Máel Coluim "The Des..." Mac Cináeda "The Destroyer", Rí na h'Alba (± 954-1034) » Arbre généalogique Den Hollander en Van Dueren den Hollander

Données personnelles Máel Coluim "The Des..." Mac Cináeda "The Destroyer", Rí na h'Alba

Les sources 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

Noms alternatifs: King Malcolm II of Scotland, Malcolm II K of Scots, Mael Coluim, Máel Coluim Mac Cináeda
Le surnom est The Des....
Il est né environ 5 octobre 954Dunkeld
Scotland.
Il a été baptisé dans Isle Of Iona, Scotland.
Alternative: Il a été baptisé dans Isle Of Iona, Scotland.
Alternative: Il a été baptisé dans Isle Of Iona, Scotland.
Alternative: Il a été baptisé dans Isle Of Iona, Scotland.
Alternative: Il a été baptisé dans Isle of Iona, Scotland.
Baptisé (à 8 ans ou plus tard) par l'autorité de la prêtrise de l'église SDJ.
Alternative: Baptisé (à 8 ans ou plus tard) par l'autorité de la prêtrise de l'église SDJ.
Titre: King of Scotland
Émigré(e), Father Kenneth II, Scotland.
Professions:

Roi d'Ecosse du 25 mars 1005 à 1034, Roi de Strathclyde 990 à 1005, Roi de Lothian de 1016 à 1034, Roi d'Albanie de 1016 à 1034.
King of Scotland from 1003 to 1033.
kongei Scotland.
Roi, de Strathclyde, 995, Roi, d'Ecosse, 1005.
unknown.
unknown dans MALCOM II, King of Scotland, 1005-34.
Kung av Skottland från 1005.
en l'an 943 unknown dans King of Alba.
en l'an 995 unknown dans King of the Scots.
en l'an 1005 King dans Scotland.
en l'an 1005 King Of Alba & Straþclyde.
en l'an 1005 unknown.
King of Scotland, King Bet 1005 and 1034, , Scotland, kongei Scotland, KING OF SCOTLAND, King of the Scots 1005-1034, Roi d'Ecosse du 25 mars 1005 à 1034, Roi de Strathclyde 990 à 1005, Roi de Lothian de 1016 à 1034, Roi d'Albanie de 1016 à 1034.

Résidant:

Scotland.
Scotland.

Il est décédé le 25 novembre 1034 dans Glamis CastleGlamis
Scotland.
Il est enterré environ 27 novembre 1034 dans St Oran's Chapel CemeteryThe Reiling Ourain
Isle of Iona
Scotland.
Un enfant de Cináed II mac Maíl Coluim et A Woman of Leinster
Cette information a été mise à jour pour la dernière fois le 18 septembre 2020.

Famille de Máel Coluim "The Des..." Mac Cináeda "The Destroyer", Rí na h'Alba

Il est marié avec NN.

Ils se sont mariés en l'an 1008Scotland.

Enfant(s):

Bethóc ingen Maíl Coluim meic Cináeda 984-± 1045

Notes par Máel Coluim "The Des..." Mac Cináeda "The Destroyer", Rí na h'Alba

GIVN Malcolm II MacKenneth
SURN von Schottland
NSFX King of Scotland
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: March 31, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #0453
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 16 Dez 1998
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: March 31, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #0453
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 16 Dez 1998
_PRIMARY Y
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: March 31, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #0453
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 16 Dez 1998
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 13:17:29

King of Alban

conquered Lothian 1018. King of Alba, King of Strathclyde. said to have married an Irishwoman from Ossory. Killed by his kinsman.

25 MAR 1005 [New Cunard.ged]

King of Alban

Name Prefix: King Name Suffix: Ii, Of Scotland King of Scotland (1005–34). He acquired the throne after killing Kenneth III and defeating a Northumbrian army at Carham (c. 1016). He became the first king to reign over territory roughly equivalent to modern Scotland . He tried to eliminate rivals to his grandson Duncan I , but Macbeth survived to challenge the succession.

SOURCE CITATION:
Title: Ancestral File (TM)
Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Publication Information: July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996
Repository Name: Family History Library
Address: 35 N West Temple Street
Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA

Fought in battle in 1008 at Corham with Uchtred, son of Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland; overcame the Danes in 1017; published a code of laws. In 1016 made his grandson Duncan King of Strathclyde and named him his successor. Defeated Northumbrians at Carham on Tweed & conquered Lothian in 1005. Controlled beyond old Alba of the Angles in the South East, and Britions in South West. Said to have married an Irishwoman from Ossory. Killed by his kinsman.

Malcolm II (1005-1034) Born - 954 Died November 25, 1034
The first to reign over an extent of land roughly corresponding to much of modern Scotland.
Malcolm succeeded to the throne after killing his predecessor, Kenneth III, and allegedly secured his territory by defeating a Northumbrian army at the Battle of Carham (1016) commanded by Uchtred, son of Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland. He not only confirmed the Scottish hold over the land between the rivers Forth and Tweed but also secured Strathclyde about the same time, defeating the Danes in 1017. Eager to secure the royal succession for his daughter's son Duncan, he tried toeliminate possible rival claimants, but Macbeth, with royal connections to both Kenneth II and Kenneth III, survived to challenge the succession. He was murdered 25 November 1034.

Conquered Lothian 1018. King of Alba, King of Strathclyde. said to have married an Irishwoman from Ossory. Killed by his kinsman.

THE HOUSE OF DUNKELD MALCOLM I (943-954) The son of Donald II the harried the north of England and was killed in battle by rebels from Moray.

INDULF (965-962) It has been said that Edinburgh passed to the Scots during his reign. He was the son of Constantine II and died fighting the Danes. DUBH (962-966) Dubh was the son of Malcolm I. In Gaelic "dubh" means black. Culen challenged him for the throne twice and won on the second try. He was killed during this second confrontation in 966.

CULEN (966-971) Culen was the son of Indulf and obtained the throne from Dubh. However, he was killed by the King of Strathclyde, Riderch, whose daughter he had kidnapped.

