Genealogie John Muijsers » Christina van Zweden (1626-1689)

Persoonlijke gegevens Christina van Zweden 

• Zij is geboren op 7 december 1626.Bron 2
• Beroep: koningin van Zweden.
• Zij is overleden op 19 april 1689 in Rome, zij was toen 62 jaar oud.Bron 3
• Een kind van Gustav ii Adolf van Zweden en Maria Eleonore van Brandenburg

Gezin van Christina van Zweden

Notities over Christina van Zweden

Christina (18 December [O.S. 8 December] 1626 – 19 April 1689) reigned as Queen of Sweden from 1632[2] until her abdication in 1654.[note 1] She was the only surviving legitimate child of King Gustav II Adolph and his wife Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg. At the age of six,[8] Christina succeeded her father on the throne upon his death at the Battle of Lützen, but began ruling when she reached the age of 18.

Christina is remembered as one of the most educated women of the 1600s.[9] She was fond of books, manuscripts, paintings, and sculptures. With her interest in religion, philosophy, mathematics and alchemy, she attracted many scientists to Stockholm, wanting the city to become the "Athens of the North." She was intelligent, fickle and moody; she rejected what the sexual role of a woman was at the time. She caused a scandal when she decided not to marry[10] and in 1654 when she abdicated her throne and converted to Roman Catholicism. She changed her name from Kristina Augusta Wasa,[11] adopting the name Christina Alexandra.[note 2]

At the age of 28, the "Minerva of the North" relinquished the throne to her cousin and moved to Rome.[13] The Pope described Christina as "a queen without a realm, a Christian without faith, and a woman without shame."[10] Notwithstanding all that, she became a leader of the theatrical and musical life and protected many Baroque artists, composers, and musicians.

Being the guest of five consecutive popes,[14] and a symbol of the Counter Reformation, she is one of the few women buried in the Vatican grotto. Her unconventional lifestyle and masculine dressing and behavior have been featured in countless novels, plays, operas, and film. In all the biographies about Christina, her gender and cultural identity play an important role.

Christina was born in the royal castle Tre Kronor. The king and his wife, Maria Eleonora, had already had two daughters—a nameless stillborn princess in 1620, and then the first princess Christina, who was born in 1623 and died the following year.[note 3] Excited expectation surrounded Maria Eleonora's third pregnancy in 1626. When the baby was born, it was first thought to be a boy as it was "hairy" and screamed "with a strong, hoarse voice."[16] She later wrote in her autobiography that, "Deep embarrassment spread among the women when they discovered their mistake." The king, though, was very happy, stating, "She'll be clever, she has made fools of us all!"[17] From most accounts, Gustav Adolf appears to have been closely attached to his daughter, and she appears to have admired him greatly.

Already at the age of nine Christina was impressed by the Catholic religion and the merits of celibacy.[49] She read a biography on the virgin queen Elizabeth I of England with interest. Christina understood that it was expected of her to provide an heir to the Swedish throne (her first cousin Charles was infatuated with her, and they became secretly engaged before he left in 1642 to serve in the Swedish army in Germany for three years). Christina revealed in her autobiography that she felt "an insurmountable distaste for marriage" and "for all the things that females talked about and did." As she was chiefly occupied with her studies, she slept three to four hours a night, forgot to comb her hair, donned her clothes in a hurry and wore men's shoes for the sake of convenience. Her unruly hair became her trademark. Her closest female friend was Ebba Sparre, with whom she shared "a long time intimate companionship".[50] Christina, said to possess charm, called her "Belle" and most of her spare time she spent with la belle comtesse. She introduced the passion of her youth to the English ambassador Whitelocke as her "bed-fellow" and praised both her mind and her beauty.[51][52] When Christina left Sweden, she continued to write passionate letters to Sparre, in which she told her that she would always love her.[52]

On 26 February 1649, Christina announced that she had decided not to marry and instead wanted her first cousin Charles to be heir to the throne. While the nobility objected to this, the three other estates – clergy, burghers, and peasants – accepted it. The coronation took place on 22 October 1650. Christina went to the castle of Jacobsdal where she entered in a coronation carriage draped in black velvet embroidered in gold and pulled by three white horses. The procession to Storkyrkan was so long that when the first carriages arrived, the last ones had not yet left Jacobsdal. All four estates were invited to dine at the castle. Fountains at the market place splashed out wine for three days, roast was served, and illuminations sparkled, followed by a themed parade (The Illustrious Splendors of Felicity) on 24 October.

Noot: Voor een zeer uitgebreid verhaal over Christina: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden

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