their sons were Rolf and Thorer. Earl Ragnvald had also three sons by concubines, -- the one called Hallad, the second Einar, the third Hrollaug; and all three were grown men when their brothers born in marriage were still children Rolf became a great viking, and was of so stout a growth that no horse could carry him, and wheresoever he went he must go on foot; and therefore he was called Rolf Ganger. He plundered much in the East sea. One summer, as he was coming from the eastward on a viking's expedition to the coast of Viken, he landed there and made a cattle foray. As King Harald happened, just at that time, to be in Viken, he heard of it, and was in a great rage; for he had forbid, by the greatest punishment, the plundering within the bounds of the country. The king assembled a Thing, and had Rolf declared an outlaw over all Norway. When Rolf's mother, Hild heard of it she hastened to the king, and entreated peace for Rolf; but the king was so enraged that here entreaty was of no avail. Then Hild spake these lines: --

"Think'st thou, King Harald, in thy anger,
To drive away my brave Rolf Ganger
Like a mad wolf, from out the land?
Why, Harald, raise thy mighty hand?
Why banish Nefia's gallant name-son,
The brother of brave udal-men?
Why is thy cruelty so fell?
Bethink thee, monarch, it is ill
With such a wolf at wolf to play,
Who, driven to the wild woods away
May make the king's best deer his prey."

Rolf Ganger went afterwards over sea to the West to the Hebrides, or Sudreys; and at last farther west to Valland, where he plundered and subdued for himself a great earldom, which he peopled with Northmen, from which that land is called Normandy. Rolf Ganger's son was William, father to Richard, and grandfather to another Richard, who was the father of Robert Longspear, and grandfather of William the Bastard, from whom all the following English kings are descended. From Rolf Ganger also are descended the earls in Normandy. Queen Ragnhild the Mighty lived three years after she came to Norway; and, after her death, her son and King Harald's was taken to the herse Thorer Hroaldson, and Eirik was fostered by him." (Snorri Sturlasson )

Gange-Rolv (Göngu-Hrólfr), var en norsk vikinghøvding og sagafigur som egentlig het Hrólfr Rögnvaldsson (ca 860-932) og var sønn av Ragnvald Mørejarl, kjent som jarlen som klippet Harald Hårfagre etter at Norge var samlet til ett rike.

Gange-Rolv fikk tilnavnet fordi han var så stor at han alltid måtte gå til fots, underforstått at hesten ble for liten. I følge norsk og islandsk tradisjon er denne personen identisk med den historiske Rollo, som i 911 ble utnevnt til hertug over Normandie. Rollos opphav er imidlertid omdiskutert og nok umulig å stadfeste helt sikkert ettersom kildene spriker i alle retninger. En sannsynlig slektning, Vilhelm Erobreren av Normandie, inntok England i 1066 og grunnla et nytt normannisk kongehus i der.

Gange-Rolv var med på mange tokt i Austerled, men ble forvist fra landet av Harald Hårfagre etter et strandhogg han gjorde i Viken (Norge). I henhold til Snorre dro Rolv til Valland (Frankrike) etter landsforvisningen. Der ble han blant annet ble gift med kongsdatteren Gisela, og han skal ha blitt døpt i Saint-Clair-katedralen.

==WIKIPEDIA (Eng)==
Rollo (c. 860 - c. 932) was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. He is also in some later sources known as Robert of Normandy.

The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from Scandinavian name Hrólf (cf. the latinization of Hrólf Kraki into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum).

Historical evidence
Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Dacia, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of Fasge. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.

Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Iceland. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse could carry him. [1]

The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.'

Invasion of France
In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.

Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.

Rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, the Frankish king, Charles the Simple, understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings.

In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert. In return, and in admission of defeat, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground. [2]

Settlement
Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River.

Death
Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped,[citation needed] and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.

Legacy
Rollo is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is a direct ancestor and predecessor of the present-day British royal family, including Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The "Clameur de Haro" in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.

Depictions in Fiction
Rollo is the subject of the 17th Century play Rollo Duke of Normandy written by John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, Ben Jonson, and George Chapman.

References
^ Göngu-Hrólfs saga in Old Norse from heimskringla.no
^ Holden, A.J. (1970). Le Roman de Rou de Wace. Paris: Éditions A.J. Picard. p.54. Lines 1147-1156
D.C. Douglas, "Rollo of Normandy", English Historical Review, Vol. 57 (1942), pp. 414-436
Robert Helmerichs, [Rollo as Historical Figure]
Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish Kingdom under the Carolingians, 751-987, (Longman) 1983
Dudonis gesta Normannorum - Dudo of St. Quentin Gesta Normannorum Latin version at Bibliotheca Augustana
Dudo of St. Quentin's Gesta Normannorum - An English Translation
Gwyn Jones. Second edition: A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press. (1984).
William W. Fitzhugh and Elizabeth Ward. Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga. Smithsonian Institute Press. (2000)
Eric Christiansen. The Norsemen in the Viking Age. Blackwell Publishers Ltd. (2002)
Agnus Konstam. Historical Atlas of the Viking World. Checkmark Books. (2002)
Holgar Arbman. Ancient People and Places: The Vikings. Thames and Husdson. (1961)
Eric Oxenstierna. The Norsemen, New York Graphics Society Publishers, Ltd. (1965)

TEXT - SOURCE?
Rollo was a Viking leader, probably (based on Icelandic sources) from Norway, the son of Ragnvald, Earl of Moer; sagas mention a Hrolf, son of Ragnvald jarl of Moer. However, the latinization Rollo has in no known instance been applied to a Hrolf, and in the texts which speak of him, numerous latinized Hrolfs are included. Dudo of St. Quentin (by most accounts a more reliable source, and at least more recent and living nearer the regions concerned), in his Gesta Normannorum, tells of a powerful Dacian nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Dacia, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed.(1) With his followers (known as Normans, or northmen), Rollo invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event, gives a Scandinavian origin, as does the Orkneyinga Saga, Danish or Norwegian most likely.

Unlike most Vikings whose intentions were to plunder Frankish lands, Rollo's true intentions were to look for lands to settle. Upon arrival in France, and after many battles with the Vikings, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their advances, and decided as a tempory measure to give Rollo land around Rouen, as he did with his other barons, but under the condition that he would convert to Christianity and defend the Seine River from other raiding Vikings.
In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with the French King Charles the Simple, "for the protection of the realm," Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert. In return, and in admission of defeat, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required, in conformity with general usage, to kiss the foot of King Charles, he refused to stoop to what he considered so great a degradation; yet as the homage could not be dispensed with, he ordered one of his warriors to perform it for him. The latter, as proud as his chief, instead of stooping to the royal foot, raised it so high, that the King fell to the ground.
It is important to note that Rollo did stay true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time Rollo and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de-facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet.

Rollo expanded his territory as far west as the Vire River and sometime around 927 he passed the Duchy of Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshiped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true god in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, at the end, some of Rollo's pagan roots eventually came to the surface.
He was a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror. By William, he was a direct ancestor of the present-day British royal family, including Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The "clameur de haro" on the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.

TEXT - SOURCE???
Rollo (later Robert) "of Normandy"
Viking leader in France, d. 932.

Although he is often referred to as the first Duke of Normandy, that title is an anachronism. Probably about 911, King Charles the Simple of France ceded a district around the city of Rouen to Rollo, which eventually evolved into the duchy of Normandy. He is said to have been baptized in 912, assuming the Christian name Robert. He was still living in 928, when he was holding Eudes, son of Heribert of Vermandois, as a captive and was probably dead by 932, when his son William was mentioned as leading the Normans.

Also known as Hrolf the Ganger or Rollon, 1st Duke of Normandy from 911 to 927, called also Rolf the Walker, because, being so tall, he preferred to go afoot rather than ride the little Norwegian horses. Also shown as Rollon, Row, or Robert Originally a Norse Viking, he was noted for strength and martial prowess. In the reign of Charles II the Bald, he sailed up the Seine River and took Rouen, which he kept as a base of operations. He gained a number of victories over the Franks, and extorted the cession of the province since called Normandy. By the famous treaty which Charles the Bald and Rollo signed the latter agreed to adopt Christianity. He was born in 846 and died in 932, and was buried in the Cathedral at Rouen.

Viking Chieftain, Rollo, was so enormous no horse could carry him. Charles the Simple gave Normandy to Rollo by the treaty of St. Clair-sur-Epte in 911.

The Origins Of Normandy:
The founding of Normandy bears a similarity to the way Danelaw came into existence in England some years earlier. The possible founding of Normandy may have been a direct result of the difficulty they found themselves in when invading England, now that it was becoming more organized in resisting them. By the early 900s, Viking raids were common place in northern Europe, including France. To allay these attacks, Charles the Simple, in 911 made a pact with the leader of the Vikings. This Dane was known as Rollo. As a condition of the peace, he accepted baptism. In return he was given an area off the north eastern cost of France which later became known as Normandy, which loosely translates as North man. He was renamed Robert and married princess Gisele, who was the daughter of Charles the Simple. When she died a few years later, he returned to a former mistress by the name of Poppa. Poppa's father was Count Beranger of Bayeux who he had killed in battle.

The Vikings started to make their mark around the Seine and Loire areas. In 911 Rollo took control of Caen from the inhabitants of Breton and history tells us that it was ceded to him by Charles the Simple. This was the beginning of the Duchy of Normandy and William Longsword added the Cotentin peninsular in 933. A Viking longhouse was found at Cobo and also in St Helier.

The recent history of the islands can therefore be traced back quite clearly to Norman times and Islanders proudly state that their ancestors were part of the forces of Norman the Conqueror which defeated England in 1066. In fact since around 933, when Rollo's son William Longsword added the islands to the dukedom of Normandy, the inhabitants of these islands have been answerable only to the Duke of Normandy and his successors, the British sovereign. When Guillaume Duke of Normandy conquered England in 1066, he became King William I as well as Duke of Normandy. However when King John lost the territory of Normandy to Philip II of France, the Channel Islands remained loyal to the English crown. In return for this loyalty, King John granted to the islands, certain rights and privileges in 1215 which enabled them to be virtually self-governing, subject only to Royal ascent and enactments through the Privy Council. In 1294 a large part of the Guernsey population were killed in French raids. In fact over the ensuing centuries, possession of the islands switched back and forth between the English and French six times. Large castles were built most of which still survive today.

Another story about Rollo the Viking [SOURCE?]:
As the grizzled and aging Norsemen in 911 AD returned from an unsuccessful siege of Chartes, France, their prospects for further pillaging looked dim. Fifty years of Norse raids into France had decimated everything worth looting. But their long and bitter struggle had gained them much land in western France. The large and powerful leader of this band of mostly Danes was the Norwegian, Gangerolv (Hrolf, Gongu-Hrolfr, Hrolf the Walker-so called because his feet dragged when on horseback- Rollon, and Rollo. I suspect that in France, he was usually known as Rollon or Robert and the Latin form of Rollo did not appear until later when the English wrote about him.

Suddenly King Charles III, the Simple, also weary of fighting and being urged by Pope John X to Christianize the Norse, offered to sign a treaty at the town of St. Clair on the Ept River. This began his association with this name and veneration of the Saint, however it was from his later descendants living at St. Clair-sur-Elle that the St. Clair/Sinclair took their name.

But Charles was not dealing with just a super crafty pirate that had risen from obscurity to regional fame. No, Rollo’s father was Rognvald, The Wise, jarl (Earl) of Møre, Norway, the first jarl of Orkney, and a near relative of King Harold Fairhair. Rollo’s mother was Countess Ragnhilda, daughter of the sea King Rolf Nefia. Rollo's brother, Thorir, succeeded Rognvald to the jarldom of Møre and married King Harold's daughter, Arbota . Harold bestowed the Shetlands and Orkneys on jarl Rognvald’s family. The jarl’s brother, Sigurd, the sea King Einar, and one-eyed, ruthless and middling poet added, Caithness to their holdings and was the second jarl of Orkney. The house of Rognvald was one of the oldest lines of rulers in Norway with Rollo's brothers, Hallard and Einar also becoming the 4th and 5th Earls of Orkney. Einar’s descendant, Isobel, married William Sinclair, 11th Baron of Rossyln, a descendant of Einar’s brother Gangerolv/Rollo. This connected the Norse lines of Einar and Rollo back to Rognvald again.

About 860, when Rollo was born on the island of Giske near Ålesund in Møre, Harold began his efforts to control all of Norway. In 872 he was crowned King of Norway at the Earl of Møre’s court. Young Rollo did not like the loss of freedom and the King’s taxes. He angered King Harald by stealing his cattle and was banished upon pain of death. Other Norwegian nobility were dispossessed as Harold continued to consolidate his hold on the smaller kingdoms. Many of them went into commerce or to "Viking". Rollo, using the ship his father gave him, soon drew others discontents and retaliated with raids against his homeland. He then moved on to Scotland and France. He probably accompanied the Danish Viking chief, Siegfried in an ill fated siege of Paris in 886 or 888. He may have also joined with Guthran, a Dane, in fighting King Alfred the Great in England. These Viking armadas were made up of several nationalities.

The Normans were camped on the right bank and the French on the left bank of the Epte River in preparation for the signing of the 911 treaty which would make Rollo the Count/Duke of Rouen and secure the lands he had already gained. (The title of Duke wasn’t used much until after 1006 AD. In return Rollo promised to defend the land against other Norsemen and be baptized.) Custom then required that Rollo demonstrate his loyalty and service by kissing King Charles’ foot. But, Rollo thought it beneath himself to kneel and kiss the King’s foot. Consequently, he told one of his men, Hastings, to do it instead. His man obeyed reluctantly but as he did so, he raised Charles’ foot so high that the King tipped over backwards. Instead he pledged his fidelity by giving a bowl of water, a clod of earth and a stick and pressing the King's hands between his, gave Charles his pledge of obedience.*

In 912 AD, Rollo and his followers using more political wisdom than inner conviction, were baptized and his name was changed this time to Robert. Rollo quickly set down principals and regulations protecting each man’s person and possessions. He strengthened the towns’ defenses, gave the countryside peace and devoted himself to the interests of his fief, soon called Normandy after the Norsemen. From the beginning Norman society had an aristocratic and feudal character lacking in Denmark and the Danish settlements in England. In 1066 AD, Rollo’s great-great-great grandson, William the Conqueror, imposed this finely-tuned feudal system upon the Saxons of England.

Back in 886 AD, Rollo’s group attacked Bayeaux, Brittany and killed their Count Berenger. He then took the Count’s daughter, Poppa, as his "Danish Wife". This common practice was accepted by laymen. The two contracting parties knew that if better social or political prospects appeared, such a marriage could be ended without a complex church divorce. Rollo possibly had about fourteen children but the four known to us today were probably Poppa’s, the aristocrat's, children: Gerlotte m. Wm. Earl of Pointiers; Adele b. 897 d. 962 m. Duke Guillaune III of Aquitaine; William 2nd Duke of Normandy b.c. 915 m. d/o Count Robert de Vermandon; and Robert m. daughter of Earl of Corbuell. As part of the 911 treaty, Charles gave Rollo his daughter, Giselle, but there were no children from this marriage. Since there is no official records of this marriage, it is possible that Giselle was the 'Natural Daughter' of the King. Now he was the son-in-law of the King of France.

Rollo’s great-granddaughter, Emma married two Kings of England, Æhelred the Unready and Knut who was also King of Norway and Denmark. Her son, Edward the Confessor, from the first marriage, was King of England from 1042-1066. Rollo’s descendants have ruled England almost continually from that time unto today. Most European rulers by the thirteenth century could trace their ancestry to Rollo also.

Rollo’s enemies probably considered him cruel and arrogant, but history also indicates Rollo’s intelligence, with exceptional skills in navigation, warfare, leadership, and administration. He deepend and narrowed the Seine at Rouen. His work lasted almost 1000 years. After WWII the US Army Corps of Engineers had few improvements to make. Among his people, he was for hundreds of years, the personification of justice and good government under law. He was responsible for deepening the Seine at Rouen. Some of this project is still working today. He abdicated to his son, William I in 927 then died in Bec Hallouin Monastary in 933 and buried at Notre Dame, Rouen, France.

The Normans were Scandinavian invaders who settled Normandy from about 820. Raids by these Northmen or Norsemen up the Seine River began before the middle of the ninth century. They gradually established themselves at the mouths of the Seine and other rivers in northern France. In 911 the Frankish king, Charles the Simple, granted Rollo and his band of Northmen the district about Rouen, to which additional territory was added a few years later. Scandinavian immigrants arrived in great numbers to colonize the land, and the area became known as Normandy.

As was the custom at the time, men could have more than one wife. Rollo had a pagan wife, Poppa and two children. Even so, a priest married him to the daughter of the French King Charles The Simple (Gisela de France) in a christian ceremony. There were no children of this marriage. In 918, Rollo married his wife Poppa in a Christian ceremony and thus legitimised his son Guillaume and daughter Gerloc (baptised Adele). Poppa and Rollo had to send Guilliame to be raised by clerics to guarantee his right to succede his father as Duke of Normandy. Guillaume was later known as William Longsword.

Rollo is buried in a tomb in Notre Dame Cathedral at Rouen, France.

==STORE NORSKE LEKSIKON==
Rollo Gange-Rolv Ragnvaldsson, eller Rollo ? Gange-Rolv Ragnvaldsson, Fødselsår og fødested er ukjent; Dødsår og -sted er ukjent; omkring 900. Vestnorsk vikinghøvding. Foreldre: Ragnvald Mørejarl og Hild Rolvsdatter. Kildene opplyser ikke om han var gift. Halvbror av Einar Ragnvaldsson (død ca. 910).

Gange-Rolv har historisk betydning fremfor alt fordi han er blitt identifisert med Rollo, den første hertugen i Normandie. 911 sluttet den franske kongen, Karl den enfoldige, og vikinghøvdingen Rollo en avtale som gikk ut på at Rollo og hans menn skulle få slå seg ned i området rundt utløpet av Seinen mot å verge landet mot andre vikinger.

Om Gange-Rolv som norsk høvding har vi ikke mange opplysninger. Han var sønn av Ragnvald Mørejarl og Hild, datter av en ellers ukjent høvding, Rolv Nevja, som han ble oppkalt etter. Sagaene forklarer tilnavnet hans med at han var så stor at han ikke kunne sitte på en hest (norrønt Gǫngu-Hrólfr, 'Rolv som går'). Ellers sies det at han lå mye ute i viking, og at Harald Hårfagre til slutt gjorde ham fredløs etter at han også hadde herjet i Norge. Hans mor skal ha klaget over dette i en skaldestrofe som er bevart.

Norsk-islandsk historieskrivning var i middelalderen enig om at Gange-Rolv og Rollo var samme person. Det eldste skriftlige belegget finnes i den latinske Historia Norvegiæ (ca. 1180), som ble forfattet i Norge. Snorre forteller i sine kongesagaer at Gange-Rolv erobret Normandie etter først å ha herjet i området Hebridene – Irskesjøen – Frankrike, og at mange nordmenn bosatte seg i Normandie sammen med ham.

På slutten av 1800-tallet oppstod det en livlig debatt om hvem Rollo var. Diskusjonen, som delvis fulgte nasjonale skillelinjer (med danske og norske historikere på hver sin side), fikk særlig aktualitet i tiden frem mot Normandies store tusenårsfeiring 1911. Et viktig punkt i debatten ved siden av Rollos identitet var hvordan man burde forstå begreper som “nordmenn” og “daner” i de middelalderlige kildene, og også hvor “dansk” eller “norsk” bosetningen i Normandie hadde vært.

Den danske historikeren Johannes Steenstrup startet debatten. Hans hovedargument var klare utsagn hos den franske historieskriveren Dudo av St. Quentin om at Rollo var dansk. Siden Dudo skrev sitt verk om de normanniske hertugene rundt 1020, syntes han å stå begivenhetene nærmere enn sagaskriverne, slik at hans versjon måtte foretrekkes. Samtidig betonte Steenstrup, med argumenter som foregrep den senere sagakritikken, hvor lite man egentlig kunne bygge på de norrøne sagaene.

