Harrower Family Tree » Robert the Bruce (1274-1329)

Persoonlijke gegevens Robert the Bruce 

• Hij is geboren op 11 juli 1274.Bronnen 1, 2

  Writtle, Chelmsford, Essex County, England

• Titel: King of Scotland, Guardian of Scotland, Earl of Carrick, 7th Lord of AnnandaleBron 1
• Beroep: tussen 1298 en 1300 Guardian of the Kingdom of Scotland (Regent).Bron 1
• (Coronation) op 25 maart 1306 in Old Scone, Perthshire, Scotland.Bron 1
• (King of Scotland) tussen 25 maart 1306 en 7 juni 1329 in Scotland.Bron 1
• (Created) op 17 maart 1328: Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton.Bron 3
• (Battle of Bannockburn) tussen 23 en 24 juni 1314 in Bannockburn, Stirlingshire, Scotland.Bron 4
• Hij is overleden op 7 juni 1329 in Cardross, Argyll, Scotland, hij was toen 54 jaar oud.Bron 1
• Hij is begraven op 14 juni 1329 in Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland.Bron 1
• Een kind van Robert de Brus en Marjory or Margaret Carrick

Gezin van Robert the Bruce

(1) Hij is getrouwd met Isabella of Mar.

Zij zijn getrouwd rond 1295.Bron 1

Kind(eren):

1. Marjorie Bruce  1296-1316 

(2) Hij is getrouwd met Elizabeth de Burgh.

Zij zijn getrouwd rond 1302.Bron 1

Kind(eren):

1. David Bruce  1324-1371
2. John Bruce  1324-????
3. Matilda Maud Bruce  1303-1353
4. Margaret Bruce  1320-????
5. Elizabeth Bruce  
6. Robert Bruce  ????-1332

Notities over Robert the Bruce

Robert the Bruce
BIRTH 11 Jul 1274 Girvan, South Ayrshire, Scotland/Writtle, Chelmsford, Essex County, England
DEATH 7 Jun 1329 (aged 54) Cardross, Argyll and Bute, Scotland
BURIAL Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland

Scottish Monarch. Robert was the first son of Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale and Marjorie, Countess of Carrick. When the Scottish revolt against Edward I broke out in July 1297, James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland lead a group of Scots, including young Robert into patriotic resistance. Commands were sent ordering Bruce to support Edward I, yet Robert resisted, continuing to support the revolt. On July 7, Bruce agreed to terms with Edward by a treaty called the Capitulation of Irvine and was pardoned for his recent violence in return for swearing allegiance to King Edward. Shortly after the Battle of Stirling Bridge, Bruce again defected to the Scots. He attacked Annandale and the English-held castle of Ayr. When William Wallace resigned as Guardian of Scotland after his defeat at the Battle of Falkirk he was succeeded by Robert Bruce and John Comyn as joint Guardians. The two men could not work beyond their personal differences and Robert finally resigned as joint Guardian. In July, 1301 King Edward I launched his sixth campaign into Scotland. It was around this time that Robert the Bruce submitted to Edward. However his wavering support of both the English and Scottish armies had led to a great deal of distrust towards Bruce among the community. John Comyn, a much stauncher opponent of the English, had become the most powerful noble in Scotland. In the summer of 1305 John Comyn swore in a secret agreement to forfeit his claim to the Scottish throne in favor of Robert Bruce upon receipt of the Bruce lands in Scotland. Comyn betrayed his agreement with Bruce to King Edward I, and was accused of treachery by Robert. Comyn and Robert met in the Chapel of Greyfriars Monastery in Dumfries on February 10, 1306, where Robert killed Comyn before the high altar. Bruce asserted his claim to the Scottish crown and began his campaign by force for the independence of Scotland. Six weeks after Comyn was killed in Dumfries, Bruce was crowned King of Scots by Bishop William de Lamberton at Scone, near Perth on March 25, 1306. On July 7, King Edward I died, leaving his heir, Edward II, to rule. In April, 1307 Bruce won a small victory over the English at the Battle of Glen Trool, before defeating Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke at the Battle of Loudoun Hill. In March 1309, he held his first Parliament at St. Andrews, and by August, he controlled all of Scotland north of the River Tay. The next three years saw a host of battles: Linlithgow in 1310, Dumbarton in 1311, Perth in 1312, Castle Rushen in Castletown in 1313, Stirling Castle in 1314 and the Battle of Bannockburn, in which Robert secured Scottish independence from England. Robert had been suffering from a serious illness first documented in 1327. It is thought that he may have suffered from one of many diseases, including leprosy, tuberculosis, syphilis or even a neurologic deficit. His last journey was a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Ninian at Whithorn. Robert died June 7, 1329, at the Manor of Cardross, near Dumbarton. The king's body was embalmed and his sternum was sawn to allow extraction of the heart, which Sir James Douglas placed in a silver casket to be worn on a chain around his neck, then to be taken on a crusade against the Saracens and carried to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, before being brought back to Scotland. The body was taken to Dunfermline Abbey, and Robert I was interred beneath the high altar. On February 17, 1818, workmen breaking ground for the new parish church to be built on the site of the ancient Dunfermline Abbey uncovered a vault before the location of the former abbey high altar. On November 5, 1819 the remains of a wood coffin, containing a skeleton shrouded in gold cloth were exhumed. The sternum was found to have been sawn open from top to bottom. Robert the Bruce's remains were ceremonially re-interred in the vault in Dunfermline Abbey on November 5, 1819. They were placed in a new lead coffin, into which was poured 1,500 pounds of molten pitch to preserve the remains, before the coffin was sealed.