KENNETH II (971-995) Kenneth was the brother of Dubh. He had acknowledged Edgar as King of England in return for Lothian. He broke his promise to keep the peace and invaded England. At this point he lost Lothian to the English. He killed Culen's brother and in turn was killed in a blood feud by Culen's son, Constantine.

CONSTANTINE III (995-997) The son of Culen, his reign was brief. He probably was killed by Kenneth III in retaliation for Constantine III having killed Kenneth II.

KENNETH III (997-1005) Kenneth was the son of Dubh and according to one belif made his son Giric joint king to ensure succession. Kenneth was killed in battle in 1005 by Malcolm who then seized the throne. Malcolm may also have murdred Kenneth III's grandson so that his own grandson, Duncan I could obtain the throne.

MALCOLM II (1005-1034) The son of Kenneth II regained Lothian. The English were fighting the Danish and Malcolm II raided south winning that territory. He made alliances with the Danes. The marriage of his daughter to Sigurd the Stout the Earl of Orkney, extended Malcolm's influence too the far north and he had the alliance of Strathclyde in the west. He was probably over 80 years old when he died.

[NOTE: TANISTRY. The Pictish system of succession was matrilineal. The Scottish system was determined by tanistry - the succession by a previously elected member of the royal family. During the lifetime of the king an heir was chosen and known as tanaiste rig (second to the king). This manner of rule remained until Malcolm II decided on the principle of direct descent. After Malcolm died the succession was based on direct descent.]

Death in Battle
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=4c4f5b3d-9c73-4e00-9e34-dc4b7c46eac8&tid=929940&pid=-1376678829

Military
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=553fc32c-9910-481e-9df4-e756514eb724&tid=929940&pid=-1376678829

Royal
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=90ba0ed7-aed3-406c-b724-06ee5f1ff51f&tid=929940&pid=-1376678829

conquered Lothian 1018. King of Alba, King of Strathclyde.
said to have married an Irishwoman from Ossory.
Killed by his kinsman.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In 1018, under MacAlpin's descendant Malcolm II, the Angles were
finally
defeated in this northerly part of Britain and Lothian came under
Scottish rule.
In the same year, the British (Celtic) King of Strathclyde died
leaving no heir;
his throne went to Malcolm's grandson Duncan. In 1034, Duncan became
King
of a much-expanded Scotland that included Pict-land, Scotland, Lothian,
Cumbria and Strathclyde. It excluded large tracts in the north, the
Shetlands,
Orkneys and the Western Isles, which were held by the Scandinavians.
There
was still no established boundary between Scotland and England.

See message under Duncan I, his successor and grandson.

Malcolm II of Scotland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Malcolm II
(Máel Coluim mac Cináeda)
King of the Scots

Fanciful and anachronistic 17th century depiction of the king. It bears no relationship to the king's actual appearance.
Reign 1005–1034
Born c. 980
Died 25 November 1034
Glamis
Buried Iona
Predecessor Kenneth III (Cináed mac Duib)
Successor Duncan I (Donnchad mac Crínáin)
Issue Bethóc, other daughters
Royal House Alpin
Father Kenneth II (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim)

Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich)[1], known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II, and nicknamed Forranach, "the Destroyer", [2] (c. 980–25 November 1034), was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death.[3] He was a son of Kenneth II (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim); the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".[4]

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Malcolm was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was very far from being the only king in Ireland, Malcolm was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the Kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the south-east.[5]

Contents [hide]
1 Early Years
2 Bernicia
3 Canute
4 Orkney and Moray
5 Strathclyde and the succession
6 Death and posterity
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links

[edit] Early Years
In 997, the killer of Constantine III (Causantín mac Cuilén) is credited as being Cináed mac Maíl Coluim, "Kenneth son of Malcolm". Since there is no known and relevant Cináed mac Maíl Coluim alive at that time (Kenneth II, son of Malcolm I, having died in 995), it is considered an error for either Kenneth, son of Dub (Cináed mac Duib), who succeeded Constantine as Kenneth III, or, possibly, Malcolm himself, the son of Kenneth II. [6] Whether Malcolm killed Constantine or not, there is no doubt that in 1005 he killed Constantine's successor Kenneth III in battle at Monzievaird in Strathearn.[7]

John of Fordun writes that Malcolm defeated a Norwegian army "in almost the first days after his coronation", but this is not reported elsewhere. Fordun says that the Bishopric of Mortlach (later moved to Aberdeen) was founded in thanks for this victory over the Norwegians, but this claim appears to have no foundation.[8]

[edit] Bernicia
The first reliable report of Malcolm's reign is of an invasion of Bernicia, perhaps the customary crech ríg (literally royal prey, a raid by a new king made to demonstrate prowess in war), which involved a siege of Durham. This appears to have resulted in a heavy defeat, by the Northumbrians led by Uchtred the Bold, later Earl of Bernicia, which is reported by the Annals of Ulster.[9]

A second war in Bernicia, probably in 1018, was more successful. The Battle of Carham, by the River Tweed, was a victory for the Scots led by Malcolm and the men of Strathclyde led by their king, Eógan II (Owen the Bald). By this time Earl Uchtred may have been dead, and Eric of Norway (Eiríkr Hákonarson) was appointed Earl of Northumbria by his brother-in-law Canute the Great, although his authority seems to have been limited to the south, the former kingdom of Deira, and he took no action against the Scots so far as is known.[10] The work De obsessione Dunelmi (The siege of Durham, associated with Symeon of Durham) claims that Uchtred's brother Eadwulf Cudel surrendered Lothian to Malcolm, presumably in the aftermath of the defeat at Carham. This is likely to have been the lands between Dunbar and the Tweed as other parts of Lothian had been under Scots control before this time. It has been suggested that Canute received tribute from the Scots for Lothian, but as he had likely received none from the Bernician Earls this is not very probable.[11]

[edit] Canute
Canute, reports the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, led an army into Scotland on his return from pilgrimage to Rome. The Chronicle dates this to 1031, but there are reasons to suppose that it should be dated to 1027.[12] Burgundian chronicler Rodulfus Glaber recounts the expedition soon afterwards, describing Malcolm as "powerful in resources and arms ... very Christian in faith and deed."[13] Ralph claims that peace was made between Malcolm and Canute through the intervention of Richard, Duke of Normandy, brother of Canute's wife Emma. Richard died in about 1027 and Rodulfus wrote close in time to the events.[14]