Norske historikere – fremst blant dem Gustav Storm, Alexander Bugge og Ebbe Hertzberg – trakk derimot Dudos kildeverdi i tvil, og pekte på hvor fullstendig upålitelig hans fremstilling ellers er i det han skriver om Rollo og Danmark, med historiske og geografiske opplysninger som overhodet ikke stemmer. De la også vekt på at Rollo skulle ha hatt en datter, Gerloc (Geirlaug), hvis navn snarest tydet på en norsk forbindelse, og at det også på fransk grunn, i yngre skrifter enn Dudos, finnes en tradisjon om at Rollo var norsk.

Spørsmålet om hvem Rollo var, vil aldri kunne bli definitivt besvart. Men blant så vel norske som franske og britiske historikere er det nå vanlig å mene at bedømt ut fra kildene – og i valget mellom de to foreliggende mulighetene – er det tross alt mest som taler for en norsk opprinnelse.

Svært lite er overlevert om Rollos regjering i Normandie. Kildene kan berette at han lot seg døpe 912, og han døde sannsynligvis en gang mellom 928 og 932. Rollos etterkommere satt som hertuger i Normandie frem til 1202, og hans sønnesønns sønnesønns sønn Guillaume (død 1087) ble konge i England 1066 (Vilhelm Erobreren).

25. september 1911 ble det i byparken i Ålesund under en stor folkefest avduket en statue av Rollo/Gange-Rolv. Statuen var en gave til byen fra Rouen i Normandie. Den er en bronsekopi av en originalstatue i marmor fra 1863, som står utenfor katedralen i Rouen.

Kilder og litteratur
* Heimskringla
* Historia Norvegiæ
* J. Steenstrup: Normannerne, bd. 1, København 1876, s. 128–163 og 330–350
* G. Strom: Kritiske Bidrag til Vikingetidens Historie, 1878
* A. Bugge: “Gange-Rolv og erobringen av Normandie”, i HT, rk. 5, bd. 1, 1912, s. 160–196
* E. Hertzberg: “Traditionen om Gange-Rolv”, ibid., s. 197–247
* H. Koht: biografi i NBL1, bd. 4, 1929
* L. Musset: “L'origine de Rollon”, i Studia Nordica et Normannica, Paris 1997, s. 383–388

==ARTICLE by DICK HARRISON (Swedish)==
Det var Gånge Rolf som tog Normandie. Han var son till en mäktig jarl på västkusten av Norge som frivilligt slöt sig till konung Harald Hårfager när denne började sitt storverk att underlägga sig hela Norge. Jarlen vann därmed ett högt anseende hos konung Harald och åtnjöt mycken gunst av honom. Han hade, utom Rolf, två söner, alla dugliga och utmärkta män; men ingen av dem vann dock den världshistoriska betydelse som Rolf gjorde, även om det från början såg helt annorlunda ut för människors ögon.

Redan från sin tidiga ungdom låg han ute i viking och svärmade omkring på haven. Så kom han en höst till öarna väster om Skottland (Hebriderna), och emedan vintern hindrade honom från att gå hem drog han till England. Här hade han efter några strider en dröm att han skulle ta sig till Frankrike. Han släppte nu de fångar han tagit lösa, och mellan honom och konung Alfred den store, som då regerade i England, uppstod därefter en trofast vänskap. Om våren skulle han då draga över till Frankrike.
Han lämnade England, men blev stormdriven till ön Walcheren. Här blev han överfallen, men segrade och tågade sedan härjande omkring i frisernes land samt vände sig derpå till Hennegau.

Greve Raginer av Hennegau, en tapper och stridbar man, uppbjöd alla sina krafter för att hämma Rolfs framträngande, men förgäfves. Rolf vann seger på seger. Slutligen lade sig Raginer i bakhåll för Rolf, men blev överraskad och tillfångatagen.
Nu blev bestörtningen stor i landet, och Raginers grevinna sände bud till Rolf och bjöd honom tolv i de föregående striderna tillfångatagna nordmän som lösen för sin herre och man.
Sändebuden återkom med svaret att greven ögonblickligen skulle halshuggas om inte dessa tolv män genast frigavs och återsändes tillsammans med allt det silver och guld som fanns i landet. Betagen av fruktan för sin mans liv uppfyllde grevinnan de hårda vilkoren, skonande därvid inte ens kyrkorna, och alla dessa skatter sände hon till Rolf med helig försäkran att landet inte hade mer att ge.

Då kallade Rolf greven inför sig, och sedan han förebrått honom anfallet på Walcherenåtergav han honom friheten. »Jag återgiver dig, ättstore och stridbare man» - låter krönikeskrivaren honom säga - «jag återgiver dig åt din hustru, jag återgiver dig ock hälften av allt det guld och silver som hon skickat mig till lösen för dig; vare det hädanefter ingen oenighet mellan oss, utan stadig vänskap och fred!»

Rolf förvisas från Norge
Sedan Rolf lämnat detta minne av storsinthet och ädelmod efter sig i Frisland drog han bort efter kusten, ämnande sig till Frankrike. Men ödet hade annorlunda beslutat. Bud kom från konung Alfred i England som begärde hans hjälp mot sina fiender. Rolf befann sig redan på väg uppför Seine då konung Alfreds bud nådde honom, och han vände genast om varpå han en tid uppehöll sig i England samt därefter åter drog ut i härnad till åtskilliga länder.

Slutligen gjorde han ett tåg inåt Östersjön, och på återvägen därifrån seglade han till fäderneslandet, men gjorde därvid enligt vikingased strandhugg i Wiken, såsom Bohus län då kallades. Med strandhugg menades att gå i land, taga och nedslakta all den boskap man kunde komma över för att förse fartygen med livsmedel.

Konung Harald, som nu genomfört sitt verk och samlat hela Norge i sin hand, var en sträng och mäktig konung som ville ha ordning och fred i sitt rike och därför förbjudit alla röverier. Det ville sig nu inte bättre än att konungen själv befann sig i Wiken när Rolf gjorde sitt strandhugg, och han blev högligen förtörnad över vad som skett och stämde genast Rolf inför sig på tinget. Med obeveklig stränghet dömde konungen här den vittfrejdade mannen till landsflykt. Förgäves var alla den gamla moderns böner om mildring i detta hårda straff. Konungen stod fast, och Rolf måste för alltid lemna sin fädernebygd.

Nu styrde han kosan till Frankrike. Det var omkring år 896. När han seglade uppför Seine fylldes bebyggarna av skräck för dessa ständigt återkommande anfall från havet, och när hans flotta närmade sig Rouen kom ärkebiskopen därstädes mot honom, bad å stadens vägnar om skydd och underkastade sig Rolf. Denne lovade skydd eftersom stadsborna var fattiga och värnlösa, och när han väl lagt sitt drakskepp vid S:t Martins-kyrkan och sett hur öde och förfallen staden var lade han råd med sina män om huruvida man skulle ta landet i besittning eller ej.
De tillstyrkte det eftersom det var ett fruktbart och vackert land, och så reste sig snart åter murarna och tornen kring Rouen der Rolf själv tog sin bostad. Därefter drog han vidare uppför Seine till Pont de Varche i vars närhet den franska hären stod lägrad vid den lilla floden Eure. Här möter oss åter namnet Hasting på en nordman som nu var bosatt i Frankrike och hade Chartres i förläning - ett bevis för hur sagan älskar att förknippa rätt skilda tilldragelser vid ett för henne kärt namn.

Karl den enfaldige, Hasting och Gånge Rolf
Konungen i Frankrike, som då hette Carl den enfaldige, och hans härförare rådgjorde med denne Hasting om vad som var att göra, och denne tillstyrkte underhandling samt blev själv jämte två andra nordbor utsedd till sändebud. De gick ram till stranden av Eure på vars andra strand Rolfs sändebud mötte.

Hasting ropade till de senare: »Vilka är ni och i vilken avsikt har ni kommit hit?» - »Vi är nordmän» -blev svaret - »och har kommit att underlägga oss Frankrike.» - »Hvilken är er anförare?» - frågade Hasting vidare. Härpå svarades, att de alla hade lika makt. Han frågade åter om de hade hört något talas om Hasting, som fordom drog till Frankrike med en väldig här?
- »Om honom är det sagt» - svarade Rolfs män - »att han börjat manligt och stort, men att han haft föga glädje och heder av sitt slut.» - Detta var tråkigt för Hasting att höra, men han frågade dock om inte även de ville ta land i län a den franska konungen. - »Nej!» - svarades - »vi vill ta oss land med svärdet och icke underkasta oss någon.»
Slutligen frågade Hasting vad de ämnade företaga sig, men fick till svar att de inte ämnade redogöra för det, varpå de gick sin väg.

När Hasting återkom överlades om man skulle våga en drabbning, men Hasting avstyrkte då han funnit att nordmannahären bestod av idel ungt och utvalt folk. Detta väckte misstankar mot honom, och en av fransmännen utropade: »Varg fångas inte med varg, räv inte med räv!» över vilket Hasting blev så upprörd att han icke vidare deltog i rådslagen. Drabbningen beslöts, och konung Carl gick över floden och anföll, men blev i grunden slagen. Alla som inte kunde fly blev tillfångatagna eller nedgjorda.

På samma sätt gick det med en ny, ännu starkare fransk här varefter Rolf drog vida omkring utan motstånd och slutligen gick tillbaka till Rouen där han blev stilla någon tid, sysselsatt med att ordna det nordmanna-nybygge, som här började uppstå. Samtidigt höll biskopar och abboter ett möte vilket öppnades med en klagan över de stora lidanden man under så många år nödgats utstå, och man fann orsaken till alla olyckor i de kristnas synder varigenom deras kraft förlamades så att de inte kunde motstå hedningarne.

Mitt härunder bröt Rolf upp och drog åter uppför Seine, på samma gång som andra vikingaskaror drog uppför Loire och Garonne, till utseeendet handlande efter en gemensamt uppgjord plan. Detta satte konung Carl i den högsta förskräckelse, så att han bad Rolf om stillestånd på tre månader.

Stillestånd, strid och uppgörelse
- »Det var en skymf för Frankrike!» - skrek konungens vasaller och började genast fientligheterna efter stilleståndets slut. De hade en framgång vid Chartres, men Rolf var i själva verket den starkare, och i Frankrike såg man inte annat än undergång för ögonen. Carl sammankallade åter sina vasaller till överläggning, och nu var deras sinnen så omstämda att de fann sig böra underkasta sig vida hårdare vilkor än enbart några månaders stillestånd.

De rådde konungen att ge nordmannahövdingen ett stycke land att bebo och därtill sin dotter Gisela till gemål för att på så sätt binda honom vid Frankrike och i honom få ett värn mot nya fiender. Ärkebiskop Franco gick med dessa förlikningsvilkor till Rolf. Denne fann dem antagliga, han ingick ett nytt stillestånd, och därefter skulle man åter sammanträda för att fullborda freden. Greve Robert av Paris slöt en särskild fred, och uppmanade Rolf att antaga kristendomen, och Rolf sade till konungens utskickade: »Jag samtycker till eder konungs förslag, han skall vara för mig en fader, och jag vill vara hans son!»

När den slutliga freden gjorde supp förklarade dock Rolf att det land han fått var för litet och fordrade mera. Han fick då Bretagne, som låg alldeles invid det förra, vilket efter hans nordmän började kallas Normandie.

Kyssa franske kungen fot...?
Nu ställdes gisslan på ömse sidor, och Rolf begav sig till franska konungens läger. Här beundrade alla hans höga kämpaskepnad och manliga skönhet, och Rolf lade sina händer mellan konungens till tecken av hyllning.

Efter skick och bruk, när någon mottog ett län, skulle nu Rolf kyssa konungens fot, men det vägrade han. »Jag vill aldrig böja knä för någon eller kyssa någons fot!» - sade han. Men då man envisades befallde han slutligen en av sina krigare att göra det i hans ställe. Denne gjorde detta, men på så sätt att han fattade konungens fot och lyfte den upp till sin mun så att konungen därvid föll baklänges.

Sedan konungen vederbörligen insatt Rolf i hans förläning drog han bort, men greve Robert och ärkebiskopen stannade kvar hos Rolf, vilken följande år (912) blev döpt till kristendomen.

Rolf regerade sedan med kraft och klokhet sitt land, ordnande dess inre förhållanden på ett sätt som i väsentlig mån skilde det från det övriga Frankrike. Nordbons medfödda självständighetskänsla bibehölls utan att det helas sammanhållning på något sätt rubbades. Alla var, såsom krigaren svarade Hasting, lika och erkände icke någon mellanmakt mellan sig och Rolf, och detta drag genomgår hela det normandiska länsväsendet.

Rolf dog 931 i Rouen, sedan han i nitton år varit hertig över Normandie. Hans ben vilar i domkyrkan i Rouen där man ännu i dag kan se hans gravvård, mitt emot hans sons, i ett av kyrkans kapell.

NAMNSPÅR (Swedish)
Namnspår efter vikingarna i Frankrike
Ur Svenska Familj-journalen 1871 från Projekt Runeberg,
något språkligt moderniserad

Det var naturligt att nordmännens språk snart skulle bortblandas eftersom ganska få av dem förde hustrur med sig, utan äktade infödda kvinnor, och barnen således uppföddes i franskt tungomål. Men till en början var man noga med att barnen skulle lära sig att tala sina fäders språk, och detta har även lämnat spår efter sig som knappast någonsin helt kommer att utplånas. En mängd namn på orter i Normandie är ännu nordiska, men med de förändringar som århundraden av franskt uttal nödvändigtvis måste medföra.
Så alla de ortnamn som slutar på beuf eller boeuf, där vi tydligt igenkänner det norska bo eller det svenska bo, t. ex. Elboeuf (Elfbo), Criqueboeuf (Kyrkiebo), Limboeuf (Lindbo), Daubeuf (Dalbo). Så är även förhållandet med ortnamnen på tot, som inte är annat än det norska toft, det svenska tofta, t. ex. Routot (Rolfstofta), Lintot (Lindtofta), Yvetot (Iwarstofta), Criquetot (Kyrketofta), Gonnetot (Gunnarstofta) o. s. v.
Namn på fleur påminner om det fornnordiska fljot, t. ex. Fiquefleur (Fiskafljot), Honfteur (Hindarfljot). Andra ortnamn på bec, det nordiska bäck - Caudebec, Bolbec -, på dieppe, det nordiska djup, och på dale, det nordiska dal, häntyda även på sitt nordiska ursprung.
Ännu en mängd ortnamn finns där det nordiska gård blivit utbytt mot det romaniska villa eller ville, men namnets första del blivit bibehållen, såsom Ingouville (Ingulfsgård), Herouville (Herjulfsgård), o. m. d.

Men även om det nordiska målet till slut försvann så låg där dock en sådan kraft i den nordiska andan att den från Normandie liksom genomträngde och upplyfte hela den nordfranska adeln både i litteratur och ridderliga idrotter.

==from [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8-TsAgAAQBAJ&dq=inauthor:%22John+Haaren%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Famous Men of the Middle Ages" by John Haaren]

Rollo the Viking Died 931 A.D.
I
For more than two hundred years during the Middle Ages the Christian countries of Europe were attacked on the southwest by the Saracens of Spain, and on the northwest by the Norsemen, or Northmen. The Northmen were so called because they came into Middle Europe from the north. Sometimes they were called Vikings (Vi’-kings), or pirates, because they were adventurous sea-robbers who plundered all countries which they could reach by sea.
Their ships were long and swift. In the centre was placed a single mast, which carried one large sail. For the most part, however, the Norsemen depended on rowing, not on the wind, and sometimes there were twenty rowers in one vessel.
The Vikings were a terror to all their neighbours; but the two regions that suffered most from their attacks were the Island of Britain and that part of Charlemagne’s empire in which the Franks were settled.
Nearly fifty times in two hundred years the lands of the Franks were invaded. The Vikings sailed up the large rivers into the heart of the region which we now call France and captured and pillaged cities and towns. Some years after Charlemagne’s death they went as far as his capital, Aix (aks), took the place, and stabled their horses in the cathedral which the great emperor had built.
In the year 860 they discovered Iceland and made a settlement upon its shores. A few years later they sailed as far as Greenland, and there established settlements which existed for about a century.
These Vikings were the first discoverers of the continent on which we live. Ancient books found in Iceland tell the story of the discovery. It is related that a Viking ship was driven during a storm to a strange coast, which is thought to have been that part of America now known as Labrador.
When the captain of the ship returned home he told what he had seen. His tale so excited the curiosity of a young Viking prince, called Leif the Lucky, that he sailed to the newly discovered coast.
Going ashore, he found that the country abounded in wild grapes; and so he called it Vinland, or the land of Vines. Vinland is thought to have been a part of what is now the Rhode Island coast.
The Vikings were not aware that they had found a great unknown continent. No one in the more civilized parts of Europe knew anything about their discovery; and after a while the story of the Vinland voyages seems to have been forgotten, even among the Vikings themselves.
So it is not to them that we owe the discovery of America, but to Columbus; because his discovery, though nearly five hundred years later than that of the Norsemen, actually made known to all Europe, for all time, the existence of the New World.
II
The Vikings had many able chieftains. One of the most famous was Rollo the Walker, so called because he was such a giant that no horse strong enough to carry him could be found, and therefore he always had to walk. However, he did on foot what few could do on horseback.
In 885 seven hundred ships, commanded by Rollo and other Viking chiefs, left the harbours of Norway, sailed to the mouth of the Seine (San), and started up the river to capture the city of Paris.
Rollo and his men stopped on the way at Rouen (rö-on’), which also was on the Seine, but nearer its mouth. The citizens had heard of the giant, and when they saw the river covered by his fleet they were dismayed. However, the bishop of Rouen told them that Rollo could be as noble and generous as he was fierce; and he advised them to open their gates and trust to the mercy of the Viking chief. This was done, and Rollo marched into Rouen and took possession of it. The bishop had given good advice, for Rollo treated the people very kindly.
Soon after capturing Rouen he left the place, sailed up the river to Paris, and joined the other Viking chiefs. And now for six long miles the beautiful Seine was covered with Viking vessels, which carried an army of thirty thousand men.
A noted warrior named Eudes (Ude) was Count of Paris, and he had advised the Parisians to fortify the city. So not long before the arrival of Rollo and his companions, two walls with strong gates had been built round Paris.
It was no easy task for even Vikings to capture a strongly walled city. We are told that Rollo and his men built a high tower and rolled it on wheels up to the walls. At its top was a floor well manned with soldiers. But the people within the city shot hundreds of arrows at the besiegers, and threw down rocks, or poured boiling oil and pitch upon them.
The Vikings thought to starve the Parisians, and for thirteen months they encamped round the city. At length food became very scarce, and Count Eudes determined to go for help. He went out through one of the gates on a dark, stormy night, and rode post-haste to the king. He told him that something must be done to save the people of Paris.
So the king gathered an army and marched to the city. No battle was fought—the Vikings seemed to have been afraid to risk one. They gave up the siege, and Paris was relieved.
Rollo and his men went to the Duchy of Burgundy, where, as now, the finest crops were raised and the best of wines were made.
III
Perhaps after a time Rollo and his Vikings went home; but we do not know what he did for about twenty-five years. We do know that he abandoned his old home in Norway in 911. Then he and his people sailed from the icy shore of Norway and again went up the Seine in hundreds of Viking vessels.
Of course, on arriving in the land of the Franks, Rollo at once began to plunder towns and farms.
Charles, then king of the Franks, although his people called him the Simple, or Senseless, had sense enough to see that this must be stopped.
So he sent a message to Rollo and proposed that they should have a talk about peace. Rollo agreed and accordingly they met. The king and his troops stood on one side of a little river, and Rollo with his Vikings stood on the other. Messages passed between them. The king asked Rollo what he wanted.
“Let me and my people live in the land of the Franks; let us make ourselves home here, and I and my Vikings will become your vassals," answered Rollo. He asked for Rouen and the neighbouring land. So the king gave him that part of Francia; and ever since it has been called Normandy, the land of the Northmen.
When it was decided that the Vikings should settle in Francia and be subjects of the Frankish king, Rollo was told that he must kiss the foot of Charles in token that he would be the king’s vassal. The haughty Viking refused. “Never,” said he, “will I bend my knee before any man, and no man’s foot will I kiss.” After some persuasion, however, he ordered one of his men to perform the act of homage for him. The king was on horseback and the Norseman, standing by the side of the horse, suddenly seized the king’s foot and drew it up to his lips. This almost made the king fall from his horse, to the great amusement of the Norsemen.
Becoming a vassal to the king meant that if the king went to war Rollo would be obliged to join his army and bring a certain number of armed men—one thousand or more.
Rollo now granted parts of Normandy to his leading men on condition that they would bring soldiers to his army and fight under him. They became his vassals, as he was the king’s vassal.
The lands granted to vassals in this way were called feuds, and this plan of holding lands was called the Feudal System.
It was established in every country of Europe during the Middle Ages.
The poorest people were called serfs. They were almost slaves and were never permitted to leave the estate to which they belonged. They did all the work. They worked chiefly for the landlords, but partly for themselves.
Having been a robber himself, Rollo knew what a shocking thing it was to ravage and plunder, and he determined to change his people’s habits. He made strict laws and hanged robbers. His duchy thus became one of the safest parts of Europe.
The Northmen learned the language of the Franks and adopted their religion.
The story of Rollo is also interesting because Rollo was the forefather of that famous Duke of Normandy who, less than a hundred and fifty years later, conquered England and brought into that country the Norman nobles with their French language and customs.

