Hij is getrouwd met Poppa.
Zij zijn getrouwd rond 886.Bron 1
Kind(eren):
ROLLO ["Ganger" Hrolf], son of [RAGNVALD "the Wise" Jarl of Möre in Norway & his wife Ragnhild ---] (-Rouen [928/33], bur ---, transferred [1064] to Rouen Cathedral[6]). The parentage of Rollo/Rolf is uncertain and the chronology of his life confused. Richer names "Rollone filio Catilli" as leader of the Vikings who raided along the Loire and against whom "Robertus Celticæ Galliæ dux" campaigned[7]. No further reference has been found to "Catillus/Ketel". Flodoard provides no information on Rollo´s ancestry. The early 12th century William of Malmesbury states that "Rollo [was] born of noble lineage among the Norwegians, though obsolete from its extreme antiquity" and adds that he was "banished by the king´s command from his own country"[8]. The later Orkneyinga Saga is more specific, naming Hrolf who conquered Normandy as son of Earl Rognwald and his wife Ragnhild the daughter of Hrolf Nose, adding that he was so big that no horse could carry him, giving rise to his name Göngu-Hrolf[9]. Snorre names "Rolf and Thorer" as the two sons of "Earl Ragnvald" and his wife Hild, recording that Rolf was banished from Norway by King Harald and travelled to the Hebrides, settling first in Orkney before moving southwards through Scotland, and eventually conquering Normandy[10]. The Historia Norwegie records that, after Orkney was conquered by "principi Rogwaldi" and his followers, "de quorum collegio Rodulfus" captured Rouen in Normandy, commenting that he was known as "Gongurolfr" because he was obliged to walk as he was too large to travel on horseback[11]. This source makes no reference to any blood relationship between Rollo and "principi Rogwaldi". Guillaume de Jumièges refers to an unnamed Danish warrior dux who left two sons maior natu Rollo, alter...iunior Gurim[12]. He records that the king of Denmark defeated the two brothers and killed Gorm, that Rollo fled the country for Scanzam insulam, from where he went ad Anglos, and made peace with "rex Anglorum...Alstemus"[13]. If this refers to Æthelstan King of Wessex, the account must be confused given King Æthelstan´s accession in 924. Freeman suggests that Guillaume de Jumièges must be referring to "Guthrum-Æthelstan of East-Anglia"[14], although this does not resolve the chronological problems assuming that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is correct in recording Guthrum´s death in 890[15]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Rollo attacked Walgrenses...gens barbara, devastated in Walgras allied with Alstemus rex Anglorum, and defeated Rainerium Longi-colli Hasbacensme et Hainaucensem ducem et Radebodum Frisiæ regionis principem whose help Walgris had sought[16]. The same source records that "Dani cum suo duce Rollone" left Scaldi [Schelde river] in 876, sailed Sequanica [Seine] and arrived at Gemmeticum [Jumièges] where they deposited the body of virginis Amaltrudæ which they had transported a Britannia[17]. Orderic Vitalis records that "xxx annis post cladem Hastingi [dated to 851 in other sources, see the document CENTRAL FRANCE NOBILITY], Rollo dux cum valida Danorum juventute" entered Neustriam, besieged Paris for four years and captured Bayeux (Baiocas)[18]. The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis records that venit Rollo in Normannia V Kal Dec in 876[19]. The date 876 is stretched from a chronological point of view: Houts suggests that it should be corrected to [900][20]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Rollo" took Rothomo [Rouen], sailed to "apud Hasdans quæ Archis dicitur", that Rainaldus totius Franciæ dux led his army to meet them super Authuræ fluvium and sent Hastingum from Carnotena urbe [Chartres] in an unsuccessful attempt at negotiation, that Rotlandus signifer Rainaldi was killed in the ensuing battle and that Rollo captured Mellenti municipium[21]. Guillaume de Jumièges also records that "Rainaldus" was killed in battle during a later campaign, that Rollo besieged Paris, captured Baiocasensem urbem [Bayeux] along with "nobilissimam puellam...Popam