It has been suggested that the root of the quarrel between Canute and Malcolm lies in Canute's pilgrimage to Rome, and the coronation of Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II, where Canute and Rudolph III, King of Burgundy had the place of honour. If Malcolm were present, and the repeated mentions of his piety in the annals make it quite possible that he made a pilgrimage to Rome, as did Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findláich) in later times, then the coronation would have allowed Malcolm to publicly snub Canute's claims to overlordship.[15]

Canute obtained rather less than previous English kings, a promise of peace and friendship rather than the promise of aid on land and sea that Edgar and others had obtained. The sources say that Malcolm was accompanied by one or two other kings, certainly Macbeth, and perhaps Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, King of Mann and the Isles, and of Galloway.[16] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle remarks of the submission "but he [Malcolm] adhered to that for only a little while".[17] Canute was soon occupied in Norway against Olaf Haraldsson and appears to have had no further involvement with Scotland.

[edit] Orkney and Moray
A daughter of Malcolm, whose name is not known, married Sigurd Hlodvisson, Earl of Orkney.[18] Their son Thorfinn Sigurdsson was said to be five years old when Sigurd was killed on 23 April 1014 in the Battle of Clontarf. The Orkneyinga Saga says that Thorfinn was raised at Malcolm's court and was given the Mormaerdom of Caithness by his grandfather. Thorfinn, says the Heimskringla, was the ally of the king of Scots, and counted on Malcolm's support to resist the "tyranny" of Norwegian King Olaf Haraldsson.[19] The chronology of Thorfinn's life is problematic, and he may have had a share in the Earldom of Orkney while still a child, if he was indeed only five in 1014.[20] Whatever the exact chronology, before Malcolm's death a client of the king of Scots was in control of Caithness and Orkney, although, as with all such relationships, it is unlikely to have lasted beyond his death.

If Malcolm exercised control over Moray, which is far from being generally accepted, then the annals record a number of events pointing to a struggle for power in the north. In 1020, Macbeth's father Findláech mac Ruaidrí was killed by the sons of his brother Máel Brigte.[21] It seems that Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti (Malcolm, son of Máel Brigte) took control of Moray, for his death is reported in 1029.[22]

It should be said that whatever the Irish annals say, English and Scandinavian writers appear to see Macbeth as the rightful king of Moray: witness their descriptions of the meeting with Canute in 1027, before the death of Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti. Máel Coluim was followed as king or mormaer by his brother Gille Coemgáin, husband of Gruoch, a granddaughter of King Kenneth III. It has been supposed that Macbeth was responsible for the killing of Gille Coemgáin in 1032, but if Macbeth had a cause for feud in the killing of his father in 1020, Malcolm too had reason to see Gille Coemgáin dead. Not only had Gille Coemgáin's ancestors killed many of Malcolm's kin, but Gille Coemgáin and his son Lulach might be rivals for the throne. Malcolm had no living sons, and the threat to his plans for the succession was obvious. The following year another man who might some day be king, Gruoch's brother or nephew, was killed by Malcolm.[23]

[edit] Strathclyde and the succession
It has traditionally been supposed that King Eógan the Bald of Strathclyde died at the Battle of Carham and that the kingdom passed into the hands of the Scots afterwards. This rests on some very weak evidence. It is far from certain that Eógan died at Carham, and it is reasonable certain that there were kings of Strathclyde as late as the 1054, when Edward the Confessor sent Earl Siward to install "Máel Coluim son of the king of the Cumbrians". The confusion is old, probably inspired by William of Malmesbury and embellished by John of Fordun, but there is no firm evidence that the kingdom of Strathclyde was a part of the kingdom of the Scots, rather than a loosely subjected kingdom, before the time of Malcolm II of Scotland's great-grandson Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada).[24]

By the 1030s Malcolm's sons, if he had had any, were dead. The only evidence that he did have a son or sons is in Rodulfus Glaber's chronicle where Canute is said to have stood as godfather to a son of Malcolm.[25] His grandson Thorfinn would have been unlikely to accepted as king by the Scots, and he chose the sons of his other daughter, Bethóc, who was married to Crínán, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and perhaps Mormaer of Atholl. It may be no more than coincidence, but in 1027 the Irish annals had reported the burning of Dunkeld, although no mention is made of the circumstances.[26] Malcolm's chosen heir, and the first tánaise ríg certainly known in Scotland, was Duncan (Donnchad mac Crínáin).

It is possible that a third daughter of Malcolm married Findláech mac Ruaidrí and that Macbeth was thus his grandson, but this rests on relatively weak evidence.[27]

[edit] Death and posterity
Malcolm died in 1034, Marianus Scotus giving the date as 25 November 1034. The king lists say that he died at Glamis, variously describing him as a "most glorious" or "most victorious" king. The Annals of Tigernach report that "Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, king of Scotland, the honour of all the west of Europe, died." The Prophecy of Berchán, perhaps the inspiration for John of Fordun and Andrew of Wyntoun's accounts where Malcolm is killed fighting bandits, says that he died by violence, fighting "the parricides", suggested to be the sons of Máel Brigte of Moray.[28]

Perhaps the most notable feature of Malcolm's death is the account of Marianus, matched by the silence of the Irish annals, which tells us that Duncan I became king and ruled for five years and nine months. Given that his death in 1040 is described as being "at an immature age" in the Annals of Tigernach, he must have been a young man in 1034. The absence of any opposition suggests that Malcolm had dealt thoroughly with any likely opposition in his own lifetime.[29]

On the question of Malcolm's putative pilgrimage, pilgrimages to Rome, or other long-distance journeys, were far from unusual. Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Canute and Macbeth have already been mentioned. Rognvald Kali Kolsson is known to have gone crusading in the Mediterranean in the 12th century. Nearer in time, Domnall mac Eógain of Strathclyde died on pilgrimage to Rome in 975 as did Máel Ruanaid uá Máele Doraid, King of the Cenél Conaill, in 1025.