…Famous Men of the Middle Ages By John H. Haaren (John Henry)

==FURTHER LINKS==
http://sinclair.quarterman.org/sinclair/who/rollo.html
http://ice.mm.com/user/rob/Rollo/LiteraryRollo.html
http://ice.mm.com/user/rob/Rollo/HistoricalRollo.html

%&%&%&%&%&%&%&%&%&%&%&%&%&%&%&

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The fiefdom of Normandy was created in 911 for the Viking leader Rollo (also known as Rolf).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo_of_Normandy

Rollo (c. 846 – c. 931), baptised Robert and so sometimes numbered Robert I to distinguish him from his descendants, was a Norwegian or Danish nobleman and the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. His descendants were the Dukes of Normandy.

The name "Rollo" is a Latin translation due to the clerics from the Old Norse name Hrólfr, modern Scandinavian name Rolf (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum), but Norman people called him Rouf, and later Rou too (see Wace's Roman de Rou).[1] He married Poppa. All that is known of Poppa is that she was a Christian, and the daughter to Berengar of Rennes, the previous lord of Brittania Nova, which eventually became western Normandy.
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Noteringar

Nordisk vikingahövding, erhöll före 918 av Karl den enfaldige land mot löfte att värja det frankiska riket. Kring hans person har spunnits många sägner och han kallas i den islänska litteraturen för "Gånge-Rolf", därför att han var så reslig att ingen häst kunde bära honom.

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It is recorded that Count Berenger of Bayeux was killed by Duke Rollo of Normandy, who then took Berenger's daughter Popa de Bayeux and made her his (second) wife or concubine..

http://ancestoranecdotes.blogspot.com/2010/07/rollo-rolf-aka-robert-i-duke-of.html
The early Norman rulers consolidated their position by marriages with the first level of French noble families. At the same time, the early rulers clung to the Scandinavian tradition of concubinage: the mothers of Counts Richard I and Richard II were probably both of relatively obscure Viking descent and recorded by the chronicler Guillaume of Jumièges as having been married "à la Danoise". Back in 886 AD, Rollo’s group attacked Bayeaux, Brittany and killed their Count Berenger. He then took the Count’s daughter, Poppa, as his "Danish Wife". This common practice was accepted by laymen. The two contracting parties knew that if better social or political prospects appeared, such a marriage could be ended without a complex church divorce This appears to have presented no obstacle to their subsequent accession as dukes.

Rollo was renamed Robert and married princess Gisele, as part of the 911 treaty, Charles gave Rollo his daughter, Giselle, but there were no children from this marriage. Since there are no official records of this marriage, it is possible that Giselle was the 'Natural Daughter' of the King. Now he was the son-in-law of the King of France. When she died a few years later, he returned to a former mistress or à la Danoise": Poppa.

Rollo possibly had about fourteen children but the four known to us today were probably Poppa’s.

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Also: Robert, Rolf, the Ganger. Rollo, occasionally known as Rollo the Viking, (c. 860 - c. 932) was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. He is also in some sources known as Robert of Normandy, using his baptismal name. The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from Scandinavian name Hr?lf (cf. the latinization of Hr?lf Kraki into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum). Rollo separated himself from his king, Harald I of Norway and set off with a pirate band to plunder in England, Scotland, and France. Rollo's band besieged Paris, but he was defeated in the Battle of Chartres. By the Treaty of Saint-Claire-sur-Epte, The Carolingian Emperor of France, Charles III, the Simple, would grant Rollo lands in what would become Normandy in the valley of the lower Seine River, the name Normandy coming from its rulers the Norsemen who had followed Rollo. Rollo became the first Duke of Normandy, the ancestor of Geoffrey V Plantagenet and the Angevin-Plantagenet kings of England. Rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple realized that his armies could not effectively defend against the raids and guerrilla tactics, and decided to appease Rollo by giving him land and hereditary titles under the condition that he defend against other Vikings. Led by Rollo, the Vikings settled in Normandy after being granted the land. They subsequently established the Duchy of Normandy. The descendants who emerged from the interactions between Vikings, Franks and Gallo-Romans became known as Normans. This may explain why a noticeably higher than average rate of men living in northernwestern France today are of the (Nordic) I1 ydna haplogroup.
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Given Names: Rollo
Surname Prefix: Duke Of
Surname: Normandy

Source: History of the Norwegian People

Note: The popular name is Gange Rolv. He is the son Ragnhild Rolvsdatter, which makes him a stepson of Ragnvald Morejarl Eilivssen.

Landnåmabok presenterer Rolvs slekt og opplyser kort at han vant Normandie og at han er stamfar til Englands konger. Kort historie: http://www.hf.uio.no/iln/forskning/aktuelt/aktuelle-saker/2011/gange-rolv.pdf
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"Gangerolf", "Rollón", "Robert", "Rollo de Normandie", "Gǫnguhrólfr", "Gangu-Hrólfr Ragnvaldsson", "the Dane", "Rolf the Walker", "Robert of Normandy", "the Ganger", "le danois", "Robert", "Hrólfr", "Rollon el Caminante", "Ganger Rolf", "Rollo"

_________________

Was also married to Gisele (876) who had child Adela of Normandy (b. 877)

Married Poppa c. 886

Dukes of Brittany: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2b/BrittanyDukes.png

_______________

Warren researcher Norma Krchhofer has stated the following:

Rollo conquered Normandy & m Poppa

William Duke of Normandy m Adela

Richard Duke of Normandy m Gunnora d/o Danish Knight father of Geoffrey of Eu (later DeClare)

Richard the Good m Judith of Brittany had Richard & Robert

Robert the Magnificent Duke of Normandy & mistress Arletta of Falaise

William the Bastard m Queen Matilda of Flanders

=====================================================

William I -

S/O Robert II the Devil of, Duke of Normandy 6th born CIR 1008 died 6/22/1035 -

S/O Richard II the Good, Duke of Normandy 4th died 8/28/1026 -

S/O Richard I the Fearless, Duke of Normandy 3rd born 933 died 11/20/996 -

S/O William I Longsword of Duke of Normandy 2nd died 942 -

S/O Robert (Rollo) of Norway Duke of Normandy I born 870 died 932 -

S/O Rolf the Ganger, Duke of Normandy 1st born 846 died 932 -

S/O Ragnvald the Wise More born ABT 872 died ABT 894 -

S/O , Gulmera, Eystein the Noisy born 788 -

S/O Ivar of the Uplands.

=====================================================

Rollo was so tall he couldn't ride the norweigen horses..

Normandy was raided so many times that it is said there is a bit of viking

in all of the Normans

Warren is a Norman French surname.

A common mutation linked to Cambro-Norman Surnames.[French in Ireland]

Whose origin is given as Celtic is "Iron Overload". If you have tested

and are of the C282Y group. Hemochromatosis is the

medical term.

DNA can be used to determine if you are at risk of developing a genetic

disease. Therefore being of benefit to you and your offspring.

With C282Y records go back abt 60 generations. Remember it is Celtic in

Origin.

It is from the Normans that Normandy gets its name. The word "Norman" derives from "North Man," that is, People of the North, or THE VIKINGS!

Now, if you wish to get a little more eclectic and trace migratory patterns further back, it is thought in some circles that these Vikings were descendants of the "Lost Tribe" of Dan. This theory is neither proven NOR disproven, but migratory patterns in the middle-east, Russia and eastern Europe over a 1,500 year period (700 BC - 800AD) actually DO point to this possibility!

This is just food for thought. I am not proposing this theory as truth. Being ever the skeptic, I neither attack nor defend this theory until further, more conclusive archeology brings it into the proper light. However, as genealogists, whether it is true or not, we dare not discount this possibility.

- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- -

Rollo (c. 860 – c. 932), baptised Robert, was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy.

The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrólfr (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr into the similar

Falaise castle was the home of Rollo A Danish Knight

Rollo on the Six Dukes statue in Falaise town square.Duke of NormandyReign911-927SuccessorWilliam I Born860

ScandinaviaDied932

NormandyBurialRouen Cathedral

Rollo (c. 870 – c. 932), baptised Robert and so sometimes numbered Robert I to distinguish him from his descendants, was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. The name "Rollo" is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrólfr, modern Scandinavian name Rolf (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum).

_________

From earlier research another researcher has stated:

He married twice. He married Poppa de Valois Duchess of Normany 886-891. He married Gisele, Duchess of Normandy France, 912. Rollo Ganger-Hrolf was conqueror of Normandy from whom are descended the Earls of Rouen, the Dukes of Normandy, and the Kings of England. Rollo was one of the most famous Vikings of his age and had learned well the battle tactics taught by his father Rognvald The Wolf.

On account of Rollo's great stature, he was known as "Ganger Hrolf" or "Walking Rollo". His Danish name was Hrolfr or Rolf in various spellings.

The Normans were Scandinavian invaders who settled Normandy from about 820. Raids by these Northmen or Norsemen up the Seine River began before the middle of the ninth century. They gradually established themselves at the mouths of the Seine and other rivers in northern France. In 911 the Frankish king, Charles the Simple, granted Rollo and his band of Northmen the district about Rouen, to which additional territory was added a few years later. Scandinavian immigrants arrived in great numbers to colonize the land, and the area became known as Normandy. In 912 Rollo, became the first Duke of Normandy.

As was the custom at the time, men could have more than one wife. Rollo had a pagan wife, Poppa and two children. Even so, a priest married him to the daughter of the French King Charles The Simple (Gisela de France) in a christian ceremony. There were no children of this marriage. In 918, Rollo married his wife Poppa in a Christian ceremony and thus legitimised his son Guilliamme and daughter Gerloc (baptised Adele). Poppa and Rollo had to send Guilliame to be raised by clerics to guarantee his right to succede his father as Duke of Normandy. Guilliame was later known as William Longsword.

Rollo is buried in a tomb in Notre Dame Cathedral at Rouen, France.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo
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Rollo (c. 846 – c. 931), baptised Robert and so sometimes numbered Robert I to distinguish him from his descendants, was a Norse nobleman of Norwegian or Danish descent and founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. His descendants were the Dukes of Normandy, and by later extension, the King of England.
The name "Rollo" is a Latin translation from the Old Norse name Hrólfr, modern Scandinavian name Rolf (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum), but Norman people called him by his popular name Rou(f) (see Wace's Roman de Rou). Sometimes his name is turned into the Frankish name Rodolf(us) or Radulf(us) or the French Raoul, that are derived from it.
Rollo was a powerful Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of Saint-Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum, tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who had two sons, Gurim and Rollo; upon his death, Rollo was expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum, but states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.
Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified Rollo instead with Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker), a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas. The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname "the Walker", "Ganger" in Norse, came from being so big that no horse could carry him.
In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.
Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.
In 911 Rollo's forces launched a failed attack on Paris before laying siege to Chartres. The appeals for help of the Bishop of Chartres, Joseaume, were answered by Robert, Marquis of Neustria, Richard, Duke of Burgundy and Manasses, Count of Dijon. On 20 July 911, at the Battle of Chartres, they defeated Rollo despite the absence of many French barons and also the absence of the French King Charles the Simple.
The Principality of Normandy:
In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert. In return, King Charles granted Rollo land between the Epte and the sea as well as Brittany and according to Dudo of St. Quentin, the hand of the King's daughter, Gisela, although this marriage and Gisela herself are unknown to Frankish sources. He was also the titular ruler of Normandy, centered around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne.
According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing the king to fall to the ground.
After 911, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, however he also continued to act like a Viking chief with attacks on Flanders.
After Charles was deposed by Robert I, Rollo considered his oath to the King of France to be over. It started a period of expansion westwards. Negotiations with French barons ended with Rollo being given Le Mans and Bayeux and continued with the seizure of Bessin in 924. The following year saw the Normans attack Picardy.
Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. Eventually[when?] Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Normans.
Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his prior religious roots surfaced at the end.
Rollo is the great-great-great-grandfather of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is an ancestor of the present-day British royal family, as well as an ancestor of all current European monarchs and a great many pretenders to abolished European thrones.
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Conqueror of Normandy

http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gange-Rolv
--------------------
"Gangerolf", "Rollón", "Robert I", "Gǫnguhrólfr", "the Dane", "Rolf the Walker", "the Ganger", "le danois", "Hrólfr", "Rollo the Viking", "Rollo", "Duke of Normandy", "the Viking", "Robert", "Rolf", "The Ganger", "Rolf or Rollo /Ragnvaldsson/", "The Viking", "Rolf Ganger (the Walker)", "......"
Notre Dame, Rouen, Nornandie, Neustria

Ragnvald Mørejarl sannsynlig far. Noen kilder avviker. Fra 911 Hertug av Neustria, senere kalt Normandie.
Gange-Rolv har historisk betydning fremfor alt fordi han er blitt identifisert med Rollo, den første hertugen i Normandie. 911
sluttet den franske kongen, Karl den enfoldige, og vikinghøvdingen Rollo en avtale som gikk ut på at Rollo og hans menn skulle
få slå seg ned i området rundt utløpet av Seinen mot å verge landet mot andre vikinger.
Om Gange-Rolv som norsk høvding har vi ikke mange opplysninger. Han var sønn av Ragnvald Mørejarl og Hild, datter av en
ellers ukjent høvding, Rolv Nevja, som han ble oppkalt etter. Sagaene forklarer tilnavnet hans med at han var så stor at han
ikke kunne sitte på en hest (norrønt Gangu-Hrólfr, 'Rolv som går'). Ellers sies det at han lå mye ute i viking, og at Harald
Hårfagre til slutt gjorde ham fredløs etter at han også hadde herjet i Norge. Hans mor skal ha klaget over dette i en
skaldestrofe som er bevart.
Norsk-islandsk historieskrivning var i middelalderen enig om at Gange-Rolv og Rollo var samme person. Det eldste skriftlige
belegget finnes i den latinske Historia Norvegiæ (ca. 1180), som ble forfattet i Norge. Snorre forteller i sine kongesagaer at
Gange-Rolv erobret Normandie etter først å ha herjet i området Hebridene - Irskesjøen - Frankrike, og at mange nordmenn
bosatte seg i Normandie sammen med ham.
På slutten av 1800-tallet oppstod det en livlig debatt om hvem Rollo var. Diskusjonen, som delvis fulgte nasjonale skillelinjer
(med danske og norske historikere på hver sin side), fikk særlig aktualitet i tiden frem mot Normandies store tusenårsfeiring
1911. Et viktig punkt i debatten ved siden av Rollos identitet var hvordan man burde forstå begreper som "nordmenn" og
"daner" i de middelalderlige kildene, og også hvor "dansk" eller "norsk" bosetningen i Normandie hadde vært.
Den danske historikeren Johannes Steenstrup startet debatten. Hans hovedargument var klare utsagn hos den franske
historieskriveren Dudo av St. Quentin om at Rollo var dansk. Siden Dudo skrev sitt verk om de normanniske hertugene rundt
1020, syntes han å stå begivenhetene nærmere enn sagaskriverne, slik at hans versjon måtte foretrekkes. Samtidig betonte
Steenstrup, med argumenter som foregrep den senere sagakritikken, hvor lite man egentlig kunne bygge på de norrøne
sagaene.
side 220Norske historikere - fremst blant dem Gustav Storm, Alexander Bugge og Ebbe Hertzberg - trakk derimot Dudos kildeverdi i
tvil, og pekte på hvor fullstendig upålitelig hans fremstilling ellers er i det han skriver om Rollo og Danmark, med historiske og
geografiske opplysninger som overhodet ikke stemmer. De la også vekt på at Rollo skulle ha hatt en datter, Gerloc (Geirlaug),
hvis navn snarest tydet på en norsk forbindelse, og at det også på fransk grunn, i yngre skrifter enn Dudos, finnes en tradisjon
om at Rollo var norsk.
Spørsmålet om hvem Rollo var, vil aldri kunne bli definitivt besvart. Men blant så vel norske som franske og britiske historikere
er det nå vanlig å mene at bedømt ut fra kildene - og i valget mellom de to foreliggende mulighetene - er det tross alt mest
som taler for en norsk opprinnelse.
Svært lite er overlevert om Rollos regjering i Normandie. Kildene kan berette at han lot seg døpe 912, og han døde
sannsynligvis en gang mellom 928 og 932. Rollos etterkommere satt som hertuger i Normandie frem til 1202, og hans
sønnesønns sønnesønns sønn Guillaume (død 1087) ble konge i England 1066 (Vilhelm Erobreren).
25. september 1911 ble det i byparken i Ålesund under en stor folkefest avduket en statue av Rollo/Gange-Rolv. Statuen var en
gave til byen fra Rouen i Normandie. Den er en bronsekopi av en originalstatue i marmor fra 1863, som står utenfor katedralen
i Rouen.
Kilde: Store Norske leksikon (http://snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Rollo_Gange-Rolv_Ragnvaldsson/utdypning)
--------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo

Rollo was a powerful Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of Saint-Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum,[3] tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who had two sons, Gurim and Rollo; upon his death, Rollo was expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum, but states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.

Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified Rollo instead with Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker), a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas. The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname "the Walker", "Ganger" in Norse, came from being so big that no horse could carry him.

The question of Rollo's origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's millennium anniversary in 1911. Today, the debate continues
In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.[a]

Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy. In 911 the Vikings under Rollo again launched an attack on Paris before laying siege to Chartres. The Bishop of Chartres, Joseaume, made an appeal for help which was answered by Robert, Marquis of Neustria, Richard, Duke of Burgundy and Manasses, Count of Dijon. On 20 July 911, at the Battle of Chartres, Frankish forces defeated Rollo despite the absence of many French barons and also the absence of the French King Charles the Simple.

== Links ==
* [http://www.medievalhistories.com/viking-chieftain-in-normandy-rollo-danish/ An article about a paper by Damien John Hall, describing how there's a relationship between Norman place names and linguistic oddities in current Danish.]
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http://www.friesian.com/flanders.htm#norman

http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00020055&tree=LEO

Duke of Normandy was the title given to the rulers of the Duchy of Normandy in northwestern France, which has its origins as the County of Rouen, a fief created in 911 by King Charles III "the Simple" of France for Rollo, a Norwegian nobleman and Viking leader of Northmen.

Gangu-Hrólfr Ragnvaldsson, or Rollo de Normandie was a Norse nobleman and the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. The name "Rollo" is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrólfr, modern Scandinavian name Rolf (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum).

Parents: Ragnvald Eysteinsson Mørejarl & Hild Nefja (uncertain, see below)
Spouses:
1. Poppa de Bayeux
Children:
Vilhjalm Langaspjót (Guillaume Longue Épée)
Geirlaug (Gerloc) who later took the name Adela
2. Gisela de France (betrothal, no children)

According to Landnáma (The book of Settlers in Iceland, written in the 12th century), Rollo had a daughter named Kaðlín (Kathlin or Cathlin) her mother is not named (Notes by Anna Petursdottir):

Kaðlin (Kathlin)

Kaðlín is mentioned along with her father Rollo in chapter 33 in Landnámabók (The Book of Settlers) and her father, Rollo, and his brothers, also their father, Ragnvald are mentioned in chapert 82 : https://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm
BIG NEWS

French and Norwegian scientists within several

Gånge-Rolf fick namnet Robert 912 när han döptes men han lär ha dött som hedning

Ble kaldt "Rollo av Normandi".
Han er ifølge norsk tradisjon (opptegnet i de islandske sagaer) den Rollo som i 911 grunnla hertugdømmet Normandie i Frankrike og ble stamfar til den kjente normanniske hertugslekt. Om dette har det til dels hersket uenighet blandt historikerne. (Ref. Achehoug konv. leksikon)

_P_CCINFO 2-2438

The origin of Rollo is controversial. There are several medieval sourceswhich claim to give information about the origin of Rollo, the mostwidely repeated of which would make him a son of Rognvaldr, jarl of Møreby Ragnhildr or Hildr. As can be seen from the following brief notices,the various primary sources offer very contradictory information aboutRollo. Later sources identify this Hrolf with Rollo of Normandie, anextremely doubtful identification. It is unlikely that there was anyclose relationship between the early dukes of Normandie and the OrkneyJarls, and Rollo's parentage is unknown.