filiam...Berengarii illustris viri" whom he married more Danico and by whom he had Willelmum...filiamque...Gerloc, before capturing Ebroicam civitatem where he killed episcopum...Sibor[22]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Rollo besieged Carnotenam urbem [Chartres] but was forced to withdraw by "Richardus Burgundionum dux...cum...Antelmus episcopus"[23]. William of Malmesbury records that "Rollo experienced a check at Chartres" but escaped the "plentiful slaughter" of the Vikings by the townspeople, before capturing Rouen "in 876"[24]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks granted "terram maritimam ab Eptæ flumine usque ad Britannicos limites" together with "sua filia...Gisla" to Rollo who renounced his campaigns, that the king added "tota Britannia" and that ipsius provinciæ principibus Berengerio atque Alanno swore allegiance to Rollo[25]. The charter which confirms the original grant (assuming that there was such a document) has not survived. However, the grant of land is inferred from a charter dated 14 Mar 918, under which land was donated to the monastery of Saint-Germain-des-Prés specifying that the donation excluded "that part which we have granted to the Normans of the Seine, namely to Rollo and his companions"[26]. The uncertain nature of the demise was the source of future conflict between the French crown, which claimed that Normandy was an enfeofment for which the ruling duke owed allegiance, and the later dukes of Normandy, who claimed that it was an unconditional allod for which no allegiance was owed[27]. The version of events recorded by Flodoard provides a different slant and names two Viking leaders. Firstly, Flodoard records that in 923 "Ragenoldus princeps Nortmannorum" who occupied "in fluvio Ligeri" devastated "Franciam trans Isaram", that "Nortmanni" made peace in 924 "cum Francis", that King Raoul granted them "Cinomannis et Baiocæ" [Maine and Bayeux], but that "Raginoldus cum suis Nortmannis" devasted the land between the Loire and the Seine[28]. This passage makes no mention of the supposed earlier grant of land along the shore. Secondly, the same source records that "Raginoldus cum suis Nortmannis" devasted Burgundy in 925, that Héribert [II] Comte de Vermandois besieged Norman castles "super Sequanam", that "Nortmanni" devastated "pagum Belvacensem atque Ambianensem" [Beauvais and Amboise], while Comte Héribert and Arnoul Count of Flanders forced "Rollo princeps" from his strongholds[29]. Thirdly, Flodoard states that "Hugo filius Rotberti et Heribertus comes" campaigned against "Nortmannos" in 927, that "filius Rollonis" did homage to ex-king Charles at "castellum Auga", and that "Rollo" held "filius Heriberti Odo" as a hostage in 928, which suggests some sort of alliance between Rollo and Comte Héribert[30]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Rollo was baptised in 912 by "Francone archiepiscopo", adopting the name ROBERT after "Rodbertus dux" who acted as his sponsor, and records the donations he made at the time to various religious institutions[31]. William of Malmesbury records that "it was determined by treaty, that [Rollo] should be baptised, and hold the country of the king as his lord"[32]. William of Malmesbury records that Rollo died at Rouen[33]. The date of his death is uncertain: Flodoard names Rollo as living in 928 (see above) but the same source names "Willelmus princeps Nortmannorum" in 933[34]. The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis records the death of Rollo in 917 and the succession of Guillelmus filius eius[35]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Rollo et Willelmus filius eius" were buried "apud Rothomagum in ecclesia beatæ Mariæ"[36]. Orderic Vitalis implies that the transfer of Robert's body to Rouen Cathedral took place after the "the ninth year" in office of Archbishop Maurilius, who had succeeded Mauger de Normandie[37], which would date the event to [1064]. He is known to history as ROBERT I Comte [de Normandie], although no early source has been identified which refers to him by this name or title.