Bio by: Sean McKim

Family Members

Parents
Robert Bruce Earl of Carrick 1243-1304
Marjory Campbell De Brus 1254-1292

Spouse
Elizabeth De Burgh 1284-1327

Siblings
Isabel Bruce Bruce 1272-1358
Christina Bruce Murray 1278-1357
Neil Nigel Bruce 1279-1306
Edward de Bruce 1280-1318
Mary Bruce Fraser 1282-1323
Margaret Bruce Carlyle 1283 - unknown
Thomas Bruce 1284-1307
Alexander Bruce 1285-1307
Elizabeth de Bruce Dishington 1287 - unknown
Matilda Bruce Ross 1290 - unknown

Children
Marjorie Bruce 1296-1316
Elizabeth Bruce Oliphant
David Bruce 1324-1371
John Bruce 1324-unknown (died young)
Robert Bruce unknown-1332
Matilda Maud Bruce Ross 1282-1332
Margaret Brus Glen 1320 - unknown

Robert I
FATHER: Robert.
He was the son of Robert le Brus, Lord of Annandale (d.1295) (who was the son of Isabella ‘the Scot’ of Huntingdon, a greatgranddaughter of David I), by Christina (d.c.1305), daughter of Sir William de Ireby, and he was born in July, 1243. He married Margaret, Countess of Carrick, in 1271 at Turnberry Castle, and became Earl of Carrick in right of his wife. He resigned this earldom in favour of his son Robert on 27 October, 1292. After Margaret died, he married secondly, after 1292, a lady called Eleanor, whose origins are unknown. (After his death, she married secondly Sir Richard le Waleys of Burgh Wallis, Yorks., (d. after 1336) between 2 December, 1304, and 8 February, 1306, and had issue, although no details are available. She died between 13 April and 8 September, 1331.) Robert le Brus succeeded his father as Lord of Annandale before 4 July, 1295, and died shortly before 4 April, 1304, either in England or in Palestine. He was buried in the Abbey of Holm Cultram.
MOTHER: Margaret or Marjorie She was the daughter of Neil, 2nd Earl of Carrick, by Margaret, daughter of Walter, High Steward of Scotland. She succeededher father to the earldom of Carrick, in 1256. She married firstly
Adam de Kilconquhar, 3rd Earl of Carrick (d.1268), before 4
October, 1266. She died before 9 November, 1292.
SIBLINGS:
1 Isabella
She was born in c.1275. She married Eric II, King of Norway
(1268- 1300) (who had previously been married to Margaret,
daughter of Alexander III, and by her had been the father of the
Maid of Norway), before 25 September, 1293, and had issue:
1 Ingibiorg (1297?-?); she married Waldemar, Duke of Finland (murdered 1318).
Isabella died in 1358.
2 Edward
He was created Lord of Galloway before 16 March, 1309, and Earl of Carrick before 24 October, 1313. He became King of Ireland, and was crowned on 2 May, 1316. He was killed on 14 October, 1318, at the Battle of Dundall, Ireland.
Edward had the following illegitimate issue (and also below):
1 Thomas de Bruce.
Edward is said to have married firstly (although no evidence exists as to where):
Isabella
She was the daughter of John of Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl, by Margaret, daughter of Donald, 6th Earl of Mar. There is little sound evidence for her marriage to Edward, and it is thought likely that she was only his mistress. She died before 1 June, 1317. Issue of marriage or liaison:
(i) Alexander de Bruce, Earl of Carrick (killed 1333);
he married
Eleanor, daughter of Sir Archibald Douglas.
Edward married secondly, after 1 June, 1317 (date of dispensation) (although no evidence exists as to where):
Isabella
She was the daughter of William, 5th Earl of Ross. No further details of her are recorded.
3 Neil
He was executed in 1306 at Berwick by the English.
4 Thomas
He rose to the rank of knight, and was executed in 1307 at Carlisle Castle by the English. Thomas married (although no record exists of the date or the place):
Helen
She was the daughter of Sir John Erskine. Her dates are not recorded.
5 Alexander
He was appointed Dean of Glasgow, and executed in 1307 at Carlisle Castle by the English.
6 Mary
She married firstly Sir Neil Campbell of Lochawe (d.c.1316),
probably after Michaelmas, 1312, and had issue:
1 John of Lochawe, Earl of Atholl (1313?-killed 1333); he married Joan, daughter of Sir John Menteith of Rusky and Knapdale.
2 Dougal; he married and had issue.
3 Duncan (?); he is said to have married and had issue, but the evidence for his existence is unsatisfactory.