Or: HROLFR the GANGER (walker), GANGE-ROLV, ROLF, ROLLO OF Normandie; andlater in life, ROBERT; also HRO'LFR

"The central fact of Norman history ... is ... the grant of Normandie andhis
northern followers in the year 911. ... For the actual occurences of that
year, we have only the account of a romancing historian of a hundred years
later, reenforced here and there by the exceedingly scanty records of the
time. The main fact is clear, namely that the Frankish king, Charles the
Simple, granted Rollo as a fief a considerable part, the eastern part, of
later Normandie. Apparently Rollo did homage for his fied in feudalfashion
by placing his hands between the hands of the king, something, we aretold,
which "neither his father, nor his grandfather, nor his great-grandfather
before him had ever done for any man." Legend goes on to relate, however,
that Rollo refused to kneel and kiss the king's foot, crying out in hisown
speech, "No, by God!" and that the companion to whom he delegated the
unwelcome obligation performed it so clumsily that he overturned the king,
to the great merriment of the assembled Northmen. ... As to Rollo's
personality, we have only the evidence of later Norman historians of
doubtful authority and the Norse saga of HArold Fairhair. If, as seems
likely, their accounts relate to the same person, he was known in thenorth
as Hrolf the Ganger, because he was so huge that no horse could carry him
and he must needs gang afoot. A pirate at home, he was driven into exileby
the anger of King Harold, whereupon he followed his trade in the Western
Isles and in Gaul, and rose to be a great Jarl among his people. The saga
makes him a Norwegian, but Danish scholars have sought to prove him aDane,
and more recently the cudgels have been taken up for his Swedish origin.To
me the NOrwegian theory seems on the whole the most probable, being basedon
a trustworthy saga and corroborated by other incidental evidence. ... The
important fact is that Norway, Denmark, and even more distant Sweden, all
contributed to the colonists who settled in Normandie under Rollo and his
successors, and the achievements of the Normans thus become the common
heritage of the Scandinavian race. (P) The colonization of Normandie was,of
course, only a small part of the work of this heroic age of Scandinavian
expansion. The great emigration from the North in the ninth and tenth
centuries has been explained in part by the growth of centralizedgovernment
and the consequent departure of the independent, the turbulent, and the
untamed for new fields of adventure; but its chief cause was doubtlessthat
which lies back of colonizing movements in all ages, the growth of
population and the need of more room. Five centuries earlier this
land-hunger had pushed the Germanic tribes across the Rhine and Danube and
produced the great wandering of the peoples which destroyed the Roman
empire; and the Viking raids were simply a later aspect of this same
*Vo"lkerwanderung*, retarded by the outlying position of the Scandinavian
lands and by the greater difficulty of migration by sea. For, unlike the
Goths who swept across the map of Europe in vast curves of marching men,or
the Franks who moved forward by slow stages of gradual settlement in their
occupation of Roman Gaul, the Scandinavian invaders were men of the seaand
migrated in ships."
--- Charles Homer Haskins, *The Normans in European History*, Boston &
NY, 1915, p 26-30 passim. From p 48 & 50: "At this point the fundamental
question forces itself upon us, how far was Normandie affected by
Scandinavian influences? What in race and language, in law and custom, was
the contribution of the north to Normandie? And the answer must be that in
most respects the tangible contribution was slight. Whatever may have been
the state of affairs in the age of colonization and settlement, by the
century which followed the Normans had become to a surprising degree
absorbed by their environment. ..... What, then, was the Scandinavian
contribution to the making of Normandie if it was neither law nor speechnor
race? First and foremost, it was Normandie itself, created as a distinct
entity by the Norman occupation and the grant to Rollo and his followers,
without whom it would have remained an undifferentiated part of northern
France. Next, a new element in the population, numerically small in
proportion to the ass, but a leaven to the whole --- quick to absorb
Frankish law and Christian culture but retaining its northern qualities of
enterprise, of daring, and of leadership. It is no accident that the names
of the leaders in early Norman movements are largely Norse. And finally a
race of princes, high-handed and masteful but with a talent for political
organization, state-builders at home and abroad, who made Normandie the
strongest and most centralized principality in France and joined to it a
kingdom beyond the seas which became the strongest state in westernEurope."

"GANGER ROLF, "the Viking" (or ROLLO), banished from Norway to theHebrides
ca. 876, 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, where Count Berenger
of Bayeux was killed, and dau. Poppa captured and taken, 886, by Rollo(now
called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Claire,
911, rec'd the Duchy of Normandie from CHARLES III, "the Simple"; d. ca.927
(Isenburg says 931), bur. Notre Dame, Rouen. ... Note: Isenburg inserts a
Robert between Rollo and William I, and makes Robert the conqueror of
Bayeux, husb. of Poppa, and 1st Duke. Chronology favors the descent given
by Moriarty and Onslow. It seems probable that Robert was another name for
Rollo. If there really was a Robert as 1st Duke, then [ROBERT I] would be
ROBERT II, which is not the case. For additional data on William II of
Normandie and I of England the reader may consult David C. Douglas,*William
the Conqueror* (1964). Besides a dau. Gerloc (or Adela) who m. 935 WILLIAM
I ... Count of Poitou, Ganger Rolf had [WILLIAM I, "Longsword"]."
--- Weis & Sheppard, *Ancestral Roots ... *, 7th Edition, 1992, p 110

"Rollo (Rollon, Ranger Rolf [sic, instead of Ganger], 1st Duc deNormandie,
Count of Rouen; conquered Normandie; b. c870, Maer, Norway, d. 927-932; md
(2) 891 Poppa de Bayeux, Duchess of Norway; b. c872, Bayeux, France; dau
Berenger de Bayeux, Count of Bayeux; d. bef. 930; and N.N. of Rennes."
--- Roderick W Stuart, *Royalty for Commoners*, 2nd edn, 1992, p 123-124

The definitive establishment of the Normans, to whom the country owes
its name, took place in 911, when by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte,
concluded between King Charles the Simple of France and Rolf or Rollo,chief
of the Normans, the territory comprising the town of Rouen and a few'pagi'
situated on the sea-coast was ceded to the latter; but the terms of the
treaty are ill-defined, and it is consequently almost impossible to findout
the exact extent of this territory or to know whether Brittany was at this
time made a feudal dependency of Normandie. But the chronicler Dudo of
Saint-Quentin's statement that Rollo married Gisela, daughter of Charlesthe
Simple, must be considered to be legendary work of Dudo of Saint-Quentin
[who?] is practically our only authority.
Rollo died in 927 and was succeeded by his son William ...
--- (Source ???)

"Charles [the Simple], the son-in-law of eEward, constrained thereto by
Rollo, through a succession of calamities, conceded to him that part ofGaul
which at present is called Normandie. It would be tedious to relate forhow
many years, and with what audacity, the Normans disquieted every placefrom
the British ocean, as I have said, to the Tuscan sea. First Hasten, and
then Rollo; who, born of noble lineage among the Norwegians, thoughobsolete
from its extreme antiquity, was banished, by the king's command, from his
own country, and brought over with multitudes, who were in danger, either
from debt or consciousness of guilt, and whom he had allured by great
expectations of advantage. Betaking himself therefore to piracy, after his
cruelty had raged on every side at pleasure, he experienced a check at
Chartres. For the townspeople, relying neither on arms nor fortifications,
piously impoored the assistance of the blessed Virgin Mary. The shift too
of the virgin, which Charles the Bald displayed to the winds on the
samparts, thronged by the garrison, after the fashion of a banner. The
enemy on seeing it began to laught, and to direct their arrows at it.This,
however, was not done with impunity; for presently their eyes became dim,
and they could neither retreat nor advance. The townsmen, with joy
perceiving this, indulged themselves in a plentiful slaughter of them, as
far as fortune permitted. Rollo, however, whom God reserved for the true
faith, escaped, and soon after gained Rouen and the neighboring cities by
force of arms, in the year of our Lord 876, and one year before the deathof
Charles the Bald, whose grandson Lewis, as is before mentioned, vanquished
the Normans, but did not expel them; but Charles, the brother of thatLewis,
grandson of Charles the Bald, by his son Lewis, as I have said aboce,
repeatedly experiencing, from unsuccessful conflicts, that fortune gavehim
nothing which she took from others, resolved, after consulting hisnobility,
that it was advisable to make a show of royal munificence, when he was
unable to repel injury; and, in a friendly manner, sent for Rollo. He was
at this time far advanced in years; and, consequently, easily inclined to
pacific measures. It was therefore determined by treaty, that he should be
baptized, and hold that country of the king as his lord. The inbred and
untameable ferocity of the man may well be imagined, for, on receivingthis
gift, as the by standers suggested to him, that he ought to kiss the footof
his benefactor, disdaining to kneel down, he seized the king's foot and
dragged it to his mouth as he stood erect. The king falling on his back,
the Normans began to laugh, and the Franks to be indignant; but Rollo
apologized for his shameful conduct, by saying that it was the custom ofhis
country. Thus the affair being settled, Rollo returned to Rouen, and there
died."
--- William of Malmesbury, *Chronicle of the Kings of England*, c 1135,
tr John Allen Giles, London (Henry G Bohn) 1847, p 125-126

"It is not known when Rollo arrived in the Viking kingdom [in Normandie].
Dudo says that he took Rouen in 877, but most historians are agreed that
Rollo probably did not appear in Francia until the early tenth century.The
possibility exists however, that Dudo is preserving a belief that Vikings
had been established in the Rouen area from about this time. Rollo is
thought to have been Norwegian rather than Danish, and later Icelandic
sources identify him with Hrolf the Ganger (walker), son of Ragnvald earlof
Moer, who had a career as a Viking before settling in Francia. He marrieda
Christian woman and his son William, according to the Lament of William
Longsword, was born overseas. (P) Nothing more in known about the 'Treaty
of St. Clair-sur-Epte' concluded in a personal interview between Charlesthe
Simple and Rollo than Dudo tells us, and he has been accused of inventing
the meeting. That a cession of territory in the Seine, extending as far
west as the mouth of the Seine on the coast and near the source of theEure
inland is affirmed by a charter of Charles the Simple dated 14 March 918.
..... Flodoard adds the information that Rollo received baptism and the
Frankish name Robert with the cession of this territory. (P) Rollo seemsto
have been made a count in 911, with the traditional duties assigned to a
Carolingian count, namely, protection and the administration of justice.He
was certainly subordinate to the Frankish king. With the proliferation of
titles accorded the leader of the Normandie Vikings in later sources, some
historians hace suggested that Rollo was made a duke, but Werner hasargued
that there was no Norman *marchio* before 950-6, and no duke before
987-1006, that is, after Hugh Capet had gained the throne of France. .....
(P) Rollo appears to have received his territory on similar terms as the
Bretons had received the Cotentin, except that the bishoprics were also
ceded. ..... In exchange, Rollo was to defend the Seine from otherVikings,
accept baptism and become the *fidelis* of the Frankish king. That there
were other groups of Vikings in the region, particularly in the westernpart
of Normandie, is clear. The west stayed pagan longer; it was a century
before a bishop was appointed to the Cotnetin. ..... (P) The arrangement
made in 911 proved successful ..... The area of Normandie by 933corresponded
to the area of the archdiocese of Rouen, with the seven *civitates* of
Rouen, Bayeux, Avranches, Evreux, See's, Lisieux and Coutances. The
fortunes of the bishops of Rouen and of the (principes* of Normandie werein
fact closely associated from the very beginning."
--- Rosamond McKitterick, *The Frankish Kingdom under the Carolingians,
751-987*, London & NY (Longman) 1983, p 237-238

"A.D. 917. ..... Rollo, first Duc de Normandie, died, and was succeededby his son William."
--- Florence of Worcester (died c 1117), *A History of the Kings ofEngland* (OR: *The Chronicle of Florence of Worcester*), trans JosephStephenson, 1853 (reprinted by Llanerch Enterprises, Felinfach, Lampeter,Dyfed, Wales SA48 8PJ, 1980s (?)), p 76

Rollo, also called ROLF, or ROU, French ROLLON (b. c. 860--d. c. 932),Scandinavian rover who founded the duchy of Normandie.
Making himself independent of King Harald I of Norway, Rollo sailed offto raid Scotland, England, Flanders, and France on pirating expeditionsand, about 911, established himself in an area along the Seine River.Charles III the Simple of France held off his siege of Paris, battled himnear Chartres, and negotiated the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, givinghim the part of Neustria that came to be called Normandie; Rollo inreturn agreed to end his brigandage. He gave his son, William ILongsword, governance of the dukedom (927) before his death. Rollo wasbaptized in 912 but is said to have died a pagan. [EncyclopaediaBritannica CD, 1997, ROLLO]Supposed father: Rognvaldr, jarl of Møre.

Supposed mother: Ragnhildr or Hildr.

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GIVN Rollo Hrolf The
SURN Viking
NSFX Rudejarl*
AFN 9GDD-2H
EVEN The "old pirate"
TYPE AKA
EVEN Dukes of Normandy & Kings of England
TYPE Ancestor of
EVEN Rouen as capital of Normandy
TYPE Established
DATE AFT 911
PLAC Verberie sur Oise,France
EVEN as vassal of Charles the Simple
TYPE Acknowledged
DATE 911
BAPM
DATE ABT 911
PLAC Normandy
EVEN
TYPE Acceded
DATE 911
DATE 27 AUG 2000
TIME 22:55:22

GIVN Rollo Hrolf The
SURN VIKING
NSFX Rudejarl*
ABBR Rollo or Gang-Rolv of Norway son ofRagnvald M0reJa
TITL Rollo or Gang-Rolv of Norway son ofRagnvald M0reJarl: "Fagrskinna"Saga.
142-143.
BAPM
DATE ABT 911
PLAC Normandy
EVEN The "old pirate"
TYPE AKA
ABBR SOURCE #333
TITL Great Britain to 1688 a Modern History. 1961
AUTH Maurice Ashley
PUBL the University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
PAGE Ashley Vol. 1 page 61.
EVEN Count of Rouen
TYPE AKA
EVEN Dukes of Normandy & Kings of England
TYPE Ancestor of
ABBR SOURCE #367
TITL The Highland Clans of Scotland from the Conjectural Tree(frontspiece)
AUTH Sir Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Albany Herald
PUBL Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. Publishers of New York 1982 Revised Edition.
EVEN as vassal of Charles the Simple
TYPE Acknowledged
DATE 911
ABBR SOURCE #333
TITL Great Britain to 1688 a Modern History. 1961
AUTH Maurice Ashley
PUBL the University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
PAGE Ashley Vol. 1 page 61.
EVEN Rouen as capital of Normandy
TYPE Established
DATE AFT 911
PLAC France

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NSFX "the Viking"
TYPE Book
AUTH Å or c:Weis, Frederick Lewis
PERI Ancestral Roots
EDTN 7th
PUBL Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD (1999)
TEXT 121E-18; 144A-19
ACED
DATE 0911When Charles III the Simple King of France gave Ragnvaldsson Rollo, aka Rolf
the Pirate Normandy, and made him Robert I Duke of Normandy to prevent him
from attacking nearer to Paris, he threw his daughter Giesela into the deal.
TYPE E-Mail Message
AUTH McCreight, William ((XXXXX@XXXX.XXX))
TITL Children of Ragnvaldsson Rollo (Robert I Duke of Normandy) and Giesela
DATE 2 Jun 1999
LOCA (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)/PowerMac 6500>Applications>Reunion>Documents-source
DATE 24 APR 2000

EVEN
TYPE Title (Facts Pg)
PLAC Duc de Normandie - 'Gonge Rolf' (The Ganger)Norwegian Viking settled at mouth of Seine. After fighting many battles, made an agreement with King Charles the Simple - received land in Normandie
and 911 became 1st Duc de Normandie and vassel of King.

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy

GIVN Rollo Duke of
SURN NORMANDY
DATE 15 Dec 2000
HIST: @N642@

GIVN Rollo, the Granger, of
SURN NORMANDY
NSFX Count of Rouen & 1st Duke Normandy
ABBR Compuserve
TITL Any information taken from Compuserve.
AUTH Various authors
PAGE From a message sent by T.E. Graves
EVEN Recieved title of 1st Duke of Normandy
TYPE Misc
DATE 912
ABBR History Of England
TITL History textbook
AUTH Katharine Coman & Elizabeth Kimball Kendall
PUBL The Macmillian Co, 1905
PAGE pp 59
QUAY 2

EVEN
TYPE Title (Facts Page)
PLAC 1st Duke, leader Norman PiratesRollo devatated Holland and appeared upon the Seine while Gottfried ravaged the valleys of to Meuse and Saheldt. They burned and sacked Keulen, Bonn, Treves, Metz
and other cities, sabling their horses at Aix-La- Chapelle, in the Cathedral Chich of Charlemagne. A furore Normaunorum Libre nos Domine, came to be part of the Catholic litany.
Hastings, at the head of a band of Nothmen, sacked Bordeaux, Lisbon and Seville,; defeated the Moorish conquerors of Spain at Cordova; crossed the staits in Morocco; repassed them; overan Tuscany;
returned to France,where other chieftains had had various success against Chales the Bald, and embrasedChristianity.
His name, the most dreaded of all the Vikings, was adopted by many successors. With safe winter quarters in Spain, they extended their ravages into Naples, Sicily and the coasts of the Greek Empire.
Anarchy, meanwhile, prevailing in France, in the autumn of 885 they laid siege to Paris. After a year of the siege was into [??] blockade, but at last Charles the Fat, bought off the Northmen with
700 pounds of silver and a free passage to the Upper Seine and Burgandy. The most redoubtable of the Northmen afterward was Hrolf, better known as Rollo, chiefain, of Norwegian parentage, first Duke
of Normandy, and direct ancestor, in the sixth generation, of WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. In the words of Snorro Sturleson: "He was so mighty of a stature that there was no horse of strength and size to
bear him. He was therefore always on foot, and was called the Marcher." He ravaged Friesland and the countries watered by Schieldt, and took Rouen, St Le Bayeux and Evreux. From Charles the Simple
he accepted the hand of a daughter, together with a tract of Nuestrian territory north of the Seine, from Andalye to the sea [modern Normandy] , in exchange for Christian baptism and an oath of
fealty [912]. Thus arrested the Scandavain flood which had devestaded France for more than a century. Rollo distributed among his followers the lands of Nuestria, to be held as the Duke of Normandy.
Thus were laid the foundations for the feudal system which William the Conqueror transplanted into England [1066-1087]. Few external traces of the Scandinavians are to be found in modern Normandy.
Yet for a time the Scandinavian gods divided with the Saviour the religious reverence of the people of that country. Monasteries and cathedrals were built, however, with what magnificence their
splendor remains attest. The Normans adopted the language of the vanquished province, but greatly modified it. It was the langue d'oni [the language d'oc being south of the Loire], which became
under Norman inspiration the peculiar medium of romantic poetry.
From : The Pedigree and History of the Washington Family, by Albert Welles

