Genealogy Richard Remmé, The Hague, Netherlands » Françoise d' Aubigné Marquise de Maintenon (1635-1719)

Persoonlijke gegevens Françoise d' Aubigné Marquise de Maintenon 

• Zij is geboren op 27 november 1635 in Niort, Deux-Sèvres, France.
• Zij is overleden op 15 april 1719 in Château DE Versailles, Île-DE-France, France, zij was toen 83 jaar oud.
• Een kind van Constant d' Aubigné en Jeanne de Cardillac
• Deze gegevens zijn voor het laatst bijgewerkt op 4 december 2022.

Gezin van Françoise d' Aubigné Marquise de Maintenon

Zij is getrouwd met Louis 14 [Capet Bourbon] 'le grand' de France.

Zij zijn getrouwd op 12 juni 1684, zij was toen 48 jaar oud.

Notities over Françoise d' Aubigné Marquise de Maintenon

It was in the by now non-existant prison connected to Palais de Justice of Niort that Jeanne gave birth to another child on 27 November 1635. This was our Françoise d'Aubigné marquise de Maintenon.

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http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=michaelrneuman&id=I54348

Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon (November 27, 1635 - April15, 1719), the second wife of Louis XIV, was born in a prison atNiort.

Humble origins
Her father, Constant d'Aubigné, was the son of Agrippa d'Aubigné, thefamous friend and general of Henry IV, and had been imprisoned as aHuguenot malcontent, but her mother, a fervent Catholic, had the childbaptized in her religion, her sponsors being the duc de laRochefoucauld, father of the author of the Maxims, and the comtesse deNeuillant.

In 1639 Constant d'Aubigné was released from prison and took all hisfamily with him to Martinique, where he died in 1645, after havinglost what fortune remained to him at cards. Mme. d'Aubigné returned toFrance, and from sheer poverty unwillingly yielded her daughter to hersister-in-law, Madame de Villette, who made the child very happy, butconverted or pretended to convert her to Protestantism. When thisbecame known, an order of state was issued that she should beentrusted to Mme. de Neuillant, her godmother. Every means was nowused to convert her back to Catholicism, but at the last she onlyyielded on the condition that she need not believe that the soul ofMme de Villette was lost. Once reconverted, she was neglected and senthome to live with her mother, who had only a small pension of 200livres a year, which ceased on her death in 1650.

Coming to the Royal Court
The chevalier de Méré, a man of some literary distinction, who hadmade her acquaintance at Mme. de Neuillant's, discovered her pennilesscondition, and introduced his "young Indian," as he called her, toScarron, the famous witty and comic writer, at whose house all theliterary society of the day assembled. Scarron took a fancy to thefriendless girl, and offered either to pay for her admission to aconvent, or, though he was deformed and an invalid, to marry herhimself. She accepted his offer of marriage, and became Mme Scarron in1651. For nine years she served not only as his most faithful nurse,but as an attraction to his house, where she tried to bridle thelicence of the conversation of the time.

On the death of Scarron, in 1660, Anne of Austria continued hispension to his widow, and even increased it to 2000 livres a year,enabling her to entertain and frequent the literary society with whichher husband had made her acquainted. On the queen-mother's death in1666 Louis XIV refused to continue her pension. She prepared to leaveParis for Lisbon as lady attendant to the queen of Portugal. Beforeshe started, she met Madame de Montespan, who was already, though notavowedly, the king's mistress, and who took such a fancy to her thatFrancoise obtained the continuance of her pension,puting off forevergoing to Portugal.Mme de Montespan did yet more for her, in 1669,whenher first child by the king was born, Mme Scarron was established witha large income and a large staff of servants at Vaugirard to bring upthe king's children in secrecy,as they were born.

In 1674 the king determined to have his children at court, and theirgoverness, who had now made sufficient fortune to buy the estate ofMaintenon, accompanied them. The king had now many opportunities ofseeing Mme Scarron, and, though at first he was prejudiced againsther, her even temper contrasted so advantageously with the storms ofpassion and jealousy exhibited by Mme de Montespan, that she grewsteadily in his favour, and had in 1678 the gratification of havingher estate at Maintenon raised to a marquisate and herself entitledMme de Maintenon by the king. Such favours brought down the fury ofMme de Montespan's jealousy, and Mme de Maintenon's position becamealmost unendurable. In 1680, the king severed their connection bymaking the latter second lady in waiting to the dauphiness. Soon afterMme de Montespan left the court. The new amie used her influence onthe side of decency. Queen Maria Theresa openly declared she had neverbeen so well treated as at this time, and eventually died in Mme deMaintenon's arms in 1683.
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Marriage with Louis XIV
The queen's death opened the way to yet greater advancement; in 1684Mme de Maintenon became first lady in waiting to the dauphiness, andin the winter of 1685-1686 she was privately married to the king byHarlay, archbishop of Paris, in the presence, it is believed, of Pèrela Chaise, the king's confessor, the marquis de Montchevreuil, thechevalier de Forbin, and Bontemps. Due to the large inequality ofsocial statuses, she could not marry the King openly and become queen,and their marriage was morganatic. No written proof of the marriage isextant, but that it took place is nevertheless certain.