Not a great deal is known of Malcolm's activities beyond the wars and killings. The Book of Deer records that Malcolm "gave a king's dues in Biffie and in Pett Meic-Gobraig, and two davochs" to the monastery of Old Deer.[30] As has been said, he was probably not the founder of the Bishopric of Mortlach-Aberdeen. John of Fordun has a peculiar tale to tell, related to the supposed "Laws of Malcom MacKenneth", saying that Malcolm gave away all of Scotland, except for the Moot Hill at Scone, which is unlikely to have the least basis in fact.[31]

[edit] Notes
^ Máel Coluim mac Cináeda is the Mediaeval Gaelic form.
^ Skene, Chronicles, pp. 99-100.
^ Malcolm's birth date is not known, but must have been around 980 if the Flateyjarbók is right in dating the marriage of his daughter and Sigurd Hlodvisson to the lifetime of Olaf Tryggvason; Early Sources, p. 528, quoting Olaf Tryggvason's Saga.
^ Early Sources, pp. 574–575.
^ Higham, pp. 226–227, notes that the kings of the English had neither lands nor mints north of the Tees.
^ Early Sources, pp. 517–518. John of Fordun has Malcolm as the killer; Duncan, p. 46, credits Cináed mac Duib (i.e. King Kenneth III) with the death of Constantine.
^ Chronicon Scotorum, s.a. 1005; Early Sources, pp. 521–524; Fordun, IV, xxxviii. Berchán places Cináed's death by the Earn.
^ Early Sources, p. 525, note 1; Fordun, IV, xxxix–xl.
^ Duncan, pp.27–28; Smyth, pp.236–237; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1006.
^ Duncan, pp. 28–29 suggests that Earl Uchtred may not have died until 1018. Fletcher accepts that he died in Spring 1016 and the Eadwulf Cudel was Earl of Bernicia when Carham was fought in 1018; Higham, pp.225–230, agrees. Smyth, pp. 236–237 reserves judgement as to the date of the battle, 1016 or 1018, and whether Uchtred was still living when it was fought. See also Stenton, pp.418–419.
^ Early Sources, p. 544, note 6; Higham, pp. 226–227.
^ ASC, Ms D, E and F; Duncan, pp. 29–30.
^ Early Sources, pp. 545–546.
^ Ralph was writing in 1030 or 1031; Duncan, p. 31.
^ Duncan, pp.31–32; the alternative, he notes, that Canute was concerned about support for Olaf Haraldsson, "is no better evidenced."
^ Duncan, pp.29–30. St. Olaf's Saga, c. 131 says "two kings came south from Fife in Scotland" to meet Canute, suggesting only Malcolm and Macbeth, and that Canute returned their lands and gave them gifts. That Echmarcach was king of Galloway is perhaps doubtful; the Annals of Ulster record the death of Suibne mac Cináeda, rí Gall-Gáedel ("King of Galloway") by Tigernach, in 1034.
^ ASC, Ms. D, s.a. 1031.
^ Early Sources, p. 528; Orkneyinga Saga, c. 12.
^ Orkneyinga Saga, cc. 13–20 & 32; St. Olaf's Saga, c. 96.
^ Duncan, p.42; reconciling the various dates of Thorfinn's life appears impossible on the face of it. Either he was born well before 1009 and must have died long before 1065, or the accounts in the Orkneyinga Saga are deeply flawed.
^ Annals of Tigernach, s.a. 1020; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1020, but the killers are not named. The Annals of Ulster and the Book of Leinster call Findláech "king of Scotland".
^ Annals of Ulster and Annals of Tigernach, s.a. 1029. Máel Coluim's death is not said to have been by violence and he too is called king rather than mormaer.
^ Duncan, pp. 29–30, 32–33 and compare Hudson, Prophecy of Berchán, pp. 222–223. Early Sources, p.571; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1032 & 1033; Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1029 & 1033. The identity of the M. m. Boite killed in 1033 is uncertain, being reading as "the son of the son of Boite" or as "M. son of Boite", Gruoch's brother or nephew respectively.
^ Duncan, pp. 29 & 37–41; Oram, David I, pp. 19–21.
^ Early Sources, p. 546; Duncan, pp.30–31, understands Rodulfus Glaber as meaning that Duke Richard was godfather to a son of Canute and Emma.
^ Annals of Ulster and Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1027.
^ Hudson, pp. 224–225 discusses the question and the reliability of Andrew of Wyntoun's chronicle, on which this rests.
^ Early Sources, pp. 572–575; Duncan, pp. 33–34.
^ Duncan, pp. 32–33.
^ Gaelic Notes in the Book of Deer.
^ Fordun, IV, xliii and Skene's notes; Duncan, p. 150; Barrow, Kingdom of the Scots, p. 39.

[edit] References
For primary sources see also External links below.

Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500–1286, volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990. ISBN 1-871615-03-8
Anon., Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney, tr. Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards. Penguin, London, 1978. ISBN 0-14-044383-5
Barrow, G.W.S., The Kingdom of the Scots. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2003. ISBN 0-7486-1803-1
Duncan, A.A.M., The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. ISBN 0-7486-1626-8
Fletcher, Richard, Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England. Penguin, London, 2002. ISBN 0-14-028692-6
John of Fordun, Chronicle of the Scottish Nation, ed. William Forbes Skene, tr. Felix J.H. Skene, 2 vols. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993. ISBN 1-897853-05-X
Higham, N.J., The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–1100. Sutton, Stroud, 1993. ISBN 0-86299-730-5
Hudson, Benjamin T., The Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Greenwood, London, 1996.
Smyth, Alfred P. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80–1000. Reprinted, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1998. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7
Stenton, Sir Frank, Anglo-Saxon England. 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1971 ISBN 0-19-280139-2
Sturluson, Snorri, Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway, tr. Lee M. Hollander. Reprinted University of Texas Press, Austin, 1992. ISBN 0-292-73061-6

[edit] External links
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork includes the Annals of Ulster, Tigernach, the Four Masters and Innisfallen, the Chronicon Scotorum, the Lebor Bretnach (which includes the Duan Albanach), Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress.
Heimskringla at World Wide School
Orkneyinga Saga at Northvegr
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle an XML edition by Tony Jebson (translation at OMACL)
Preceded by
Kenneth (Cináed) III King of Scots
1005–1034 Succeeded by
Duncan (Donnchad) I