EVEN
TYPE Acceded
DATE 911See Europsch Stammtafeln Bund II tafel 36

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy,876.
SOUR GWALTNEY.ANC (Compuserve) says 847; www.gendex.com says ABT 846; Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123 says c870; members.aol.com/sargen3 says
ABT 854, Maer; misc.traveller.com/genealogy/gedhtml/kmilburn say 845;
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, p. 25, 30;COMYN4.TAF,p6;ROYAL.THD say 932;
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 933,NORM.TAF (Compuserve) (says 933);
GWALTNEY.ANC 508044998 says d. 931;Royalty for Commoners p. 123 says 927-932
SOUR www.gendex.com
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve)
PAGE 409
Founder of the royal House of Normandy and England, 1st Duke of Normandy, 912
Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 25; Hralfr Gongen Rollo -
COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 6; Gonge Rolf (Marching Rolf) "Rollo the
Dane", 1st Duke of Normandy - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); Established the duchy
of Normandy, a Viking - The Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 7
ROLLO THE DANE, son of ROGNVALD THE RICH and RAGNHILD NEFIA, settled in Normandy and traced his descent through eleven generation from a king called Fornjot who ruled in Finland. His alleged
ancestors-or most of them- are mythical creatures, but the
tale of their exploits is, quite clearly, a fabulous recital of the discovery and exploration of Norway; and from such an ancestry an appetite for discovery, a zest for exploration, certainly
survived to animate the viking age - The Conquest of
England, Eric
Linklater, p. 12
Younger son, was a great viking. He grew so tall that no horse could carry him-but probably the Norwegian horses were no bigger than an Iceland pony to-day-and because he had to go upon his own feet
he was known as Marching Rolf [Gongu-hrolfr]. He
offended king Harald Fairhair by harrying and
committing what was called a 'strand-slaying' in the great gulf of south Oslo, and was outlawed. He followed a customary viking path to the Hebrides, and remained their long enough to beget a
daughter who later married a Scots kinglet. Rolf may have
adventured in Ireland, England and the valley of the Loire, but Icelandic annals say firmly that he won his place in Normandy in 898; and if that is true he must have spent thirteen years in
establishing the power that Charles the Simple confirmed in
911. He served a lively apprenticeship to war, and a distinguished father must, in the beginning, have helped him to enlist followers whom his own success in arms would later multiply. - The
Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 24
Count of Rouen - WIVES.TXT (Compuserve)
Rollo (Rollon, Ranger Rolf), Count of Rouen; conquered Normandy; Popa was his 2nd wife - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123-124
Rolf became known as Robert or Rollo in Normandy. I have shown them as father and son but this is really a way of showing how his attribution changed. AKA Rolf Wend-a-foot Acceded 911 -
http://gendex.com/users/daver/rigney/D0001/G0000001.html#I1257

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy,876.
SOUR GWALTNEY.ANC (Compuserve) says 847; www.gendex.com says ABT 846; Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123 says c870; members.aol.com/sargen3 says
ABT 854, Maer; misc.traveller.com/genealogy/gedhtml/kmilburn say 845;
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, p. 25, 30;COMYN4.TAF,p6;ROYAL.THD say 932;
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 933,NORM.TAF (Compuserve) (says 933);
GWALTNEY.ANC 508044998 says d. 931;Royalty for Commoners p. 123 says 927-932
SOUR www.gendex.com
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve)
PAGE 409
Founder of the royal House of Normandy and England, 1st Duke of Normandy, 912
Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 25; Hralfr Gongen Rollo -
COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 6; Gonge Rolf (Marching Rolf) "Rollo the
Dane", 1st Duke of Normandy - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); Established the duchy
of Normandy, a Viking - The Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 7
ROLLO THE DANE, son of ROGNVALD THE RICH and RAGNHILD NEFIA, settled in Normandy and traced his descent through eleven generation from a king called Fornjot who ruled in Finland. His alleged
ancestors-or most of them- are mythical creatures, but the
tale of their exploits is, quite clearly, a fabulous recital of the discovery and exploration of Norway; and from such an ancestry an appetite for discovery, a zest for exploration, certainly
survived to animate the viking age - The Conquest of
England, Eric
Linklater, p. 12
Younger son, was a great viking. He grew so tall that no horse could carry him-but probably the Norwegian horses were no bigger than an Iceland pony to-day-and because he had to go upon his own feet
he was known as Marching Rolf [Gongu-hrolfr]. He
offended king Harald Fairhair by harrying and
committing what was called a 'strand-slaying' in the great gulf of south Oslo, and was outlawed. He followed a customary viking path to the Hebrides, and remained their long enough to beget a
daughter who later married a Scots kinglet. Rolf may have
adventured in Ireland, England and the valley of the Loire, but Icelandic annals say firmly that he won his place in Normandy in 898; and if that is true he must have spent thirteen years in
establishing the power that Charles the Simple confirmed in
911. He served a lively apprenticeship to war, and a distinguished father must, in the beginning, have helped him to enlist followers whom his own success in arms would later multiply. - The
Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 24
Count of Rouen - WIVES.TXT (Compuserve)
Rollo (Rollon, Ranger Rolf), Count of Rouen; conquered Normandy; Popa was his 2nd wife - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123-124
Rolf became known as Robert or Rollo in Normandy. I have shown them as father and son but this is really a way of showing how his attribution changed. AKA Rolf Wend-a-foot Acceded 911 -
http://gendex.com/users/daver/rigney/D0001/G0000001.html#I1257

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy,876.
SOUR GWALTNEY.ANC (Compuserve) says 847; www.gendex.com says ABT 846; Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123 says c870; members.aol.com/sargen3 says
ABT 854, Maer; misc.traveller.com/genealogy/gedhtml/kmilburn say 845;
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, p. 25, 30;COMYN4.TAF,p6;ROYAL.THD say 932;
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 933,NORM.TAF (Compuserve) (says 933);
GWALTNEY.ANC 508044998 says d. 931;Royalty for Commoners p. 123 says 927-932
SOUR www.gendex.com
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve)
PAGE 409
Founder of the royal House of Normandy and England, 1st Duke of Normandy, 912
Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 25; Hralfr Gongen Rollo -
COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 6; Gonge Rolf (Marching Rolf) "Rollo the
Dane", 1st Duke of Normandy - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); Established the duchy
of Normandy, a Viking - The Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 7
ROLLO THE DANE, son of ROGNVALD THE RICH and RAGNHILD NEFIA, settled in Normandy and traced his descent through eleven generation from a king called Fornjot who ruled in Finland. His alleged
ancestors-or most of them- are mythical creatures, but the
tale of their exploits is, quite clearly, a fabulous recital of the discovery and exploration of Norway; and from such an ancestry an appetite for discovery, a zest for exploration, certainly
survived to animate the viking age - The Conquest of
England, Eric
Linklater, p. 12
Younger son, was a great viking. He grew so tall that no horse could carry him-but probably the Norwegian horses were no bigger than an Iceland pony to-day-and because he had to go upon his own feet
he was known as Marching Rolf [Gongu-hrolfr]. He
offended king Harald Fairhair by harrying and
committing what was called a 'strand-slaying' in the great gulf of south Oslo, and was outlawed. He followed a customary viking path to the Hebrides, and remained their long enough to beget a
daughter who later married a Scots kinglet. Rolf may have
adventured in Ireland, England and the valley of the Loire, but Icelandic annals say firmly that he won his place in Normandy in 898; and if that is true he must have spent thirteen years in
establishing the power that Charles the Simple confirmed in
911. He served a lively apprenticeship to war, and a distinguished father must, in the beginning, have helped him to enlist followers whom his own success in arms would later multiply. - The
Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 24
Count of Rouen - WIVES.TXT (Compuserve)
Rollo (Rollon, Ranger Rolf), Count of Rouen; conquered Normandy; Popa was his 2nd wife - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123-124
Rolf became known as Robert or Rollo in Normandy. I have shown them as father and son but this is really a way of showing how his attribution changed. AKA Rolf Wend-a-foot Acceded 911 -
http://gendex.com/users/daver/rigney/D0001/G0000001.html#I1257

Conqueror of Normandy. He received it as a grant from the Emperor Charles
III between 911 and 918. That area of France was then known as Neustria.
Also known as Rollo the Dane. Known as Duke Robert I from the name he
received in baptism as a Christian. Founder of the Ducal House of
Normandy.

Conqueror of Normandy. He received it as a grant from the Emperor Charles
III between 911 and 918. That area of France was then known as Neustria.
Also known as Rollo the Dane. Known as Duke Robert I from the name he
received in baptism as a Christian. Founder of the Ducal House of
Normandy.

DATE 31 MAY 2000

I wish I was sure of every name in this file & that I didnt
need to know what you think :) hey, but always refining this,
So if you spot a place where Im just flat wrong please tell
me or someone I didnt go on out with, I do this file out of fun and wanting to know, but do not
respond to the 'know it alls' , that dont have manners.I dont
consider them Kin!
Thanks and Happy Hunting!

[269747.ftw]

REFN: 3837

Name Suffix: Duke 8*
REFN: 2432696416
Duke of Normandy

I wish I was sure of every name in this file & that I didnt
need to know what you think :) hey, but always refining this,
So if you spot a place where Im just flat wrong please tell
me or someone I didnt go on out with, I do this file out of fun and wanting to know, but do not
respond to the 'know it alls' , that dont have manners.I dont
consider them Kin!
Thanks and Happy Hunting!

[anc.regfilmer.FTW]

According to Stuart--Royalty for Commoners 1-3 & Weis Ancestral Roots 4-10

Rollo/Rolf was son of Rognvald, Earl of More, presumably of Norwegianancestry. He had a Viking career, raiding in Scotland, Ireland andFrance. He was defeated outside Chartres in 911 but his right to lands inthe Seine valley was later confirmed by the emperor and he was baptisedby the Archbishop of
Rouen.
Info from David C Douglas 'William the Conqueror [Methuen, 1969, p16].

Sources: A. Roots 121E, 243A; Kraentzler 1160, 1443, 1453; RC 162,166; Coe;
Guizot; The Normans and Their Myth (chart) by R.H.C. Davis; Pfafman; WEDStokes;
A History of the Vikings by Gwyn Jones; Ashley; Norr, p59.
He established the Northmen in France and was the first Duke ofNormandy.
Count of Rouen. Conquered Normandy. Also known as Hrolf (Gongu-Hrolfr),
Rollon, Ganger and Granger Rolf.
WED says the area near "Mora, Norway, was the domain of the jarl ofMore,
whose son Hrolf, with his followers...in 911 settled in the districtlater
known as Normandy."
Roots: Ganger Rolf, "the Viking (or Rollo), banished from Norway tothe
Hebrides ca. 876; 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, whereCount
Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his daughter Poppa taken, 886, byRollo (now
called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Clair,911,
received the Duchy of Normandy from Charles III, "the Simple."
Davis: Rollo, ruler of Normandy from 911-931. The dukes of Normandyfree
married with non-Scandinavians. "Rollo is said to have married thedaughter of
the Frankish king and to have had his son by the daughter of a Frankishcount.
That son, William, married the daughter of a Frankish count and had hisson,
Richard, by a Breton. None of the dukes' wives came from Scandinavia or
England, and by the first half of the 11th century their familyconnections
were typically French." An early historian, Dudo, said Rollo was Danish.
Ashley: Count Rolllo or Rolf the Viking., died 993?
Norr: Rollo or Rolf, 1st duke of Normandy 912-917-(927), born about856. He
was of the same Danish origin as the ancestors of the English which his
descendants conquered in 1066.

The vast majority of the information presented is obtained from online sources. While I believe it to be accurate, caution must be taken to always be careful of its validity.
Please do contact me if you find errors or have questions.

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GIVN Rollo Hrolf The
SURN Viking
NSFX Rudejarl*
AFN 9GDD-2H
EVEN The "old pirate"
TYPE AKA
EVEN Dukes of Normandy & Kings of England
TYPE Ancestor of
EVEN Rouen as capital of Normandy
TYPE Established
DATE AFT 911
PLAC Verberie sur Oise,France
EVEN as vassal of Charles the Simple
TYPE Acknowledged
DATE 911
BAPM
DATE ABT 911
PLAC Normandy
EVEN
TYPE Acceded
DATE 911
DATE 27 AUG 2000
TIME 22:55:22

GIVN Rollo Hrolf The
SURN VIKING
NSFX Rudejarl*
ABBR Rollo or Gang-Rolv of Norway son ofRagnvald M0reJa
TITL Rollo or Gang-Rolv of Norway son ofRagnvald M0reJarl: "Fagrskinna"Saga.
142-143.
BAPM
DATE ABT 911
PLAC Normandy
EVEN The "old pirate"
TYPE AKA
ABBR SOURCE #333
TITL Great Britain to 1688 a Modern History. 1961
AUTH Maurice Ashley
PUBL the University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
PAGE Ashley Vol. 1 page 61.
EVEN Count of Rouen
TYPE AKA
EVEN Dukes of Normandy & Kings of England
TYPE Ancestor of
ABBR SOURCE #367
TITL The Highland Clans of Scotland from the Conjectural Tree(frontspiece)
AUTH Sir Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Albany Herald
PUBL Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. Publishers of New York 1982 Revised Edition.
EVEN as vassal of Charles the Simple
TYPE Acknowledged
DATE 911
ABBR SOURCE #333
TITL Great Britain to 1688 a Modern History. 1961
AUTH Maurice Ashley
PUBL the University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
PAGE Ashley Vol. 1 page 61.
EVEN Rouen as capital of Normandy
TYPE Established
DATE AFT 911
PLAC France

TITL pennington.FTW
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TEXT Date of Import: Aug 19, 1997
TITL pennington.FTW
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TEXT Date of Import: Aug 19, 1997
TITL pennington.FTW
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NSFX "the Viking"
TYPE Book
AUTH Å or c:Weis, Frederick Lewis
PERI Ancestral Roots
EDTN 7th
PUBL Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD (1999)
TEXT 121E-18; 144A-19
ACED
DATE 0911When Charles III the Simple King of France gave Ragnvaldsson Rollo, aka Rolf
the Pirate Normandy, and made him Robert I Duke of Normandy to prevent him
from attacking nearer to Paris, he threw his daughter Giesela into the deal.
TYPE E-Mail Message
AUTH McCreight, William ((XXXXX@XXXX.XXX))
TITL Children of Ragnvaldsson Rollo (Robert I Duke of Normandy) and Giesela
DATE 2 Jun 1999
LOCA (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)/PowerMac 6500>Applications>Reunion>Documents-source
DATE 24 APR 2000

EVEN
TYPE Title (Facts Pg)
PLAC Duc de Normandie - 'Gonge Rolf' (The Ganger)Norwegian Viking settled at mouth of Seine. After fighting many battles, made an agreement with King Charles the Simple - received land in Normandie
and 911 became 1st Duc de Normandie and vassel of King.

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy

GIVN Rollo Duke of
SURN NORMANDY
DATE 15 Dec 2000
HIST: @N642@

GIVN Rollo, the Granger, of
SURN NORMANDY
NSFX Count of Rouen & 1st Duke Normandy
ABBR Compuserve
TITL Any information taken from Compuserve.
AUTH Various authors
PAGE From a message sent by T.E. Graves
EVEN Recieved title of 1st Duke of Normandy
TYPE Misc
DATE 912
ABBR History Of England
TITL History textbook
AUTH Katharine Coman & Elizabeth Kimball Kendall
PUBL The Macmillian Co, 1905
PAGE pp 59
QUAY 2

EVEN
TYPE Title (Facts Page)
PLAC 1st Duke, leader Norman PiratesRollo devatated Holland and appeared upon the Seine while Gottfried ravaged the valleys of to Meuse and Saheldt. They burned and sacked Keulen, Bonn, Treves, Metz
and other cities, sabling their horses at Aix-La- Chapelle, in the Cathedral Chich of Charlemagne. A furore Normaunorum Libre nos Domine, came to be part of the Catholic litany.
Hastings, at the head of a band of Nothmen, sacked Bordeaux, Lisbon and Seville,; defeated the Moorish conquerors of Spain at Cordova; crossed the staits in Morocco; repassed them; overan Tuscany;
returned to France,where other chieftains had had various success against Chales the Bald, and embrasedChristianity.
His name, the most dreaded of all the Vikings, was adopted by many successors. With safe winter quarters in Spain, they extended their ravages into Naples, Sicily and the coasts of the Greek Empire.
Anarchy, meanwhile, prevailing in France, in the autumn of 885 they laid siege to Paris. After a year of the siege was into [??] blockade, but at last Charles the Fat, bought off the Northmen with
700 pounds of silver and a free passage to the Upper Seine and Burgandy. The most redoubtable of the Northmen afterward was Hrolf, better known as Rollo, chiefain, of Norwegian parentage, first Duke
of Normandy, and direct ancestor, in the sixth generation, of WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. In the words of Snorro Sturleson: "He was so mighty of a stature that there was no horse of strength and size to
bear him. He was therefore always on foot, and was called the Marcher." He ravaged Friesland and the countries watered by Schieldt, and took Rouen, St Le Bayeux and Evreux. From Charles the Simple
he accepted the hand of a daughter, together with a tract of Nuestrian territory north of the Seine, from Andalye to the sea [modern Normandy] , in exchange for Christian baptism and an oath of
fealty [912]. Thus arrested the Scandavain flood which had devestaded France for more than a century. Rollo distributed among his followers the lands of Nuestria, to be held as the Duke of Normandy.
Thus were laid the foundations for the feudal system which William the Conqueror transplanted into England [1066-1087]. Few external traces of the Scandinavians are to be found in modern Normandy.
Yet for a time the Scandinavian gods divided with the Saviour the religious reverence of the people of that country. Monasteries and cathedrals were built, however, with what magnificence their
splendor remains attest. The Normans adopted the language of the vanquished province, but greatly modified it. It was the langue d'oni [the language d'oc being south of the Loire], which became
under Norman inspiration the peculiar medium of romantic poetry.
From : The Pedigree and History of the Washington Family, by Albert Welles

EVEN
TYPE Acceded
DATE 911See Europsch Stammtafeln Bund II tafel 36

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy,876.
SOUR GWALTNEY.ANC (Compuserve) says 847; www.gendex.com says ABT 846; Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123 says c870; members.aol.com/sargen3 says
ABT 854, Maer; misc.traveller.com/genealogy/gedhtml/kmilburn say 845;
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, p. 25, 30;COMYN4.TAF,p6;ROYAL.THD say 932;
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 933,NORM.TAF (Compuserve) (says 933);
GWALTNEY.ANC 508044998 says d. 931;Royalty for Commoners p. 123 says 927-932
SOUR www.gendex.com
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve)
PAGE 409
Founder of the royal House of Normandy and England, 1st Duke of Normandy, 912
Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 25; Hralfr Gongen Rollo -
COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 6; Gonge Rolf (Marching Rolf) "Rollo the
Dane", 1st Duke of Normandy - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); Established the duchy
of Normandy, a Viking - The Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 7
ROLLO THE DANE, son of ROGNVALD THE RICH and RAGNHILD NEFIA, settled in Normandy and traced his descent through eleven generation from a king called Fornjot who ruled in Finland. His alleged
ancestors-or most of them- are mythical creatures, but the
tale of their exploits is, quite clearly, a fabulous recital of the discovery and exploration of Norway; and from such an ancestry an appetite for discovery, a zest for exploration, certainly
survived to animate the viking age - The Conquest of
England, Eric
Linklater, p. 12
Younger son, was a great viking. He grew so tall that no horse could carry him-but probably the Norwegian horses were no bigger than an Iceland pony to-day-and because he had to go upon his own feet
he was known as Marching Rolf [Gongu-hrolfr]. He
offended king Harald Fairhair by harrying and
committing what was called a 'strand-slaying' in the great gulf of south Oslo, and was outlawed. He followed a customary viking path to the Hebrides, and remained their long enough to beget a
daughter who later married a Scots kinglet. Rolf may have
adventured in Ireland, England and the valley of the Loire, but Icelandic annals say firmly that he won his place in Normandy in 898; and if that is true he must have spent thirteen years in
establishing the power that Charles the Simple confirmed in
911. He served a lively apprenticeship to war, and a distinguished father must, in the beginning, have helped him to enlist followers whom his own success in arms would later multiply. - The
Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 24
Count of Rouen - WIVES.TXT (Compuserve)
Rollo (Rollon, Ranger Rolf), Count of Rouen; conquered Normandy; Popa was his 2nd wife - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123-124
Rolf became known as Robert or Rollo in Normandy. I have shown them as father and son but this is really a way of showing how his attribution changed. AKA Rolf Wend-a-foot Acceded 911 -
http://gendex.com/users/daver/rigney/D0001/G0000001.html#I1257

