Leiden is famous for its many refugees. In 1574 Leiden was occupied by the Catholic Spaniards. When they gave up and left, the town was in a very bad condition. There was no industry left; the famous drapery industry was totally on its back. Also, the population of residents had dropped from 14.000 to 10.000. Jan van Hout, town clerk of Leiden, went to England to recruit labourers. He came back with several French speaking refugees from France, who had also suffered under the Catholics. There were so many new people that monasteries were pulled down so that there was space for an entirely new district: de Marewijk. And because most people were French, a Walloon church was established in 1584! Industry flourished. After 1680, a whole new flood of refugees came to Leiden-- de Huguenots who fled from the north of France. They settled in Delft, Amsterdam and Leiden. After a while, most people assimilated. They left the Walloon church and started baptizing in the Dutch ones. A lot of them even changed their names and translated them in Dutch. For instance Graincourt became Korenhof (Corn-court) and Chevalier became De Ridder (the Knight)
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