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
King of Strathclyde 990 - 995, King of Strathclyde 997 - 1005, King of Scots 1005 - 1034. Conquered Lothian 1018. King of Alba, King of Strathclyde. Ssaid to have married an Irishwoman from Ossory. Killed by his kinsman. Source: RoyaList, Brian Tompsett

conquered Lothian 1018. King of Alba, King of Strathclyde.
said to have married an Irishwoman from Ossory.
Killed by his kinsman.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In 1018, under MacAlpin's descendant Malcolm II, the Angles were
finally
defeated in this northerly part of Britain and Lothian came under
Scottish rule.
In the same year, the British (Celtic) King of Strathclyde died
leaving no heir;
his throne went to Malcolm's grandson Duncan. In 1034, Duncan became
King
of a much-expanded Scotland that included Pict-land, Scotland, Lothian,
Cumbria and Strathclyde. It excluded large tracts in the north, the
Shetlands,
Orkneys and the Western Isles, which were held by the Scandinavians.
There
was still no established boundary between Scotland and England.

See message under Duncan I, his successor and grandson.

conquered Lothian 1018. King of Alba, King of Strathclyde.
said to have married an Irishwoman from Ossory.
Killed by his kinsman.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In 1018, under MacAlpin's descendant Malcolm II, the Angles were
finally
defeated in this northerly part of Britain and Lothian came under
Scottish rule.
In the same year, the British (Celtic) King of Strathclyde died
leaving no heir;
his throne went to Malcolm's grandson Duncan. In 1034, Duncan became
King
of a much-expanded Scotland that included Pict-land, Scotland, Lothian,
Cumbria and Strathclyde. It excluded large tracts in the north, the
Shetlands,
Orkneys and the Western Isles, which were held by the Scandinavians.
There
was still no established boundary between Scotland and England.

See message under Duncan I, his successor and grandson.

Malcolm II, published a code of laws

20. KING MALCOLM II MACKENNETH

King of Scots, 25 Mar 1005 - 1034 Fought a battle at Carham with Uchtred (d.1016), son of Waltheof, Earl of the Northumbrians, and overcame the Danes, 1017 Published a code of laws Was murdered 25 Nov 1034 "1004. Malcolm the son of Kenneth, a most victorious king, reigned 30 years.

conquered Lothian 1018. King of Alba, King of Strathclyde.
said to have married an Irishwoman from Ossory.
Killed by his kinsman.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In 1018, under MacAlpin's descendant Malcolm II, the Angles were
finally
defeated in this northerly part of Britain and Lothian came under
Scottish rule.
In the same year, the British (Celtic) King of Strathclyde died
leaving no heir;
his throne went to Malcolm's grandson Duncan. In 1034, Duncan became
King
of a much-expanded Scotland that included Pict-land, Scotland, Lothian,
Cumbria and Strathclyde. It excluded large tracts in the north, the
Shetlands,
Orkneys and the Western Isles, which were held by the Scandinavians.
There
was still no established boundary between Scotland and England.

See message under Duncan I, his successor and grandson.

He conquered Lothian 1018. He was King of Alba and Strathclyde.
He is said to have married an Irish woman from Ossory.
He was Killed by his kinsman.

["The British Monarchy"]
Malcolm, son of Kenneth II, took advantage of the fact that the English were preoccupied with Danish raids and marched south, winning the Battle of Carham against the Angles in 1018 and thereby regaining Lothian. Thirteen years later, however, King Canute invaded Scotland, probably because Malcolm had been making alliances with the Danes, and forced the Scottish king to submit to him (submission was a traditional expression of personal homage). However, Canute seems to have recognised Malcolm's possession of Lothian. In the west, Malcolm had the alliance of Strathclyde, whilst the marriage of his daughter to Sigurd the Stout, Norse Earl of Orkney, extended Malcolm's influence to the far north. Malcolm died at Glamis, Angus on 25 November 1034, aged at least 80.
After Malcolm II's reign, Scottish succession was based on the principle of direct descent. (Previously, succession was determined by tanistry - during a king's lifetime an heir was chosen and known as tanaiste rig (second to the king).)

[Weis 147] fought a battle in 1008 at Carham with Uchtred (d. 1016), son of Waltheof, Earl of the Northumbrians, and overcame the Danes, 1017; published a code of laws; was murdered, 25 Nov. 1034. "1004. Malcolm the son of Kenneth, a most victorious king, reigned 30 years. 1034. Malcolm king of Scots died." (Ritson II 104-109)

[Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland]
Malcolm II of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, nicknamed "Forranach" meaning "Destroyer" in Gaelic) (died November 25, 1034) was King of Scots (Alba) from 1005 to 1034. He was the son of King Kenneth II of Scotland and first cousin of his predecessor, King Kenneth III of Scotland (Cináed mac Duib), who was murdered by Malcolm II at the Battle of Monzievaird in 1005.

His rule was contested for ten years during the reign of Kenneth III but Malcolm II finally gained the throne after Kenneth III's death. It appears that he only ruled part of Scotland during his reign, in opposition to leaders from Moray such as Findláech mac Ruaidrí (d. 1020, probably father of Macbeth), and Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti (d. 1029), both of whom were also called Kings of Alba (and therefore Scotland) in the Irish annals, though neither are called Kings of Scotland in modern texts. In 1006, Malcolm II was defeated by Northumbrian forces under Uhtred the Bold while besieging Durham. The English then became preoccupied with the Danish allowing Malcolm II to march south, avenging the loss at Durham by winning the Battle of Carham against the Anglo-Saxons in 1016 and, thereby, regaining Lothian. Thirteen years later, however, Canute, King of England, Denmark, and Norway, travelled to Scotland. What happened is lost to time, but claims that Malcolm II submitted to Canute seem very unlikely. However, Canute seems to have recognised Malcolm II's possession of Lothian.