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy,876.
SOUR GWALTNEY.ANC (Compuserve) says 847; www.gendex.com says ABT 846; Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123 says c870; members.aol.com/sargen3 says
ABT 854, Maer; misc.traveller.com/genealogy/gedhtml/kmilburn say 845;
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, p. 25, 30;COMYN4.TAF,p6;ROYAL.THD say 932;
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 933,NORM.TAF (Compuserve) (says 933);
GWALTNEY.ANC 508044998 says d. 931;Royalty for Commoners p. 123 says 927-932
SOUR www.gendex.com
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve)
PAGE 409
Founder of the royal House of Normandy and England, 1st Duke of Normandy, 912
Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 25; Hralfr Gongen Rollo -
COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 6; Gonge Rolf (Marching Rolf) "Rollo the
Dane", 1st Duke of Normandy - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); Established the duchy
of Normandy, a Viking - The Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 7
ROLLO THE DANE, son of ROGNVALD THE RICH and RAGNHILD NEFIA, settled in Normandy and traced his descent through eleven generation from a king called Fornjot who ruled in Finland. His alleged
ancestors-or most of them- are mythical creatures, but the
tale of their exploits is, quite clearly, a fabulous recital of the discovery and exploration of Norway; and from such an ancestry an appetite for discovery, a zest for exploration, certainly
survived to animate the viking age - The Conquest of
England, Eric
Linklater, p. 12
Younger son, was a great viking. He grew so tall that no horse could carry him-but probably the Norwegian horses were no bigger than an Iceland pony to-day-and because he had to go upon his own feet
he was known as Marching Rolf [Gongu-hrolfr]. He
offended king Harald Fairhair by harrying and
committing what was called a 'strand-slaying' in the great gulf of south Oslo, and was outlawed. He followed a customary viking path to the Hebrides, and remained their long enough to beget a
daughter who later married a Scots kinglet. Rolf may have
adventured in Ireland, England and the valley of the Loire, but Icelandic annals say firmly that he won his place in Normandy in 898; and if that is true he must have spent thirteen years in
establishing the power that Charles the Simple confirmed in
911. He served a lively apprenticeship to war, and a distinguished father must, in the beginning, have helped him to enlist followers whom his own success in arms would later multiply. - The
Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 24
Count of Rouen - WIVES.TXT (Compuserve)
Rollo (Rollon, Ranger Rolf), Count of Rouen; conquered Normandy; Popa was his 2nd wife - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123-124
Rolf became known as Robert or Rollo in Normandy. I have shown them as father and son but this is really a way of showing how his attribution changed. AKA Rolf Wend-a-foot Acceded 911 -
http://gendex.com/users/daver/rigney/D0001/G0000001.html#I1257

OCCU 1st Duke of Normandy,876.
SOUR GWALTNEY.ANC (Compuserve) says 847; www.gendex.com says ABT 846; Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123 says c870; members.aol.com/sargen3 says
ABT 854, Maer; misc.traveller.com/genealogy/gedhtml/kmilburn say 845;
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, p. 25, 30;COMYN4.TAF,p6;ROYAL.THD say 932;
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) says ABT 933,NORM.TAF (Compuserve) (says 933);
GWALTNEY.ANC 508044998 says d. 931;Royalty for Commoners p. 123 says 927-932
SOUR www.gendex.com
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123
COMYNI.GED (Compuserve)
PAGE 409
Founder of the royal House of Normandy and England, 1st Duke of Normandy, 912
Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 25; Hralfr Gongen Rollo -
COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 6; Gonge Rolf (Marching Rolf) "Rollo the
Dane", 1st Duke of Normandy - NORM.TAF (Compuserve); Established the duchy
of Normandy, a Viking - The Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 7
ROLLO THE DANE, son of ROGNVALD THE RICH and RAGNHILD NEFIA, settled in Normandy and traced his descent through eleven generation from a king called Fornjot who ruled in Finland. His alleged
ancestors-or most of them- are mythical creatures, but the
tale of their exploits is, quite clearly, a fabulous recital of the discovery and exploration of Norway; and from such an ancestry an appetite for discovery, a zest for exploration, certainly
survived to animate the viking age - The Conquest of
England, Eric
Linklater, p. 12
Younger son, was a great viking. He grew so tall that no horse could carry him-but probably the Norwegian horses were no bigger than an Iceland pony to-day-and because he had to go upon his own feet
he was known as Marching Rolf [Gongu-hrolfr]. He
offended king Harald Fairhair by harrying and
committing what was called a 'strand-slaying' in the great gulf of south Oslo, and was outlawed. He followed a customary viking path to the Hebrides, and remained their long enough to beget a
daughter who later married a Scots kinglet. Rolf may have
adventured in Ireland, England and the valley of the Loire, but Icelandic annals say firmly that he won his place in Normandy in 898; and if that is true he must have spent thirteen years in
establishing the power that Charles the Simple confirmed in
911. He served a lively apprenticeship to war, and a distinguished father must, in the beginning, have helped him to enlist followers whom his own success in arms would later multiply. - The
Conquest of England, Eric Linklater, p. 24
Count of Rouen - WIVES.TXT (Compuserve)
Rollo (Rollon, Ranger Rolf), Count of Rouen; conquered Normandy; Popa was his 2nd wife - Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 123-124
Rolf became known as Robert or Rollo in Normandy. I have shown them as father and son but this is really a way of showing how his attribution changed. AKA Rolf Wend-a-foot Acceded 911 -
http://gendex.com/users/daver/rigney/D0001/G0000001.html#I1257

Conqueror of Normandy. He received it as a grant from the Emperor Charles
III between 911 and 918. That area of France was then known as Neustria.
Also known as Rollo the Dane. Known as Duke Robert I from the name he
received in baptism as a Christian. Founder of the Ducal House of
Normandy.

Conqueror of Normandy. He received it as a grant from the Emperor Charles
III between 911 and 918. That area of France was then known as Neustria.
Also known as Rollo the Dane. Known as Duke Robert I from the name he
received in baptism as a Christian. Founder of the Ducal House of
Normandy.

DATE 31 MAY 2000

I wish I was sure of every name in this file & that I didnt
need to know what you think :) hey, but always refining this,
So if you spot a place where Im just flat wrong please tell
me or someone I didnt go on out with, I do this file out of fun and wanting to know, but do not
respond to the 'know it alls' , that dont have manners.I dont
consider them Kin!
Thanks and Happy Hunting!

[269747.ftw]

REFN: 3837

Name Suffix: Duke 8*
REFN: 2432696416
Duke of Normandy

I wish I was sure of every name in this file & that I didnt
need to know what you think :) hey, but always refining this,
So if you spot a place where Im just flat wrong please tell
me or someone I didnt go on out with, I do this file out of fun and wanting to know, but do not
respond to the 'know it alls' , that dont have manners.I dont
consider them Kin!
Thanks and Happy Hunting!

[anc.regfilmer.FTW]

According to Stuart--Royalty for Commoners 1-3 & Weis Ancestral Roots 4-10

Rollo/Rolf was son of Rognvald, Earl of More, presumably of Norwegianancestry. He had a Viking career, raiding in Scotland, Ireland andFrance. He was defeated outside Chartres in 911 but his right to lands inthe Seine valley was later confirmed by the emperor and he was baptisedby the Archbishop of
Rouen.
Info from David C Douglas 'William the Conqueror [Methuen, 1969, p16].

Sources: A. Roots 121E, 243A; Kraentzler 1160, 1443, 1453; RC 162,166; Coe;
Guizot; The Normans and Their Myth (chart) by R.H.C. Davis; Pfafman; WEDStokes;
A History of the Vikings by Gwyn Jones; Ashley; Norr, p59.
He established the Northmen in France and was the first Duke ofNormandy.
Count of Rouen. Conquered Normandy. Also known as Hrolf (Gongu-Hrolfr),
Rollon, Ganger and Granger Rolf.
WED says the area near "Mora, Norway, was the domain of the jarl ofMore,
whose son Hrolf, with his followers...in 911 settled in the districtlater
known as Normandy."
Roots: Ganger Rolf, "the Viking (or Rollo), banished from Norway tothe
Hebrides ca. 876; 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, whereCount
Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his daughter Poppa taken, 886, byRollo (now
called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Clair,911,
received the Duchy of Normandy from Charles III, "the Simple."
Davis: Rollo, ruler of Normandy from 911-931. The dukes of Normandyfree
married with non-Scandinavians. "Rollo is said to have married thedaughter of
the Frankish king and to have had his son by the daughter of a Frankishcount.
That son, William, married the daughter of a Frankish count and had hisson,
Richard, by a Breton. None of the dukes' wives came from Scandinavia or
England, and by the first half of the 11th century their familyconnections
were typically French." An early historian, Dudo, said Rollo was Danish.
Ashley: Count Rolllo or Rolf the Viking., died 993?
Norr: Rollo or Rolf, 1st duke of Normandy 912-917-(927), born about856. He
was of the same Danish origin as the ancestors of the English which his
descendants conquered in 1066.

The vast majority of the information presented is obtained from online sources. While I believe it to be accurate, caution must be taken to always be careful of its validity.
Please do contact me if you find errors or have questions.

_P_CCINFO 1-2782

see Europaisch Stammtaflen bun II tafel 36

Rollo of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=5624794a-cae1-4d1d-bd53-0d85decadd7d&tid=6650027&pid=-1175772967

Rollo Duke of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=5491037f-1379-4633-9149-48249c7b17ab&tid=6650027&pid=-1175772967

Gånge-Rolf fick namnet Robert 912 när han döptes men han lär ha dött som hedning

Ancestral File listed birth as About 854??.

!Name is; Rollo (Robert I), Duke Of /NORMANDY/

Duke of Normandy
Book of Rememberence-Meacham

[large-G675.FTW]

Later sources identify this Hrolf with Rollo of Normandy, an extremelydoubtful identification. It is unlikely that there was any closerelationship between the early dukes of Normandy and the Orkney Jarls,and Rollo's parentage is unknown.

Here are my notes on ROLLO, which I send in connection with a message sent
by Stewart Baldwin in which he says he suspects I took my data from the
"ridiculously unreliable Ancestral File" of the LDS. As you can see, this
isn't quite right.

Gordon Fisher (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)

-----------------------------------------------------------------

27th ggf of Gordon Fisher

Or: HROLFR the GANGER (walker), GANGE-ROLV, ROLF, ROLLO OF NORMANDY;
andlater in life, ROBERT; also HRO'LFR

"The central fact of Norman history ... is ... the grant of Normandy andhis
northern followers in the year 911. ... For the actual occurences ofthat
year, we have only the account of a romancing historian of a hundred years
later, reenforced here and there by the exceedingly scanty records of the
time. The main fact is clear, namely that the Frankish king, Charles the
Simple, granted Rollo as a fief a considerable part, the eastern part, of
later Normandy. Apparently Rollo did homage for his fied in feudalfashion
by placing his hands between the hands of the king, something, we aretold,
which "neither his father, nor his grandfather, nor his great-grandfather
before him had ever done for any man." Legend goes on to relate, however,
that Rollo refused to kneel and kiss the king's foot, crying out in hisown
speech, "No, by God!" and that the companion to whom he delegated the
unwelcome obligation performed it so clumsily that he overturned the king,
to the great merriment of the assembled Northmen. ... As to Rollo's
personality, we have only the evidence of later Norman historians of
doubtful authority and the Norse saga of HArold Fairhair. If, as seems
likely, their accounts relate to the same person, he was known in thenorth
as Hrolf the Ganger, because he was so huge that no horse could carry him
and he must needs gang afoot. A pirate at home, he was driven into exileby
the anger of King Harold, whereupon he followed his trade in the Western
Isles and in Gaul, and rose to be a great Jarl among his people. The saga
makes him a Norwegian, but Danish scholars have sought to prove him aDane,
and more recently the cudgels have been taken up for his Swedish origin.To
me the NOrwegian theory seems on the whole the most probable, being basedon
a trustworthy saga and corroborated by other incidental evidence. ... The
important fact is that Norway, Denmark, and even more distant Sweden, all
contributed to the colonists who settled in Normandy under Rollo and his
successors, and the achievements of the Normans thus become the common
heritage of the Scandinavian race. (P) The colonization of Normandy was,of
course, only a small part of the work of this heroic age of Scandinavian
expansion. The great emigration from the North in the ninth and tenth
centuries has been explained in part by the growth of centralizedgovernment
and the consequent departure of the independent, the turbulent, and the
untamed for new fields of adventure; but its chief cause was doubtlessthat
which lies back of colonizing movements in all ages, the growth of
population and the need of more room. Five centuries earlier this
land-hunger had pushed the Germanic tribes across the Rhine and Danube and
produced the great wandering of the peoples which destroyed the Roman
empire; and the Viking raids were simply a later aspect of this same
*Vo"lkerwanderung*, retarded by the outlying position of the Scandinavian
lands and by the greater difficulty of migration by sea. For, unlike the
Goths who swept across the map of Europe in vast curves of marching men,or
the Franks who moved forward by slow stages of gradual settlement in their
occupation of Roman Gaul, the Scandinavian invaders were men of the seaand
migrated in ships."
--- Charles Homer Haskins, *The Normans in European History*, Boston &
NY, 1915, p 26-30 passim. From p 48 & 50: "At this point the fundamental
question forces itself upon us, how far was Normandy affected by
Scandinavian influences? What in race and language, in law and custom,was
the contribution of the north to Normandy? And the answer must be that in
most respects the tangible contribution was slight. Whatever may havebeen
the state of affairs in the age of colonization and settlement, by the
century which followed the Normans had become to a surprising degree
absorbed by their environment. ..... What, then, was the Scandinavian
contribution to the making of Normandy if it was neither law nor speechnor
race? First and foremost, it was Normandy itself, created as a distinct
entity by the Norman occupation and the grant to Rollo and his followers,
without whom it would have remained an undifferentiated part of northern
France. Next, a new element in the population, numerically small in
proportion to the ass, but a leaven to the whole --- quick to absorb
Frankish law and Christian culture but retaining its northern qualities of
enterprise, of daring, and of leadership. It is no accident that thenames
of the leaders in early Norman movements are largely Norse. And finally a
race of princes, high-handed and masteful but with a talent for political
organization, state-builders at home and abroad, who made Normandy the
strongest and most centralized principality in France and joined to it a
kingdom beyond the seas which became the strongest state in westernEurope."

"GANGER ROLF, "the Viking" (or ROLLO), banished from Norway to theHebrides
ca. 876, 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, where Count Berenger
of Bayeux was killed, and dau. Poppa captured and taken, 886, by Rollo(now
called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Claire,
911, rec'd the Duchy of Normandy from CHARLES III, "the Simple"; d. ca.927
(Isenburg says 931), bur. Notre Dame, Rouen. ... Note: Isenburg inserts a
Robert between Rollo and William I, and makes Robert the conqueror of
Bayeux, husb. of Poppa, and 1st Duke. Chronology favors the descent given
by Moriarty and Onslow. It seems probable that Robert was another namefor
Rollo. If there really was a Robert as 1st Duke, then [ROBERT I] would be
ROBERT II, which is not the case. For additional data on William II of
Normandy and I of England the reader may consult David C. Douglas,*William
the Conqueror* (1964). Besides a dau. Gerloc (or Adela) who m. 935WILLIAM
I ... Count of Poitou, Ganger Rolf had [WILLIAM I, "Longsword"]."
--- Weis & Sheppard, *Ancestral Roots ... *, 7th Edition, 1992, p 110

"Rollo (Rollon, Ranger Rolf [sic, instead of Ganger], 1st Duke ofNormandy,
Count of Rouen; conquered Normandy; b. c870, Maer, Norway, d. 927-932; md
(2) 891 Poppa de Bayeux, Duchess of Norway; b. c872, Bayeux, France; dau
Berenger de Bayeux, Count of Bayeux; d. bef. 930; and N.N. of Rennes."
--- Roderick W Stuart, *Royalty for Commoners*, 2nd edn, 1992, p 123-124

The definitive establishment of the Normans, to whom the country owes
its name, took place in 911, when by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte,
concluded between King Charles the Simple of France and Rolf or Rollo,chief
of the Normans, the territory comprising the town of Rouen and a few'pagi'
situated on the sea-coast was ceded to the latter; but the terms of the
treaty are ill-defined, and it is consequently almost impossible to findout
the exact extent of this territory or to know whether Brittany was at this
time made a feudal dependency of Normandy. But the chronicler Dudo of
Saint-Quentin's statement that Rollo married Gisela, daughter of Charlesthe
Simple, must be considered to be legendary work of Dudo of Saint-Quentin
[who?] is practically our only authority.
Rollo died in 927 and was succeeded by his son William ...
--- (Source ???)

"Charles [the Simple], the son-in-law of eEward, constrained thereto by
Rollo, through a succession of calamities, conceded to him that part ofGaul
which at present is called Normandy. It would be tedious to relate forhow
many years, and with what audacity, the Normans disquieted every placefrom
the British ocean, as I have said, to the Tuscan sea. First Hasten, and
then Rollo; who, born of noble lineage among the Norwegians, thoughobsolete
from its extreme antiquity, was banished, by the king's command, from his
own country, and brought over with multitudes, who were in danger, either
from debt or consciousness of guilt, and whom he had allured by great
expectations of advantage. Betaking himself therefore to piracy, afterhis
cruelty had raged on every side at pleasure, he experienced a check at
Chartres. For the townspeople, relying neither on arms norfortifications,
piously impoored the assistance of the blessed Virgin Mary. The shift too
of the virgin, which Charles the Bald displayed to the winds on the
samparts, thronged by the garrison, after the fashion of a banner. The
enemy on seeing it began to laught, and to direct their arrows at it.This,
however, was not done with impunity; for presently their eyes became dim,
and they could neither retreat nor advance. The townsmen, with joy
perceiving this, indulged themselves in a plentiful slaughter of them, as
far as fortune permitted. Rollo, however, whom God reserved for the true
faith, escaped, and soon after gained Rouen and the neighboring cities by
force of arms, in the year of our Lord 876, and one year before the deathof
Charles the Bald, whose grandson Lewis, as is before mentioned, vanquished
the Normans, but did not expel them; but Charles, the brother of thatLewis,
grandson of Charles the Bald, by his son Lewis, as I have said aboce,
repeatedly experiencing, from unsuccessful conflicts, that fortune gavehim
nothing which she took from others, resolved, after consulting hisnobility,
that it was advisable to make a show of royal munificence, when he was
unable to repel injury; and, in a friendly manner, sent for Rollo. He was
at this time far advanced in years; and, consequently, easily inclined to
pacific measures. It was therefore determined by treaty, that he shouldbe
baptized, and hold that country of the king as his lord. The inbred and
untameable ferocity of the man may well be imagined, for, on receivingthis
gift, as the by standers suggested to him, that he ought to kiss the footof
his benefactor, disdaining to kneel down, he seized the king's foot and
dragged it to his mouth as he stood erect. The king falling on his back,
the Normans began to laugh, and the Franks to be indignant; but Rollo
apologized for his shameful conduct, by saying that it was the custom ofhis
country. Thus the affair being settled, Rollo returned to Rouen, andthere
died."
--- William of Malmesbury, *Chronicle of the Kings of England*, c 1135,
tr John Allen Giles, London (Henry G Bohn) 1847, p 125-126

"It is not known when Rollo arrived in the Viking kingdom [in Normandy].
Dudo says that he took Rouen in 877, but most historians are agreed that
Rollo probably did not appear in Francia until the early tenth century.The
possibility exists however, that Dudo is preserving a belief that Vikings
had been established in the Rouen area from about this time. Rollo is
thought to have been Norwegian rather than Danish, and later Icelandic
sources identify him with Hrolf the Ganger (walker), son of Ragnvald earlof
Moer, who had a career as a Viking before settling in Francia. Hemarried a
Christian woman and his son William, according to the Lament of William
Longsword, was born overseas. (P) Nothing more in known about the 'Treaty
of St Clair-sur-Epte' concluded in a personal interview between Charlesthe
Simple and Rollo than Dudo tells us, and he has been accused of inventing
the meeting. That a cession of territory in the Seine, extending as far
west as the mouth of the Seine on the coast and near the source of theEure
inland is affirmed by a charter of Charles the Simple dated 14 March 918.
..... Flodoard adds the information that Rollo received baptism and the
Frankish name Robert with the cession of this territory. (P) Rollo seemsto
have been made a count in 911, with the traditional duties assigned to a
Carolingian count, namely, protection and the administration of justice.He
was certainly subordinate to the Frankish king. With the proliferation of
titles accorded the leader of the Normandy Vikings in later sources, some
historians hace suggested that Rollo was made a duke, but Werner hasargued
that there was no Norman *marchio* before 950-6, and no duke before
987-1006, that is, after Hugh Capet had gained the throne of France. .....
(P) Rollo appears to have received his territory on similar terms as the
Bretons had received the Cotentin, except that the bishoprics were also
ceded. ..... In exchange, Rollo was to defend the Seine from otherVikings,
accept baptism and become the *fidelis* of the Frankish king. That there
were other groups of Vikings in the region, particularly in the westernpart
of Normandy, is clear. The west stayed pagan longer; it was a century
before a bishop was appointed to the Cotnetin. ..... (P) The arrangement
made in 911 proved successful ..... The area of Normandy by 933corresponded
to the area of the archdiocese of Rouen, with the seven *civitates* of
Rouen, Bayeux, Avranches, Evreux, See's, Lisieux and Coutances. The
fortunes of the bishops of Rouen and of the (principes* of Normandy werein
fact closely associated from the very beginning."
--- Rosamond McKitterick, *The Frankish Kingdom under the Carolingians,
751-987*, London & NY (Longman) 1983, p 237-238