[m] [firstly] ---. The identity of Rollo´s first wife or concubine is not known.
m [secondly] ([886] or after, repudiated, remarried after 912) POPPA, daughter of BERENGAR Comte de Bayeux & his wife ---. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Rollo captured Baiocasensem urbem [Bayeux] along with "nobilissimam puellam...Popam filiam...Berengarii illustris viri" whom he married more Danico and by whom he had Willelmum...filiamque...Gerloc[38]. Orderic Vitalis records that "xxx annis post cladem Hastingi [dated to 851 in other sources, see the document CENTRAL FRANCE NOBILITY], Rollo dux cum valida Danorum juventute" entered Neustriam, captured Bayeux (Baiocas), killed Berengarium comitem and married Popam...filiam eius[39]. The Chronico Rotomagensis records that "mortua a Gisla, accepit Rollo propriam uxorem filiam comitis Silvanectensis Widonis"[40]. Robert of Torigny combines the information, recording that "Rollo dux Northmannorum" married "Popam prius repudiatam uxorem filiam Berengarii comitis Baiocensis neptem vero Widonis comitis Silvanectensis"[41]. The Historia Norwegie records that, after capturing Rouen, "Rodulfus" married the daughter of its deceased count by whom he was father of "Willelmum Longosped"[42]. Another indication of Poppa´s family origin is provided by Guillaume of Jumièges who records that Louis IV King of the West Franks, after the death of the father [Poppa´s son Guillaume I Longuespée] of Richard I Comte [de Normandie], marched on Rouen, was received by Rodulphus et Bernardus atque Anslech totius Normannici ducatus tutores, and captured Richard, who was taken to Laon but was freed by Osmundus...consilio cum Yvone patre Willelmi de Belismo and taken to Silvanectis where Bernardus...comes [presumably identifiable as Bernard [II] Comte de Senlis, who, assuming that the reconstruction proposed in the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY is correct, was Poppa´s uterine half-brother] protected nepotem suum Richardum[43]. It would be possible to reconcile the different versions if Comte Bernard's mother was married twice, her first husband being Bérenger Comte de Bayeux. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Rollo married "repudiatam Poppa" again after the death of his wife [Gisela][44].
m [thirdly] (912) GISELA, daughter of CHARLES III "le Simple" King of the West Franks & his first wife Frederuna --- ([908/16]-before her husband). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Hyrmintrudim, Frederunam, Adelheidim, Gislam, Rotrudim et Hildegardim" as the children of "Karolus rex ex Frederuna regina"[45]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks granted "terram maritimam ab Eptæ flumine usque ad Britannicos limites" together with "sua filia...Gisla" to Rollo who renounced his campaigns, in a later passage their marriage, and in a subsequent chapter the fact that she died childless[46]. Her marriage is recorded in the Norman annals for 912, which state that she died without issue, presumably soon after the marriage when Gisela must still have been an infant. The chronicle of Dudo of Saint-Quentin[47] describes her as of "tall stature, most elegant ", which is of course inconsistent with her supposed birth date range. The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage of "filiam suam [=rex Karolus] nomine Gillam" to "Rollo"[48]. Settipani considers that the marriage did not occur, and that the Norman sources confused it with the marriage of Gisela, daughter of Lothaire II King of Lotharingia, to the Viking leader Gotfrid[49].
[6] Chibnall, M. (ed. and trans.) The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80), Book V, p. 91.
[7] Guadet, J. (ed.) (1845) Richeri Historiarum (Paris), Tome I, I, XXVIII, p. 62.
[8] Sharpe, Rev. J. (trans.), revised Stephenson, Rev. J. (1854) William of Malmesbury, The Kings before the Norman Conquest (Seeleys, London, reprint Llanerch, 1989), II, 127, p. 110.
[9] Orkneyinga Saga 4, p. 26.
[10] Snorre, Harald Harfager's Saga, 24.
[11] Historia Norwegie VI, p. 66.
[12] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, I, p. 221.
[13] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, II, III, IV and VI, p. 221-5.
[14] Freeman (1877), Vol. I, 3rd. Edn, pp. 165-6.
[15] Garmonsway, G. N. (trans) (1972) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (Dent), A and E 890.
[16] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, VIII, p. 226.
[17] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, IX, p. 227.
[18] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, I, p. 7.