In the west, Malcolm II made an alliance with King Owen the Bald of Strathclyde and together they defeated King Canute at the Battle of Carham in 1018. He battled to expand his kingdom, gaining land down to the River Tweed and in Strathclyde. When King Owen died without an heir, Malcolm II claimed Strathclyde for his grandson, Duncan. This caused dissent throughout the Kingdom of Strathclyde which resulted in Malcolm II's murder at Glamis in 1034. He was buried on the Isle of Iona shortly after.

If it really was his daughter and not of his northern roval Malcolm, King of Moray, who was in c 1007 married to Sigurd Hlodvirsson, Earl of Orkney, then that is an indication that Malcolm II's influence extended to the far north, in addition to the south where his expansion is well-attested.

As the last of the House of Alpin, he did not have any sons to succeed him. Malcolm II lived, according to contemporary accounts, to a great age - which means that not only the generation of his children were adults (that itself was much rarer in that era than today), there were even his grandchildren already adults and capable to take reins of power.

He had arranged good marriages for his daughters. A daughter (or granddaughter) has been said to have produced the future king MacBeth of Scotland. Malcolm II's (reportedly eldest) daughter, Bethoc, married Crínán, the Abbot of Dunkeld and their son became Duncan I (c. 1010?1040), who succeeded Malcolm II upon his death in 1034.

Malcolm's (whichever Malcolm it was) daughter and Earl Sigurd had Thorfinn Sigurdsson, who established his rule in the lands of Caithness and Sutherland and allegedly in several other northern parts of Scotland too. It has been a question of loyalty whether this meant they became any better under the control of the King of Alba, but at least it means that Thorfinn had a separate sphere of power in northern Scotland at and soon after Malcolm's death.

[1335.ged]

Overcame the Danes in 1017, was murdered in Glamis Castle in 1033.

King of Scots

[Sargent.FTW]

King of Scots, 25 Mar 1005 to 1034;
fought a battle in 1008 at Carham with Uchtred (died 1016) son of Waleof, Earl of the Nor

When Malcolm II died in 1034 the succession was disputed. Duncan I, son o f Malcolm's daughter, Bethoc, was the first King of the House of Atholl , but he was later slain by his cousin, Macbeth who seized the throne.
This story is better known to the world than you would expect because o f William Shakespeare's dramatic play. There are similarities and differe nces between "the Scottish Play" and how Macbeth died at the hands of Mal colm Canmore who went on to rule for a turbulent thirty-five years.
The early years of the reign of Malcolm II, which witnessed a renewal b y him of raids into Northumbria, including a siege of Durham, must indica te that sometime in the intervening period there had been both an expansi on and the contraction of the southern frontier. Both the invasion by Mal colm I, who had reached as far south as the Tees in 949, and the two exte nded raids by Kenneth II in the 970s, one as far south as Stainmore, wer e probably parts of a renewed attempt to lay claim not simply to Lothia n and the Merse (Berwickshire) but to Bernicia, stretching form the Fort h to the Tees. Only the first of these two issues - control of Lothian an d the Merse and overlordship, nominal or otherwise, of Bernicia - was set tled in this period. Edgar, King of Wessex, had conceded the fact of th e virtual Scottish occupation of Lothian in 973 and Malcolm II's victor y in 1018 at Carham, immediately to the south of Tweed, had merely turne d occupation into annexation. Yet 1018, so often fastened upon as markin g the firm delineation of a southern frontier along the line of the Tweed , could not have seemed so decisive or final a victory at the time. Rathe r than settling the Lothian question, it raised again the unresolved issu e of Bernicia. Carham solved nothing, but it promised this now ambitiou s dynasty much. Those greater ambitions never materialized, but they wer e nonetheless a sign of a new confidence amongst mac Alpin kings, born o f a novel sense of security on their southern frontier.
The achievement of the mac Alpin dynasty was a considerable but curiousl y ambiguous one. Malcolm II was hailed by Irish annals as 'King of Alba , the honour of all the west of Europe'. Yet his death marked a genuine c risis in the succession, after kingship passed to his daughter's son, Dun can. The dispute which ensued and threatened the whole mac Alpin line wa s complex and it is likely some of the key details of the two claimants a re unknown. Line Duncan, Macbeth had claim through a female line, via hi s wife, Gruoch. More significant to each was probably their descent to th e male line, by which Macbeth was linked to the Cenèl Loairn. If a dynast y is to be judged by the heirs it leaves, the mac Alpin legacy in the 103 0 was an awkward variant of the parable of the talents. That the kingdo m survived intact was in effect a twenty-five year war of the mac Alpin s uccession was a fluke rather than testimony to the strength of the dynast y.

AFN: 9G83-Q9

[3017] COLVER31.TXT file

surname from Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia

"Bloodlines...", p 274, rgnd 1005-34

EDWARD3.DOC Malcolm II King of SCOTLAND (958-1034)

Rootsweb Feldman
URL: http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3044567&id=I01709
# ID: I01709
# Name: King of Scotland MALCOLM II 1 2
# Sex: M
# Birth: ABT 954 in Scotland 1 2
# Death: 25 NOV 1034 in Glamis Castle, Angus, Scotland 1 2
# Burial: Isle of Iona, Scotland 1 2
# Change Date: 15 JAN 2004 2
# Note:

[Joanne's Tree.1 GED.GED]

2 SOUR S332582
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: 14 Jan 2004

[daveanthes.FTW]

He was mortally wounded by rival branches of the royal house.
King of the Scots. Williamson, in Chart No. 18, says he was King of Alba.
(Alba is Albany, modern Scotland north of the Forth & Clyde.)