"A.D. 917. ..... Rollo, first duke of Normandy, died, and was succeededby
his son William."
--- Florence of Worcester (died c 1117), *A History of the Kings of
England* (OR: *The Chronicle of Florence of Worcester*), trans Joseph
Stephenson, 1853 (reprinted by Llanerch Enterprises, Felinfach, Lampeter,
Dyfed, Wales SA48 8PJ, 1980s (?)), p 76

References: History and Genealogy of the Pearsall Family in england and America (3 Vols)1928 by clarence e Pearsall; soule, Sowle and soulis History (1926) by g.T. Ridlon, Sr.; Ancestral Roots of sixty Colonists by frederick Lewis Weis (4th ed-1969)

*************

Scandanavian Ancestry (Rollo)

Rollo, is claimed to be a direct descendant of ours through our Pearsall ancestry. Rolo was a Norwegian Jarl (chieftain or noble). He was a sea pirate, who earned the disfavor of King Harold of Norway who caused his eviction from Norway. Rollo with a large fleet, landed at Roeun, France and became the conqueror of Normandy (the northern area of France above Paris. As the conqueror, he gave land and titles to his fellow Scandanavians.
William the Conqueror, was a direct descendant of Rollo and of Scandanavian blood. William invaded and conquered Great Britain with the assistance of many noblemen from Normandy. William's decisive victory was at the Battle of Hastings. Subsequent to the Battle of Hastings, a list was caused to be compiled by William of the names of those men who had crossed the sea with him from Normandy to England. This list was suspended in the magnificent abbey he constructed on the site of the battle.
The list became known as the "Roll of Battell Abbey". This ancient document states in part, : "Many who came out of Normandy were nobles in their native country;especially such as were stiled from their places(of residence) as Le Sire de Soule, Le Sieur de Haye, or Le Sieur de Mortain, whereby we understand them Lords (equivalent to the English title) and owners of such manors, towns and castles(chateaus)from whence they took their denominations or surnames."
Based upon the above the author of the Soule, Sowle, and Soulis History concludes no family in the living present has a greater claim to a Norman origin than the Soule family.
The Conqueror bestowed upon those who filled important command in his army manorial estates all over England, as promised he had promised to induce them to join. It is assumed that the Le Siere de Soule did not survive the Battle of Hastings, since no estate was was immediately conferred upon him as proven by the absence of his name from Doomsday survey. Soon thereafter, However, the Soule-Solis family came to England soon thereafter and were given vast holdings in England and Scotland.
Therefore, Sandanavian Norman heritage is claimed by notable genealogists of both the Soule and Pearsall families. Rollo, the Scandanavian Conqueror of Norway may be considered our symbolic ancester. (See Soule, Sowle and Soules History by rev G.T. Ridlon, Sr. (1926); History and Genealogy of the Pearsall Family in England and America by Clarence e. Pearsall, 3 Vols (1928)).

Supposedly he was from Maer, Norway, but this is unproven, as well as the parental links. He was known in the north as Hrolf the Ganger, because he was so huge that no horse could carry him and he must follow gang afoot. A pirate at home, he was driven into exile by the anger of King Harold, whereupon he followed his trade in the Western Isles and in Gaul, and rose to be a great Jarl among his people.

It should be noted that Rollo never claimed the title of Duke. He was Count in Rouen, nothing more. The title was occasionally used interchangeably with Count by his descendants through Robert II (Rollo was Robert I) the Magnficent. Robert's son, William II (the Conqueror), insisted on the title of Duke, though his right to it is not at all clear. As no one ever got the better of William for long, what he demanded was accepted all around. - - John Yohalem

Nothing is known for sure regarding Rollo's parentage and place of birth. The native Norman sources [e.g., Dudo] give Rollo a brother named "Gurim" (probably "Gorm", but almost certainly not the same man as the well known Gorm of Denmark), but do not give a name to Rollo's father. Late Icelandic sources state that he was the son of Rognvald of More, but that claim is controversial (and, in my opinion, false), although often repeated as if it were an established fact. - - Stewart Baldwin

Originally a part of Charlemagne's empire, Normandy was fairly wealthy, with lots of monasteries and small towns. Lying on the northern coast De France, it became a favorite and easy target for Vikings in the 9th C. It lost most of its monasteries and was not much of a prize when a Viking came to the King Charles III "the simple" of the West Franks in 911 with a proposal. The Viking was Rolf (claimed by Norway, Denmark and Sweden, but probably from Norway) with many men at his command. He offered to defend the coast against other Vikings in return for a title. And, naturally, he and his people would convert to Christianity. So, Rolf the Viking became Count De Normandy (later the Duke De Normandy), and the King of the West Franks breathed a deep sigh of relief.

The title "Duke De Normandy", by the way, seems never to have been used before the end of the 10th century, and to have been official only with the accession of William II (the Conqueror). The title granted by Charles the Simple was Count, usually taken to mean of Rouen.

The territory given to Rollo comprised the town of Rouen and a few 'pagi' situated on the seacoast was ceded to the latter; but the terms of the treaty are ill?defined, and it is consequently almost impossible to find out the exact extent of this territory or to know whether Brittany was at this time made a feudal dependency De Normandy.

!SOURCES:
1. Norsk Biografisk Leksikon, Norw. 10, v. 4, p. 351-53
2. Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116, p. 6
3. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 17-24, 31-45
4. Gen. Tab. Souv., France 22, Tab. 48
5. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100-01
6. Espolin (GS #12462, pt 1, p. 97)

Norse Conqueror of Normandy

!BIRTH: "Royal Ancestors" by Michel Call - Based on Call Family Pedigrees FHL
film 844805 & 844806, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, UT. Copy of
"Royal Ancestors" owned by Lynn Bernhard, Orem, UT.

!called Ganger-Hrolf Rognvaldsson, also called the walker.

Data From Lynn Jeffrey Bernhard, 2445 W 450 South #4, Springville UT 84663-4950
email - (XXXXX@XXXX.XXX)

Alias: 1st Duke of /Normandy/

Norse Conqueror of Normandy

--Other Fields

Ref Number: 410

EVEN: Alt. Christened

Rollo (c. 860 - c. 932) var en vikinghøvding over et område som senere ble kjent som Normandie. I noen kilder blir han også omtalt som Robert av Normandie. Rollo ble stamfar til den berømte normanniske herskerslekten.

Navnet Rollo er et Frankisk-latin navn som trolig stammer fra det norrøne navnet Hrólf (Rolv) (jf. latiniseringen av Hrólf Kraki til Roluo i Gesta Danorum).

Rollo er oppført i flere skriftlige samtidskilder. Han var leder for de store styrkene av ±normannere» som på tidlig 900-tallet erobret området ved munningen av elva Seine i Frankrike. For at de skulle flytte bort ble Rollo gjennom Saint-Clair-sur-Epte-traktaten i 911 forlent av Karl den Enfoldige med grevskapet Rouen som deretter ble utvidet til det ±nordiske» hertugdømmet Normandie. Hertug er imidlertid en anakronistisk tittel som aldri ble brukt om Rollo. Greve av Rouen passer bedre for å beskrive Rollos myndighetsområde men tittelen Greve blir heller aldri brukt om Rollo. Derimot brukes princeps Nortmannorum i samtidige kilder både om Rollo, og sønnen Vilhelm Langsverd som omkring 927 overtok lenet. Rollo kan ha levd noen år etter dette men han er sikkert avgått med døden en gang før 933. Hans statue står oppført i dagens Rouen ved kirken St Ouen.

Rollos bakgrunn er sterkt omdiskutert. Den ikke spesielt etterrettelige normanniske historieskriveren Dudo av Saint-Quentin, som er hovedkilden, mener at Rollo var en fordrevet dansk kongssønn, sønn av en ±kong Erik». Skriftlige kilder i kristne Europa skilte ikke mellom de nordiske rikene slik at denne påstanden om opprinnelessted bør kanskje betviles. Uansett har norsk og islandsk sagaoverlevering knyttet ham til Ragnvald Mørejarls sønn Gange-Rolv.

Gange-Rolv (Gangû-Hrôlfr), var en norsk vikinghøvding og sagafigur som egentlig het Rolv Ragnvaldsson (ca 860-932) og var sønn av Ragnvald Mørejarl, kjent som jarlen som klippet Harald Hårfagre etter at Norge var samlet til ett rike.

Gange-Rolv fikk tilnavnet fordi han var så stor at han alltid måtte gå til fots, underforstått at hesten ble for liten. I følge norsk og islandsk tradisjon er denne personen identisk med den historiske Rollo, som i 911 ble utnevnt til hertug over Normandie. Rollos opphav er imidlertid omdiskutert og nok umulig å stadfeste helt sikkert ettersom kildene spriker i alle retninger. En sannsynlig slektning, Vilhelm Erobreren av Normandie, inntok England i 1066 og grunnla et nytt normannisk kongehus i der.

Gange-Rolv var med på mange tokt i Austerled, men ble forvist fra landet av Harald Hårfagre etter et strandhogg han gjorde i Viken (Norge). I henhold til Snorre dro Rolv til Valland (Frankrike) etter landsforvisningen. Der ble han blant annet ble gift med kongsdatteren Gisela, og han skal ha blit døpt i Saint-Clair-katedralen.

"GANGER ROLF, "the Viking" (or ROLLO), banished from Norway to the Hebrides ca. 876, 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, where Count Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and dau. Poppa captured and taken, 886, by Rollo (now called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Claire, 911, rec'd the Duchy of Normandy from CHARLES III, "the Simple"; d. ca. 927 , bur. Notre Dame, Rouen. ... "

Also known as Hrolf the Ganger or Rollon, 1st Duke of Normandy from 911 to 927, called also Rolf the Walker, because, being so tall, he preferred to go afoot rather than ride the little Norwegian horses. Also shown as Rollon, Row, or Robert Originally a Norse Viking, he was noted for strength and martial prowess. In the reign of Charles II the Bald, he sailed up the Seine River and took Rouen, which he kept as a base of operations. He gained a number of victories over the Franks, and extorted the cession of the province since called Normandy. By the famous treaty which Charles the Bald and Rollo signed the latter agreed to adopt Christianity. He was born in 846 and died in 932, and was buried in the Cathedral at Roue

Rollo, also called Rolf was a Viking. Born in Norway c860, he grew to be a Norse chieftain. He is referred to as Rollo the Ganger (goer or walker) because he was too tall to ride the little Northland ponies. He was chief of the Northmen.

True to Viking tradition, he engaged in raiding and plundering along the coasts of the North countries. Even though he was of high rank in Norway, he was exiled because he refused to confine his piracies to foreign lands. He came to France not as a mere destroying barbarian, but with ideas of permanent conquest and settlement.

In 884 he sailed up the Seine with perhaps ten thousand followers and captured Rouen. It became the Northmens capital for over three hundred years. He then went on to attack Paris. He started a seigein November 885 and continued it for over a year. Finally, king Charles the Fat paid Rollo huge sums of tribute money and persuaded him to go attack Bergundy, then in revolt against the king.

Rolf (Rollo), based at Rouen, was extending his influence over all the surrounding country. The poor liked Rolf because, though stern, he was fair, and gave them protection. The next French king, Charles the Simple (it was Charles le Sot, more accurately translated means fool), in 911 gave Rollo not only the lands he had won, but the rest of the northern French coast. The region was called Northmens land, or Normandy. Rollo was made its Duke, accepted Christianity, was baptised in 912 and promised not to plunder other lands, excepy Brittany.

Rollo died in 931 but had given his son, William "Longsword" governance of Normandy in 927. The tomb of Rollo is in the chapel of St. Romanus at Rouen. William died Dec. 17, 942, assassinated by the Count of Flanders.

SOURCE NOTES:
www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal06259

_P_CCINFO 1-20792

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Original individual @P2203946515@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2203946049@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)
Original individual @P2203946515@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2689360864@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)

_P_CCINFO 1-20792

!SOURCES:
1. Norsk Biografisk Leksikon, Norw. 10, v. 4, p. 351-53
2. Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116, p. 6
3. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 17-24, 31-45
4. Gen. Tab. Souv., France 22, Tab. 48
5. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100-01
6. Espolin (GS #12462, pt 1, p. 97)

EVEN:
TYPE Acceded
DATE 911

Duke of Normandy
Book of Rememberence-Meacham

EVEN:
TYPE Acceded
DATE 911

_P_CCINFO 2-2438

Rollo_statue_in_falaise
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=d035e83a-7d69-470c-ac90-44b29c8c36e5&tid=11063440&pid=-342185763

Biography
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=0d1d0271-be73-4a21-9a7b-e9676248b41e&tid=11063440&pid=-342185763

Duke of Normandy

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Original individual @P2203946511@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2447682247@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)
Original individual @P2203946511@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2689360850@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)

Rollo the Viking was granted land in Northwestern France in 911 AD by
Charles the Simple, King of France. Charles hoped that Rollo would defend
his new land, barring the length of the Seine River to other Viking
groups. Rollo remained faithful to Charles and he and his son quickly
expanded the original land grant at the expense of neighboring French
lords and guarded it well against Viking rivals. Even before Rollo's
grandson Richard took over the domain in 942, the descendants of the
Vikings had accepted Christianity, intermarried with the local population
and adopted the French language. Already they were being called Normans,
a contraction of Northmen, and there territory became known as Normandy.
Richard's great-grandson was King William I, conqueror of England. Rollo
was also known as "Rolf."

Source: THE RUFUS PARKS PEDIGREE by Brian J.L. Berry. Chart: page 55.

Page 59:

1. Rollo (Hrolf, Rolion), d. 927; Duke of the Normans; originally enfeoffed with lands in the Diocese of Rouen, Lisieux and Evreux; subsequently obtained rights over the Bessin (the Bayeux country) on transferring his allegiance to the Robertian King of France Raoul 923; mar. a la danoise Poppa, dau. of
Berengarius, Count of Bayeux, who had died 890 defending his fief against Rollo.

!Availability: The libraries of Ken, Karen, Kristen, Kevin, Brian, Amy, Adam and FAL

Den samme som Rolf eller Rollo the Ganger; #439 Engkong.gen

Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga. Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse could carry him. The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.

[FAVthomas.FTW]

Also called Rolf, or Rou, French Rollon Scandinavian rover who foundedthe duchy of
Normandie.
Making himself independent of King Harald I of Norway, Rollo sailedoff to raid Scotland, England, Flanders, and France on piratingexpeditions and, about 911, established himself in an area along theSeine River. Charles III the Simple of France held off his siege ofParis, battled him near Chartres, and negotiated the treaty ofSaint-Clair-sur-Epte, giving him the part of Neustria that came to becalled Normandie; Rollo in return agreed to end his brigandage. He gavehis son, William I Longsword,
governance of the dukedom (927) before his death. Rollo was baptized in912 but is said to have died a pagan.

To cite this page: "Rollo" Encyclopædia Britannica
<http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=85982&tocid=0&query=rollo>

221827286. Hertug Rollo (Robert I,. Gerberge) RANGVALDSON av Normandie (13291) was born about 866.(13292) He died in 931 in Rouen.(13293) He was a Hertug in Normandie (F).(13294) Han drog 13 år gammel på vikingfert til Østersjøen, gjorde derefter strandhugg i Viken i Norge og blev fredløs, drog så til Orkenøene og Suderøene. Var da i 20 års alderen, var så svær og tung at hestene ikke kunde bære ham, derav navnet "Gangerolf". Senere drog han med andre vikinger itl utløpet av Seinen i Frankrike og herjet i Valland, blev høvding for en flokk vikinger, som stormet mot paris i årene 900-911. I 911 tilbød Karl den Enfoldige rollo og hans mennlandet omkring Seinen ned til havet. likson han gav ham sin datter Gisela til hustru. Dette tok Rkollo imot og nedsatte sig nu som hertug av Normandie som karls vasall og lot sig døpe. Derved fikk han navnet Robert I. og blev en mektig mann der, bodde i Rouen, hvor han døde i 931. He was married to Grevinne Popa BERANGERSDTR av Bayeux in 886.

443618864. Hertug Gange-Rolv N.NSON av Normandie was born in 860. He died in 931. He was a Hertug 911 - 931 (som Robert I) in Normandie (F). He was married to Popa N.NSDTR av Bayeux.

- Viking leader of Normandy.
For more information see the Our Folk - Hart family Web Site

from "Our Folk" by Albert D Hart, Jr.

BURIAL: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Grave_of_Rollo_of_Normandy.jpg/800px-Grave_of_Rollo_of_Normandy.jpg" width=300>

OR "ROLF""GONGE ROLF (MARCHING ROLF)""THE WALKER"; MAERMOR OF NORWAY; 1ST DUKE
OF NORMANDY; COUNT OF ROUEN

"ROLLO"

32nd great grandfather through Adele and 34th through son William

35th great grandfather

Gange-Rolv, Scandinavian rover who founded the duchy of Normandy.

Making himself independent of King Harald I of Norway, Rollo sailed off to raid Scotland, England, Flanders, and France on pirating expeditions and, about 911, established himself in an area along the Seine River. Charles III the Simple of France held off his siege of Paris, battled him near Chartres, and negotiated the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, giving him the part of Neustria that came to be called Normandy; Rollo in return agreed to end his brigandage. He gave his son, William I Longsword, governance of the dukedom (927) before his death. Rollo was baptized in 912 but is said to have died a pagan.

From Snorre Sturlasson: Harald Hårfagre's Saga:

"24. ROLF GANGER DRIVEN INTO BANISHMENT.

Earl Ragnvald was King Harald's dearest friend, and the king had the greatest regard for him. He was married to Hild, a daughter of Rolf Nefia, and their sons were Rolf and Thorer. Earl Ragnvald had also three sons by concubines, -- the one called Hallad, the second Einar, the third Hrollaug; and all three were grown men when their brothers born in marriage were still children Rolf became a great viking, and was of so stout a growth that no horse could carry him, and wheresoever he went he must go on foot; and therefore he was called Rolf Ganger. He plundered much in the East sea. One summer, as he was coming from the eastward on a viking's expedition to the coast of Viken, he landed there and made a cattle foray. As King Harald happened, just at that time, to be in Viken, he heard of it, and was in a great rage; for he had forbid, by the greatest punishment, the plundering within the bounds of the country. The king assembled a Thing, and had Rolf declared an outlaw over all Norway. When Rolf's mother, Hild heard of it she hastened to the king, and entreated peace for Rolf; but the king was so enraged that here entreaty was of no avail.
...
Rolf Ganger went afterwards over sea to the West to the Hebrides, or Sudreys; and at last farther west to Valland, where he plundered and subdued for himself a great earldom, which he peopled with Northmen, from which that land is called Normandy. Rolf Ganger's son was William, father to Richard, and grandfather to another Richard, who was the father of Robert Longspear, and grandfather of William the Bastard, from whom all the following English kings are descended. ..."

Rolv was married first in 886 with Popa, and second in in 911 with Gisela of France. Rolv lived in Rouen, where he died in 931.

Banished by King Harald I of Norway, Rollo sailed off to raid Scotland, England, Flanders, and France on pirating expeditions and, about 911, established himself in an area along the Seine River. Charles III the Simple of France held off his siege of Paris, battled him near Chartres, and negotiated the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, giving him the part of Neustria that came to be called Normandy; Rollo in return agreed to end his brigandage. He gave his son, William I Longsword, governance of the dukedom (927) before his death. Rollo was baptized in 912 but is said to have died a pagan.