Mary married secondly Sir Alexander Fraser (killed 1332) in c.1316, and had issue:
1 John of Touch Fraser (1317?-died in early manhood); he married an unknown lady and had issue.
2 William, a knight (1318?-killed 1346); he married Margaret (d.1364), said to have been the daughter of Sir Andrew Moray of Bothwell, and had issue. Mary died before 22 September, 1323.
7 Christina or Christian
She married firstly Gartnait, Earl of Mar (d.1305), in c.1292, and had issue:
1 Donald, 8th Earl of Mar (killed 1332); he married Isabella (d.1347), perhaps the daughter of Sir Alexander Stewart of Bonkyll, and had issue.
2 Helen (d. after 1342); she married firstly Sir John Menteith, Lord of Arran, and had issue, and secondly Sir James Garioch (?).
Christina married secondly Christopher Seton (executed 1306) in 1305/6. She married thirdly Sir Andrew Murray of Bothwell (1298-1338) after 12 October, 1325 (date of dispensation), and
had issue:
1 John, a knight (d.1352); he married Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith ( see here, under Robert II).
2 Thomas, a knight (d.1361); he married Joan, daughter of Maurice Moray, Earl of Strathearn.
Christina died in 1356/7 ‘at a great age’.
8 Margaret
She married Sir William de Carlyle (d. by 1329), and had issue:
1 William, a knight (d.1347).
2 John (d.1347); married and had issue.
9 Matilda
She married Hugh, 6th Earl of Ross (killed 1333), in c.1308, and had issue:
1 Matilda or Marjorie (d. after 1350); she married Malise, Earl of Strathearn and Caithness (d.1344/57).
2 William, 7th Earl of Ross (d.1372); he married Mary, daughter of Angus Og, Lord of the Isles, and had issue.
Matilda died between 1323 and 1329, and was buried at Fearn, Scotland.
10 Son (name not known) He probably died young.
ROBERT I
Known as ‘the Bruce’, he was born on 11 July, 1274, probably at Writtle, near Chelmsford, Essex. He succeeded his father as Earl of Carrick on 27 October, 1292, and as Lord of Annandale either in
1295 (?) or in 1304. On 25 or 27 March, 1306, he assumed the Crown and Royal Dignity of Scotland, thus bringing to an end the Second Interregnum. This he did in defiance of Edward I of England, who had declared his English estates forfeit on 20 February, 1305/6.
Robert I was crowned on 27 March, 1306, at Scone Abbey, Perthshire.
Robert I married firstly, in c.1295 (although no evidence exists as to where):
Isabella
She was the daughter of Donald, 6th Earl of Mar, by his wife Helen, who was said to have been an illegitimate daughter of Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales. Isabella was dead by 1302.
Issue of marriage:
1 Marjorie
She was born in c.1297. ( see here, under Robert II).
Robert I married secondly, in c.1302 (although no evidence exists as to where):
Elizabeth
She was the daughter of Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster and Connaught, by Margaret, daughter of John de Burgh. She died on 26 October, 1327, at Cullen Castle, Banffshire, and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife.
Issue of marriage:
1 Margaret
She married William, 5th Earl of Sutherland (d.1371), between 2 August and 28 September, 1345, and had issue:
1 John, Master of Sutherland (1346?-1361).
Margaret died between 30 March, 1346, and 9 November, 1347 in childbed.
2 Matilda
She married Thomas Isaac, and had issue:
1 Joan; she married John, Lord of Lorne.
2 Katherine.
Matilda died on 20 July, 1353, at Aberdeen, and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife.
3 David II ( see here).
4 John
He was born in October, 1327, and died young. He was buried in Restennet Priory, Forfarshire.
Robert I also had the following illegitimate issue:
1 Robert, Baron of Liddesdale (killed 1332).
2 Neil or Nigel of Carrick, a knight (d.1346).
3 Walter of Odistoun (?); probably spurious.
4 Christina of Carrick.
5 Margaret (d. after 1364); she married Robert Glen.6 Elizabeth; she married Sir Walter Oliphant of Aberdalgie (d. after 1378), and had issue.
ROBERT I He died on 7 June, 1329, at Cardross Castle, Dumbartonshire, and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife.
He was succeeded by his son David.

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