OCCU King of Alba ...
SOUR Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning;COMYNR.TAF, p. 1 says ABT 958;
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 121; www.rootsweb.com/gumby says
ABT 970, Scotland; COLLINS.ROY says 954;PHILIP.GED (Compserve),772 says 954
SOUR Royal Scotland, Jean Goodman, p. 225; www.rootsweb.com/gumby ;
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 121;
PHILIP.GED (Compserve), 772;al7fl.abts.net/green-page/greenged.html ;
SOUR The Survival of Scotland, Eric Linklater
PAGE 18
QUAY 2
mortally wounded by rival branches of royal house 1034, conquered Lothian 1018
Castle of Edinburgh - Royal Scotland, Jean Goodman, p. 225; King of the Scots-
COMYN4.TAF (Compuserve Roots), p. 3; of Scotland - COMYNR.TAF (Compuserve),p.1
; Malcolm II Alpin, King of Scots - COMYNI.GED(Compuserve):Reigned 1005-1034 -
RULERS.SCT (Compuserve);After killing Gruoch's grandfather, had her brother
murdered-The Survival of Scotland, Eric Linklater, p. 19
MALCOLM II, son of KENNETH II, was King of Strathclyde, 990-995; King of Scotland, 1005-1034; fought in battle in 1008 at Corham with Uchtred, son of Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland; overcame the
danes in 1017; published a code of laws - Royalty for
Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, p. 121
King of Scots 25 March 1005 to 25 NOV 1034. Fought in battle in 1008 at Corham with Uchtred son of Waltheof,Earl of Northumberland. Overcame the Danes in 1017. Published a set of Laws. Murdered
1034.
- HAWKINS.GED

GIVN Malcolm (Mael-Colium) II King of
SURN Scotland
NSFX King of Strathclyde
TITL Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philip
AUTH Roderick W. Stuart
PUBL 3rd ed., 1998, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD
ABBR Royalty for Commoners
TITL Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philip
AUTH Roderick W. Stuart
PUBL 3rd ed., 1998, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD
ABBR Royalty for Commoners
TITL Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philip
AUTH Roderick W. Stuart
PUBL 3rd ed., 1998, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD
ABBR Royalty for Commoners
TITL http://www.gendex.com/users/Enf_Bry/Enf_Bry/index.html
ABBR Enf-Bry
TITL http://www.gendex.com/users/Enf_Bry/Enf_Bry/index.html
ABBR Enf-Bry
STAT LIVE
murdered Dead
TITL Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philip
AUTH Roderick W. Stuart
PUBL 3rd ed., 1998, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD
ABBR Royalty for Commoners
DATE 11 NOV 1999
TIME 18:45:23

Father: II KENNETH , King of Scotland b: 932 in Scotland

Marriage 1 Queen Of Scotland AEFGIFU b: 962 in Fordoun, Kincardineshire, Scotland

* Married: ABT 983 in Scotland 1 2
* Note:

[Joanne's Tree.1 GED.GED]

[daveanthes.FTW]

22:13

SOUR www.rootsweb.com/gumby

Children

1. Has Children Doda DE FALAISE b: ABT 980 in Falaise, Calvados, France
2. Has Children Bethoc Beatrix Princess Of SCOTLAND b: ABT 984 in Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland
3. Has No Children Donalda Princess of SCOTLAND b: ABT 986 in of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland
4. Has Children Anleta Princess of Scotland MACKENNETH b: ABT 988 in Atholl, Perth, Scotland

Sources:

1. Title: daveanthes.FTW
Note: ABBR daveanthes.FTW
Note: Source Media Type: Other
Repository:
Call Number:
Media: Book
Text: Date of Import: 14 Jan 2004
2. Title: Joanne's Tree.1 GED.GED
Repository:
Call Number:
Media: Other
Text: Date of Import: Feb 6, 2004

Malcolm took advantage of the fact that the English were pr eoccupied with Danish raids and marched south, winning th e Battle of Carham against the Angles in 1018 and thereby regaining Lothian. Thirteen years later King Canute invade d Scotland and forced Malcolm to submit to him. However, C anute seems to have recognized Malcolm's possession of Loth ian. King Malcolm II, known in Gaelic as Mael Coluim mac Cinaeda, who succeeded Kenneth III was the last of the ancient line of MacAlpin kings. Malcolm was much respected by his contemporaries, the Irish Annals refer to him as 'honoured among all men.' He was in fact ruthless, cunning and full of guile and therefore likely to succeed in those violent times. To his name was added the Gaelic epithet 'Forranach' meaning the destoyer. Contemporary chroniclers record of him that 'He was skilled in brandishing the sword and hurling the spear' and that he was ' A victorious warrior in battle.' He was the first to reign over the extent of land equivalent to modern Scotland. Ruled Cumbria & Strathclyde, 990-1005. Ruled Scotland #FC54 1005-1034.
After Malcolm II's reign, Scottish succession was based o n the principle of direct descent. Previously, successio n was determined by tanistry - during a king's lifetime a n heir was chosen and known as "tanaiste rig" (second to th e king).

King of Scotland 1005-1034

Known as a lawgiver, he simplified the succesion of the monarchs. He also defeated the Vikings repeatedly and invaded Northumbria and gained Lothian.

BIRT: RIN MH:IF340
DEAT: RIN MH:IF341

GIVN Malcolm II MacKenneth
SURN von Schottland
NSFX King of Scotland
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: March 31, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #0453
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 16 Dez 1998
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: March 31, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #0453
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 16 Dez 1998
_PRIMARY Y
REPO @REPO80@
TITL World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
AUTH Brøderbund Software, Inc.
PUBL Release date: March 31, 1997
ABBR World Family Tree Vol. 9, Ed. 1
Customer pedigree.
Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
PAGE Tree #0453
DATA
TEXT Date of Import: 16 Dez 1998
DATE 9 SEP 2000
TIME 13:17:29

Malcolm II (1005-34)
Malcolm, son of Kenneth II, took advantage of the fact that the English were preoccupied with Danish raids and marched south, winning the Battle of Carham against the Angles in 1018 and thereby regaining Lothian. Thirteen years later, however, King Canute invaded Scotland, probably because Malcolm had been making alliances with the Danes, and forced the Scottish king to submit to him (submission was a traditional expression of personal homage). However, Canute seems to have recognised Malcolm's possession of Lothian. In the west, Malcolm had the alliance of Strathclyde, whilst the marriage of his daughter to Sigurd the Stout, Norse Earl of Orkney, extended Malcolm's influence to the far north. Malcolm died at Glamis, Angus on 25 November 1034, aged at least 80.
After Malcolm II's reign, Scottish succession was based on the principle of direct descent. (Previously, succession was determined by tanistry - during a king's lifetime an heir was chosen and known as tanaiste rig (second to the king).)