1st Duke of Normandy, 911.

Viking chief .0911, settles in Normandy, baptised as Robert

1st Duke of Normandy.

!SOURCES:
1. Norsk Biografisk Leksikon, Norw. 10, v. 4, p. 351-53
2. Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116, p. 6
3. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 17-24, 31-45
4. Gen. Tab. Souv., France 22, Tab. 48
5. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100-01
6. Espolin (GS #12462, pt 1, p. 97)

RESEARCH NOTES:
First Duke of Normandy (911-932). "Rolf the Ganger", "Robert/Rollo of Norway"
Dro 13 aar gammel of vikingferd til *stersj*en. Gjorde strandhogg in
Viken
og
ble fredl*s. Dro saa til Orkn*yene and Suder*yene. Senere dro han with
andre
vikinger til utl*pet of Seinen and herjet der in aarene 900 - 911.
Stormet
also
mot Paris. Was wed with Popa. I 911 tilb*d Karl den enfoldige ham
hertugd*mmet
and sin daughter Gisela, mot aa holde landevern mot andre vikinger. Rolf
slo til.
Han lot seg d*pe and fikk navnet Robert I. Han bodde in Rouen.

BIOGRAPHY: Rollo the Dane 1st Duke of Normandy (-927) [Pedigree]
Son of Rognvald Eysteinsson "the Wise" Earl of More (830-) and Rognhild (Hildir) Hrolfsdotter (848-892)

BIOGRAPHY: All children from 2nd wife.
Count of Rouen.
b. 846, Maer, Norway
b. INT 845 (ABT 845/870), Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway
b. ABT 870, Maer, Norway
d. 927/933, Notre Dame, Rouen, France
d. 927-932
d. 932

BIOGRAPHY: Married first Poppa de_Valois Duchess of Norway (872-)

BIOGRAPHY: Children:

BIOGRAPHY: William_I "Longsword" 2nd Duke of Normandy (893-943) m(1) Luitgarde of Vermandois (915-978)
Adela of Normandy Princess of Normandy (897-0962) m. William I of Poitou (III of Aquitaine) Count of Poitou Duke of Aquitaine (925-963)
Robert 1st Count of Corbeil
Married second Gisela of France

BIOGRAPHY: References: [GENSERV],[RFC],[ES],[PlantagenetA],[MRL],[Weis1], [AR7],[Paget1]

The son of a Norman noble, who after ravaging northern France from 876 was invested with the Duchy of Normandy, as fief of the Crown from Charles III "The Simple" King of France conditional on his baptism as a Christian. He was baptized in the name of Robert. He abdicated in 927 and was succeeded by his son William. {Burke�s Peerage} [GADD.GED]

Rollo the Viking was granted land in Northwestern France in 911 AD byCharles the Simple, King of France. Charles hoped that Rollo woulddefend his new land, barring the length of the Seine River to otherViking groups. Rollo remained faithful to Charles and he and his sonquickly expanded the original land grant at the expense of neighboringFrench lords and guarded it well against Viking rivals. Even beforeRollo's grandson Richard took over the domain in 942, the descendantsof the Vikings had accepted Christianity, intermarried with the localpopulation and adopted the French language. Already they were beingcalled Normans, a contraction of Northmen, and there territory becameknown as Normandy. Richard's great-grandson was King William I,conqueror of England. Rollo was also known as "Rolf."

!SOURCES:
1. Norsk Biografisk Leksikon, Norw. 10, v. 4, p. 351-53
2. Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116, p. 6
3. Dukes of Normandy, France 5, p. 17-24, 31-45
4. Gen. Tab. Souv., France 22, Tab. 48
5. Keiser und Koenig Hist., Gen. Hist. 25, pt 1, p. 100-01
6. Espolin (GS #12462, pt 1, p. 97)

Rollo eller Gånge-Rolf (fornvästnordiska Gòngu-Hrolfr). Skandinavisk vikingahövding som erhöll områden av Karl III (den enfaldige) i nordvästra Frankrike.(troligfen 911)

He was referred to as Jarl of Normandy in 911.

Sir8 = Robert (Rollo) Gangerolf The Dane RAGNVALDSSON 1st Duke of Normandy Göngu-Hrólfr
Hrólf, also called Ganger-Hrólf (Gongu-Hrólfr 'Hrólf the walker'),
"le Marcheur" dû au fait qu'aucune monture n'a jamais été capable de supporter son imposante stature de plus de deux mètres pour plus de 140 Kg)
Nommé aussi "Robert Ier le Riche".
Les ruines de son château en Norvège se trouvent dans la banlieue sud d'Ålesund.

Banni du royaume de Norvège en 874, il prend la tête d'une bande de Vikings, essentiellement des Danois et des Novégiens, s'attaque principalement aux côtes de la Mer du Nord et de la Manche, remonte l'Escaut en pillant, et sert un temps comme mercenaire en Angleterre.
Il établit son camp à l'embouchure de la Seine en 896, remonte plusieurs fois le fleuve, prend Rouen et menace Paris qu'il assiège vainement en 910.

En 911, après avoir fait le siège de Chartres, le roi carolingien Charles le Simple lui abandonne (traité de Saint-Clair-sur-Epte) une partie de la Neustrie, dont le comté de Rouen, base du futur duché de Normandie. En échange, Rollon s'engage à empêcher d'autres bandes vikings de piller la Neustrie.

Il se fait baptiser en 912 en la cathédrale de Rouen sous le nom de Robert, du nom de Robert duc des Francs (ancêtre des futurs rois capétiens) son parrain de baptême.

Bien qu'étant considéré, à tort, comme étant le 1er duc de Normandie et le fondateur du duché normand, il ne porte pas le titre de « duc de Normandie » mais seulement celui de « jarl des Normands », l'équivalent scandinave de comte, et le titre de comte de Rouen.

La date de sa mort est incertaine. Selon les sources, elle diverge de 927 au plus tôt, à 933 au plus tard. Il meurt certainement à Rouen ou à Eu.

Selon le père Anselme, il est inhumé dans la cathédrale de Rouen puis sa dépouille transférée à l'abbaye de Fécamp dans la seconde moitié du Xe siècle, sous le duc Richard Sans-Peur, petit-fils de Rollon.

L'une de ses « frilla » les plus connues fut Poppa, fille du comte franc Béranger de Bayeux, tué en personne par Rollon lors de la prise de la ville, après son siège par ses Vikings (avant 910).

Après son baptême, il reçoit une épouse officielle, Giselle, une princesse capétienne fille de Charles le Simple, âgée d'à peine 4 ans.

Il associe son fils Guillaume à partir de 927.
-------------------------------------------------

is identified in Icelandic texts as the Rollo who conquered Neustria which was then renamed as Normandy.

Viking och 1:e Hertig av Normandie
Nordisk vikingahövding, erhöll före 918 av Karl den enfaldige land mot löfte
att värja det frankiska riket. Kring hans person har spunnits många sägner
och han kallas i den islänska litteraturen för "Gånge-Rolf", därför att
han var så reslig att ingen häst kunde bära honom.

Rollo (c. 860 - c. 932) var en vikinghøvding over et område som senere ble kjent som Normandie. I noen kilder blir han også omtalt som Robert av Normandie. Rollo ble stamfar til den berømte normanniske herskerslekten.

Navnet Rollo er et Frankisk-latin navn som trolig stammer fra det norrøne navnet Hrólf (Rolv) (jf. latiniseringen av Hrólf Kraki til Roluo i Gesta Danorum).

Rollo er oppført i flere skriftlige samtidskilder. Han var leder for de store styrkene av ?normannere? som på tidlig 900-tallet erobret området ved munningen av elva Seine i Frankrike. For at de skulle flytte bort ble Rollo gjennom Saint-Clair-sur-Epte-traktaten i 911 forlent av Karl den Enfoldige med grevskapet Rouen som deretter ble utvidet til det ?nordiske? hertugdømmet Normandie. Hertug er imidlertid en anakronistisk tittel som aldri ble brukt om Rollo. Greve av Rouen passer bedre for å beskrive Rollos myndighetsområde men tittelen Greve blir heller aldri brukt om Rollo. Derimot brukes princeps Nortmannorum i samtidige kilder både om Rollo, og sønnen Vilhelm Langsverd som omkring 927 overtok lenet. Rollo kan ha levd noen år etter dette men han er sikkert avgått med døden en gang før 933. Hans statue står oppført i dagens Rouen ved kirken St Ouen.

Rollos bakgrunn er sterkt omdiskutert. Den ikke spesielt etterrettelige normanniske historieskriveren Dudo av Saint-Quentin, som er hovedkilden, mener at Rollo var en fordrevet dansk kongssønn, sønn av en ?kong Erik?. Skriftlige kilder i kristne Europa skilte ikke mellom de nordiske rikene slik at denne påstanden om opprinnelessted bør kanskje betviles. Uansett har norsk og islandsk sagaoverlevering knyttet ham til Ragnvald Mørejarls sønn Gange-Rolv.

Kilder
D.C. Douglas, ?Rollo of Normandy?, English Historical Review, Vol. 57 (1942), pp. 414-436
Robert Helmerichs, [Rollo as Historical Figure]
Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish Kingdom under the Carolingians, 751-987, (Longman) 1983
Dudonis gesta Normannorum - Dudo of St. Quentin Gesta Normannorum latinsk versjon ved Bibliotheca Augustana
Dudo of St. Quentin's Gesta Normannorum - Engelsk oversettelse
Göngu-Hrólfs saga
Hentet fra ?http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo_av_Normandie?

AKA: Rollo

Rollo Duke of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=14218f79-34ec-42e7-baf8-ae170520a5ab&tid=1173601&pid=-1386640097

Rollo of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=1787fe00-0b8e-48e3-a6ee-2a8595d0d7fc&tid=1173601&pid=-1386640097

Rollo Duke of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=14218f79-34ec-42e7-baf8-ae170520a5ab&tid=1173601&pid=-1386640097

Rollo of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=1787fe00-0b8e-48e3-a6ee-2a8595d0d7fc&tid=1173601&pid=-1386640097

He was referred to as Jarl of Normandy in 911.

Tomb of Rollo of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=529eabf9-e40c-4d3d-a98b-ff90f4ad960f&tid=7412207&pid=-1098964334

Rollo of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=89ae5e39-59b9-47b6-a6f3-4838a88b72bc&tid=7412207&pid=-1098964334

Cronological_tree_william_I_svg
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=a79c56b0-29ec-47c3-a218-53733f547c8e&tid=7412207&pid=-1098964334

Rollo_statue_in_falaise
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=46c872b9-46e6-4c2b-94fb-f579bdd4adc1&tid=7412207&pid=-1098964334

Rollo_of_Normandy Grave
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=1ddeedf4-359c-4381-90fc-296b1a1e18bc&tid=7412207&pid=-1098964334

Rollo_Rouen
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=59eb4847-bbed-4407-a8ff-916a69cb7135&tid=7412207&pid=-1098964334

Rollo
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=bd4c1678-4f2a-46d3-8d86-c382743268ce&tid=7412207&pid=-1098964334

ANA: Rollo Duke of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=47b13bbf-28ac-4216-b717-efc545934708&tid=6650027&pid=-1175772967

Rollo Duke of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=869bf150-491a-4579-a926-f95105cbae80&tid=10524335&pid=-605829254

Rollo of Normandy
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=83c8a8b7-3e6c-4787-86fc-12e9a7328313&tid=10524335&pid=-605829254

Rollo van Normandië, (zie dezelfde persoon hierboven in generatie 33) ook bekend als Rolf, Robert, geb. ca. 846, ovl. waarsch. 928/31, ref. nr. 29.08.2004 ES II-79, INT,7,21 (zie info 621). Hij trouwde met Poppa van Bayeux, getrouwd 886.

_P_CCINFO 2-2438

EVEN:
TYPE Acceded
DATE 911

Rollo was the Frankish-Latin name taken by Hrolf Ganger (Rolf the Walker, because he was too big for any horse to carry him) He was also called Robert. His father was the 1st Earl of the Orkneys and Rollo was the 2nd son, and left home to find landttle not to plunder. He made a treaty with the French King Charles the Simple that, for being given land around Rouen, he would convert to Christianity and defend the Seine River from other raiding Vikings. This is today's upper Normandy and he pase Duchy of Normandy to his son, William Longsword. He was a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror and a direct ancestor of Elizabeth II

Randy Wilson, Overview Chart of Lineal Ancestors of King Edward
of England and Philippa of Hainault.

B.S. Bachrach 1993, Fulk Nerra, the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040,
Genealogy 10. Rollo, Count of Rouen, died 933.

First Duke of Normandy.

Index to Royal Genealogical Data, University of Hull WEB database,
1995. Became Duke 911. Originally Rolf the Ganger, he became known
as Robert or Rollo in Normandy.

Rollo = Rolf the Ganger = Rollo-Gange-Rolf = Gamego Rolf = Roll =
Rou = G'ngu-Hr~lfr = Rolof the Walker = Hrolf the Ganger. He is
reputedly to have been so large that he could not ride a horse, but
had to walk, i.e. gang afoot. Apparently, Rollo was one of the
northern raiders who seized land held by Charles the Simple (879-
929). By the Treaty of St. Clair-sur-Epte, Rollo paid homage to
Charles in 911. After an initial period of peace and
acculturization, the northerners again began to expand their
territories.

Parentage based on the Orkneying Saga of the late 12th century.
Norman sources say Rollo was of Danish origin. The identification of
Hrolf with Rollo as above may be suspect. Cf. Stewart Baldwin,
soc.genealogy.medieval, 21 March 1998.

Tom Aiken, 15 July 1997, soc.genealogy.medieval. Robert (Rollo) I,
ks. Normandii, 846-931.

Todd A. Farmerie, post to soc.genealogy.medieval, 8 January 1999.
Circa 870 - circa 930. Rollo may or may not be the son of Ragnwald
Eysteinsson.

LDS Ancestral File, 4 November 2001. Of Maer, Nord-Trondelag,
Norway. Died circa 891.

In the year 0911 Rollo laid siege to Chartres, but was repulsedby the forces of Charles III. However, the King saw theopportunity to achieve an accordance with the Vikings and hearranged a meeting with Rollo at St. Clair-sur-Epte (betweenParis and Rouen). A stained glass window in the chapel that wasthe site of the meeting commemorates the treaty struck at themeeting. Rollo was granted Normandy as a Dukedom and the titleCount of Rouen in return for his allegiance to Charles III.Rollo kept this bargain and was later baptised as a Christian.
Rollo's Vikings melded into the local culture fairly rapidly,taking local wives and concubines so that their children grew upspeaking the Frankish language. In time, most traces of the oldViking ways of Scandinavia and the Danelaw of Englanddisappeared from Normandy.
Also Rolf "the Walker", because, being so tall, he preferred togo afoot rather than ride the little Norwegian horses.
Second wife: Gisele, Duchess of Normandy, b. abt 0895 inNormandy, France; d. 0919 (Dsp?); married: bef 0915.
Conquered Normandy in 0912.

_P_CCINFO 1-3597

Rollo_statue_in_falaise
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=56ca1573-2803-4318-84af-1ed94099901d&tid=5378431&pid=-1299671346

Original individual @P2995295950@ (@MS_080525.GED0@) merged with @P2995253905@ (@MS_080525.GED0@)

Rollo The Dane, First Duke of Normandy, Also called Rolf theWalkerbecause, being so tall, he preferred to go afoot ratherthan ride thelittle Norwegain horses. Originally a NorseViking, he was noted forstrength and martial prowess.

Norwegian Viking settled at the mouth of the Seine. Afterfighting manybattles made an agreement with King Charles TheSimple- Received land inNormandy and became the 1st Duke ofNormandy. He had to become aChristian, but at his death heordered the sacrifice of 100 slaves(Showingthat he still heldto his Pagan beliefs)

Rollo eller Gånge-Rolf (fornvästnordiska Gòngu-Hrolfr). Skandinavisk vikingahövding som erhöll områden av Karl III (den enfaldige) i nordvästra Frankrike.(troligfen 911)

1 NAME Rollo or Ganger Rolf of /Normandy/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 BIRT 2 DATE ABT. 870 2 PLAC ,Maer, Norway 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 DEAT 2 PLAC ,Normandy, France 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001

[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: A. Roots 121E, 243A; Kraentzler 1160, 1443, 1453; RC 162, 166; Coe; Guizot; The Normans and Their Myth (chart) by R.H.C. Davis; Pfafman; WED Stokes; A History of the Vikings by Gwyn Jones; Ashley; Norr, p59. He established the Northmen in France and was the first Duke of Normandy. Count of Rouen. Conquered Normandy. Also known as Hrolf (Gongu-Hrolfr), Rollon, Ganger and Granger Rolf. WED says the area near "Mora, Norway, was the domain of the jarl of More, whose son Hrolf, with his followers...in 911 settled in the district later known as Normandy." Roots: Ganger Rolf, "the Viking (or Rollo), banished from Norway to the Hebrides ca. 876; 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, where Count Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his daughter Poppa taken, 886, by Rollo (now called Count of Rouen) as his "Danish" wife. Under Treaty of St. Clair, 911, received the Duchy of Normandy from Charles III, "the Simple." Davis: Rollo, ruler of Normandy from 911-931. The dukes of Normandy free married with non-Scandinavians. "Rollo is said to have married the daughter of the Frankish king and to have had his son by the daughter of a Frankish count. That son, William, married the daughter of a Frankish count and had his son, Richard, by a Breton. None of the dukes' wives came from Scandinavia or England, and by the first half of the 11th century their family connections were typically French." An early historian, Dudo, said Rollo was Danish.
Ashley: Count Rolllo or Rolf the Viking., died 993? Norr: Rollo or Rolf, 1st duke of Normandy 912-917-(927), born about 856. He was of the same Danish origin as the ancestors of the English which his descendants conquered in 1066.
Norwegian Viking settled at mouth of Seine. After fighting many battles, made an agreement with King Charles 'The Simple' - received land in Normandie and 911 became 1st Duc de Normandie and vassel of King.

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Voorouders (en nakomelingen) van Rollo Ragnvaldsson

Eystein «the Noisy» Ivarsson
± 810-± 870

Ascrida Rognvaldsdatter
± 812-± 890

Hrolf 'Nose' Nefja
± 768-± 807

Ragnvald Eysteinsson
825-894

Ragnhild Hrólfsdóttir
± 848-892

Rollo Ragnvaldsson
± 860-930

886

Poppa de Bayeux
± 872-930



				Geirlaug Hrólfsdóttir ± 897-962		William FitzRobert ± 891-± 942

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Historische gebeurtenissen

Doopdag 12 april 1904

Doopdag 12 april 1904

De temperatuur op 12 april 1904 lag tussen -1.2 °C en 13,4 °C en was gemiddeld 7,7 °C. Er was 4,9 uur zonneschijn (36%). De gemiddelde windsnelheid was 4 Bft (matige wind) en kwam overheersend uit het zuid-oosten. Bron: KNMI
Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was van 1890 tot 1948 vorst van Nederland (ook wel Koninkrijk der Nederlanden genoemd)
Van 1 augustus 1901 tot 16 augustus 1905 was er in Nederland het kabinet Kuijper met als eerste minister Dr. A. Kuijper (AR).
In het jaar 1904: Bron: Wikipedia
- Nederland had zo'n 5,4 miljoen inwoners.
- 4 februari » De stoomtrawler Judith uit Vlaardingen vergaat, 9 doden.
- 9 februari » Frankrijk en Groot-Brittannië sluiten de Entente cordiale.
- 15 juni » Het stoomschip de General Slocum vat vlam in de haven van New York. Meer dan 1000 personen, voornamelijk vrouwen en kinderen uit de wijk Little Germany, laten het leven.
- 29 juni » In Drenthe worden twee prehistorische veenlijken gevonden: het paar van Weerdinge.
- 4 juli » Oprichting van de Duitse voetbalclub Borussia Fulda.
- 6 november » In de haven van Moerdijk zinkt een houten aak nadat het schip lek is gestoten, 5 opvarenden verdrinken.

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Over de familienaam Ragnvaldsson

- Viking leader of Normandy.
For more information see the Our Folk - Hart family Web Site