Her life during the next thirty years can be fully studied in herletters, of which many authentic examples remain. As a wife she waswholly admirable; she had to entertain a man who would not be amused,and had to submit to that terribly strict court etiquette of absoluteobedience to the king's inclination, which Saint-Simon so vividlydescribes, and yet be always cheerful and never complain of wearinessor ill-health.

Influence and legacy
Her political influence has probably been exaggerated, but it wassupreme in matters of detail. The ministers of the day used to discussand arrange all the business to be done with the king with herbeforehand. It was done in her cabinet and in her presence, but theking in more important matters often chose not to consult her. Suchmistakes as, for instance, the replacing of Catinat by Villeroi in1701 may be attributed to her, but not whole policies - notably,according to Saint-Simon, not the policy with regard to the SpanishSuccession. Even the revocation of the Edict of Nantes and thedragonnades have been laid to her charge, but recent investigationshave tended to show that in spite of ardent Catholicism, she at leastopposed, if not very vigorously, the cruelties of the dragonnades,although she was pleased with the conversions they procured.

She was apparently afraid to imperil her great reputation fordevotion, which had in 1692 obtained for her from Innocent XII theright of visitation over all the convents in France. Where shedeserves blame is in her use of power for personal patronage, as incompassing the promotions of Chamillart and Villeroi, and the frequentassistance given to her brother Comte Charles d'Aubigné. Her influencewas on the whole a moderating and prudent force. Her social influencewas not as great as it might have been, owing to holding no recognizedposition at court, but she always exercised it on the side of decencyand morality. It must not be forgotten that from her former life shewas intimate with the literary people in France of the day. Side byside with this public life, which wearied her with its shadowy power,occasionally crossed by a desire to be recognised as queen, she passeda nobler and sweeter private existence as the foundress of Saint Cyr.Mme de Maintenon was a born teacher; she had so won the hearts of herfirst pupils that they preferred her to their own mother, and wassimilarly successful later with the young and impetuous duchess ofBurgundy. She had always wished to establish a home for poor girls ofgood family placed in such straits as she had experienced. As soon asher fortunes began to mend, she started a small home for poor girls atRueil, which she afterwards moved to Noisy, forming the nucleus of thesplendid institution of St. Cyr, which the king endowed at her requestin 1686, out of the funds of the Abbey of St. Denis. She was in herelement there. She herself drew up the rules of the institution; sheexamined every minute detail; befriended her pupils in every way; andher heart often turned from the weariness of Versailles or of Marly toher "little girls" at St. Cyr.

It was for them that Racine wrote his Esther and his Athalie, and itwas because he managed the affairs of St. Cyr well that Chamillartbecame controller-general of the finances. The later years of herpower were marked by the promotion of her old pupils, the children ofthe king and Mme de Montespan, to high dignity between the blood royaland the peers of the realm, and it was doubtless under the influenceof her dislike for the duke of Orléans that the king drew up his will,leaving the personal care of his successor to the duke of Maine, andhampering the duke of Orléans by a council of regency. On or evenbefore her husband's death in 1715 she retired to St Cyr, and had thechagrin of seeing all her plans for the advancement of the duke ofMaine overthrown by means of the parliament of Paris. However, theregent Orléans in no way molested her, but, on the contrary, visitedher at St. Cyr and continued her pension of 48,000 livres. She spenther last years at St. Cyr in perfect seclusion, but an object of greatinterest to all visitors to France, who, however, with the exceptionof Peter the Great, found it impossible to get an audience with her.On 15 April 1719 she died, and was buried in the choir at St. Cyr,bequeathing her estate at Maintenon to her niece, the only daughter ofher brother Charles and wife of the maréchal de Noailles, to whosefamily it still belongs.

La Beaumelle published the Lettres de Madame de Maintenon, but muchgarbled, in 2 vols. in 1752, and on a larger scale in 9 vols. in 1756.He also, in 1755, published Mémoires de Madame de Maintenon, in 6vols., which caused him to be imprisoned in the Bastille. All earlierbiographies were superseded by Théophile Lavallée's Histoire de St.Cyr, reviewed in Causeries du lundi, vol. viii., and by his edition ofher Lettres historiques et édifiantes, etc., in 7 vols.

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