[19] Labbé, P. (ed.) (1657) Novæ Bibliothecæ Manuscript Librorum, Tome I (Paris), Chronicon Duplex Sancti Michaelis in periculo maris, (Chronicon Sancti Michaelis (Labbé, Tome I 1657), p. 348.
[20] Houts, E. van (ed. and trans.) (2000) The Normans in Europe (Manchester University Press), p. 14.
[21] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, X, p. 228.
[22] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, XII, p. 229.
[23] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, XV, p. 230.
[24] William of Malmesbury, II, 127, p. 110.
[25] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, XVII, p. 230.
[26] Houts (2000), p. 25.
[27] Houts (2000), p. 185.
[28] Flodoardi Annales, 924, MGH SS III, p. 374.
[29] Flodoardi Annales, 925, MGH SS III, pp. 374-5.
[30] Flodoardi Annales, 927 and 928, MGH SS III, pp. 377-8.
[31] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, XVIII, p. 231.
[32] William of Malmesbury, II, 127, p. 111.
[33] William of Malmesbury, II, 127, p. 111.
[34] Flodoardi Annales, 933, MGH SS III, p. 381.
[35] Labbé, P. (ed.) (1657) Novæ Bibliothecæ Manuscript Librorum, Tome I (Paris), Chronicon Duplex Sancti Michaelis in periculo maris, (Chronicon Sancti Michaelis (Labbé, Tome I 1657), p. 348.
[36] Giles, I. A. (ed.) (1845) Scriptores rerum gestarum Willelmi Conquestoris (London) Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris, p. 14.
[37] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 91.
[38] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, XII, p. 229.
[39] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, I, p. 7.
[40] Chronico Rotomagensis 913, RHGF IX, p. 88.
[41] Delisle, L. (ed.) (1872) Chronique de Robert de Torigni, abbé de Mont-Saint-Michel (Rouen), Vol. I, 912, p. 14.
[42] Historia Norwegie VI, pp. 66 and 68.
[43] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber IV, II, III, IV, pp. 239-40.
[44] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, XXII, p. 233.
[45] Genealogiæ Comitum Flandriæ, Witgeri Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis MGH SS IX, p. 303.
[46] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber II, XVII, XIX, XXII, pp. 230 and 232-3.
[47] Felice Lifshitz (ed.) Dudo of St Quentin's Gesta Normannorum, The Online Reference Book for Medieval Sources, <http://orb.rhodes.edu/ORB_done/Dudo/dudindex.html> (6 Jan 2003), Chapter 12.
[48] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus MGH SS IX, p. 381, undated but the following sentence records the baptism of Rollo in 912 by "Franco Rothomagensis archiepiscopus" which presumably indicates that the two events were simultaneous or at least related.
[49] Settipani (1993), p. 326.
Bron: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY.htm#RobertIdied928
Rollo (ca. 860 927-932), later gedoopt als Robert, was een Viking-krijgsheer. Mogelijk dient hij vereenzelvigd te worden met Hrolf Ganger (Oudnoords voor Hrolf de Wandelaar). Hij zou zo genoemd zijn omdat hij een grote en zware man was en geen paard sterk genoeg was om hem te dragen en hij dus altijd moest lopen. In ieder geval is Rollo een Latijnse of Franse versie van de naam Hrolf.
Rollo zou een zoon zijn van Rognvald Eysteinsson en Ragnhilda. Na de dood van zijn vader moest hij vluchten uit Noorwegen. Hij is eerst naar familie op de Orkney-eilanden getrokken, en daarna naar familie op de Hebriden. In deze tijd is hij met een onbekende Keltische vrouw getrouwd. Uiteindelijk vestigde hij zich in Deens Engeland. Van daaruit gaf hij leiding aan een gezamenlijk Deens-Noors-Engelse plundertocht in Groter-Friesland en langs de benedenloop van de Rijn.
In 885 was hij een van de aanvoerders van de Vikingen tijdens het beleg van Parijs. Nadat het beleg was opgeheven leidde hij een plundertocht door Bourgondië.
In 896 doodde hij graaf Berengar van Bayeux (markgraaf van Neustrië), die eerdere Vikingaanvallen had afgeslagen, en nam zijn dochter Poppa tot vrouw.
In 911 werd Rollo tijdens een nieuwe strooptocht verslagen bij Chartres. Koning Karel de Eenvoudige besloot echter zaken met Rollo te doen en gaf hem met het Verdrag van Saint-Clair-sur-Epte het gebied rond de Seine-monding in leen, met Rouen als hoofdstad. Rollo nam daarmee de verplichting op zich om de rivier (en dus de stad Parijs) te verdedigen tegen andere Vikingen. Rollo liet zich dopen, scheidde van Poppa en trouwde met Gisela - een dochter van Karel. Volgens de overlevering was er een groot protocollair probleem: om leenman te worden moest Rollo knielen voor de koning en zijn voet kussen maar hij weigerde dat te doen. Bij wijze van compromis zou een van zijn ondergeschikten dat doen maar die wilde ook niet knielen maar bukte, pakte de voet van de koning en tilde die zover op dat de koning zijn evenwicht verloor en achterover viel. Rollo trouwde in 919 weer met Poppa nadat Gisela was overleden.
Rollo heeft zich goed aan de afspraak gehouden om de Seine tegen andere Vikingen te verdedigen. Maar wel bleef hij zelf oorlog voeren en plundertochten houden in de rest van West-Francië. Hij breidde zijn macht uit tot de rivier de Vire maar bracht na verloop van tijd wel rust in zijn eigen graafschap. Daardoor konden de kloosterlingen van Rouen terugkeren naar hun kloosters, met hun relieken en kostbaarheden.
In 923 hield Rollo nog een plundertocht, samen met de Vikingen die zich aan de Loire hadden gevestigd. Koning Rudolf, Herbert II van Vermandois en Hugo de Grote, probeerden hem te onderwerpen maar werden in 924 door Rollo verslagen. Rudolf was gedwongen om Rollo ook de omgeving van Bayeux en Caen in leen te geven. Daarmee kreeg Normandië ongeveer zijn huidige vorm. In 925 hield Rollo een veroverings- en plundertocht naar Vlaanderen, Amiens en Noyon. Koning Rudolf en Herbert van Vermandois vielen daarop Normandië binnen maar werden door Rollo tegengehouden. Wel kreeg hij toen te maken met een opstand in de regio rond Bayeux en een tegenaanval van Arnulf I van Vlaanderen. Die veroverde Eu en verbrandde de versterking met allen die daarin waren. Door bemiddeling van Hugo de Grote werd een vrede gesloten waarbij Rollo al zijn Vlaamse veroveringen weer afstond.
Rollo was weliswaar gedoopt maar bleef zijn leven lang zijn oude geloof trouw en voedde ook zijn kinderen daarin op. Volgens de overlevering liet hij voor zijn dood 100 christelijke gevangenen doden, ter ere van de Noorse goden, en verdeelde hij 100 pond goud over een aantal kerken, blijkbaar om zich zo dubbel te verzekeren van een goed hiernamaals. Rollo is begraven in de kathedraal van Rouen.
Rollo was driemaal gehuwd. Uit zijn eerste huwelijk met een onbekende Keltische vrouw kreeg hij:
mogelijk Kadline, die met een Schotse koning zou zijn getrouwd
mogelijk Niederga
Ongeveer 886 trouwde hij Poppa (ca. 870 - na 919), dochter van Berengar van Bayeux. Rollo scheidde haar in 912 maar ze hertrouwden in 919. Zij kregen de volgende kinderen:
Willem I van Normandië, die zijn vader opvolgde als graaf van Normandië. Zijn afstammeling Willem de Veroveraar veroverde in 1066 Engeland.
Gerloc (917 - na 969), na haar doop Adela genoemd, trouwde in 935 met Willem III van Aquitanië
Het huwelijk met Gisela, buitenechtelijke dochter van Karel de Eenvoudige, bleef kinderloos.
Bron: Wikipedia
http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY.htm#RobertIdied928