Source: Official Website of the British Government

[Kopi av ROYALS.FTW]

Reign 1005-1034Reign 1005-1034
[Kevin Moore ]:[Kevin Moore ]:Reign 1005-1034
[Kevin Moore ]:[Kevin Moore ]:[Kevin Moore ]:

#Générale##Générale#Profession : Roi d'Ecosse de 1005 au 25 Novembre 1034.

{geni:about_me} '''Máel Coluim mac Cináeda''', Malcolm II, King of Scots

* Parents: Kenneth II and his wife the Lady of Leinster
* Spouses: (name unknown - sometimes named as Ælfgifu "Edith" Sigurdsdóttir of Ossory)
* Children:

1. Bethóc who married Crínan of Atholl & Dunkeld

2. Donada who married Findlaech MacRory of Moray

3. Daughter (sometimes named as Olith) who married Sigurd earl of Orkney

4. [a possible younger son whose name was not preserved (see Cawley's note, below)]

==Sources and Resources==

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#_Toc209085740

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland

MEDIEVAL LANDS (updated Oct 2019)

a) MALCOLM ([954]-Glamis Castle, Angus 25 Nov 1034, bur Isle of Iona). The 11th century Synchronisms of Flann Mainistreach name (in order) "…Cuillen mac Illiulb, Cinaet mac Maelcolaim, Custantin mac Cuilen, Cinaet mac Duib, Maelcolaim mac Cinaeta" as Scottish kings, dated to the 10th and 11th centuries[163]. The 12th century Cronica Regum Scottorum lists "…Malcolin filius Kinet xxx…" as king[164]. It is tempting to suggest that either he, or his first cousin with the same name, spent time at the court of Edgar King of England during his youth, as "Malcolm dux" subscribed a charter of King Edgar relating to land in Cambridgeshire and Norfolk dated 970[165], but there is no proof of the co-identity of these persons. He succeeded in 1005 as MALCOLM II King of Scotland. The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that Grime was killed by Malcolm, son of King Kenneth II, who succeeded as king[166]. He attacked northern England in 1006. King of Lothian from [1016], becoming effective ruler of the whole of Scotland. The Historia Regum of Simeon of Durham records a battle between "Huctredum filium Waldef comitem Northymbrorum" and "Malcolmum filium Cyneth regem Scottorum" at "Carrum" in 1018[167]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Malcolm submitted to Canute King of England in 1031, along with "two other kings, Mælbeth and Iehmarc"[168]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun defended Cumbria against King Canute, who agreed that it should be ruled by Malcolm’s grandson Duncan[169]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1034 of "Mael Coluim son of Cinaed, king of Scotland"[170]. The Annals of Tigernach record the death in 1034 of “Mael-Coluímb son of Cinaed king of Scotland”[171]. The Chronicle of the Scots and Picts dated 1177 records that "Malcolm mac Kynnat Rex" reigned for 30 years, died "in Glammes" and was buried "in Yona"[172]. The Chronicle of the Picts and Scots dated 1251 includes the same information[173]. m ---. The name of Malcolm's wife is not known. King Malcolm III & his wife had [four] children:

>>i) BETHOC . The "Genealogy of King William the Lyon" dated 1175 names "Betoch filii Malcolmi" as parent of "Malcolmi filii Dunecani"[174]. The Chronicle of the Scots and Picts dated 1177 names "Cran Abbatis de Dunkelden et Bethok filia Malcolm mac Kynnet" as parents of King Duncan[175]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that King Malcolm II had "an only daughter…Beatrice who married Crynyne Abthane of Dul and Steward of the Isles…in some annals, by a blunder of the writer…abbot of Dul"[176]. Lady of Atholl. m ([1000]) CRINAN "the Thane" Mormaer of Atholl, son of --- (-killed in battle 1045).

>>ii) [DONADA . Many secondary sources name Donada as a younger daughter of King Malcolm II and the mother of King Macbeth. It seems that the proof for this connection is slim. The only source so far identified which refers to Macbeth’s maternal origin is the Chronicle of Huntingdon which names "Maket Regem [=King Macbeth] nepotem dicti Malcolmi" when recording that he was expelled from Scotland after ruling 15 years[177]. The word "nepos" is of course treacherous, and could indicate a variety of relationships in addition to grandson. However, it appears that early historians assumed that "grandson" was the correct translation. For example, Ralph Holinshed’s 1577 Chronicle of Scotland names "Doada" as second daughter of Malcolm II King of Scotland and adds that she married "Sinell the thane of Glammis, by whom she had issue one Makbeth"[178]. Another variation is provided by the Cronykil of Andrew of Wyntoun, which records that "Makbeth-Fynlak, his systyr sowne" murdered King Duncan[179]. From a chronological point of view, it is unlikely that Macbeth could have been a nephew of King Duncan, but it is possible that the passage represents an interpretation of "nepos" from an earlier source and has confused the king with whom Macbeth enjoyed this relationship. No source earlier than Holinshed has been found which names her Donada. m as his second wife, FINDLAECH MacRory Thane of Angus Mormaer of Moray, son of RUAIDHRI Mormaer of Moray & his wife --- (-1020). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1020 of "Finnlaech son of Ruadrí king of Alba…killed by his own people"[180].]

>>iii) [son . Rodulfus Glaber refers to Canute King of England seeking "the friendship of the king of the Scots, receiving his son at the font of baptism"[181]. This passage follows a description of "the Scots whose king was called Malcolm" resisting King Canute's invasion, undated but from the context apparently occurring at the start of Canute's reign. If it is correct that King Malcolm had a son baptised at this time, he would have been considerably younger than the king's daughters, presumably therefore born to a different mother. No corroborative evidence for the existence of this son has been found in other contemporary sources.]

>>iv) [daughter . Orkneyinga Saga records that “Earl Sigurd” married “the daughter of Malcolm King of Scots”[182]. Snorre records the marriage of "Sigurd the Thick" and "a daughter of the Scottish king Malcolm"[183]. It appears unlikely that Sigurd’s wife could have been King Malcolm’s possible daughter Donada (as shown in many secondary sources, including the Complete Peerage[184]) if it is correct that Donada’s recorded husband Findlaech was killed in 1020 and also that their son was born in [1005][185]. m SIGURD "Digri" Hlodverson Jarl of Orkney and Caithness, son of HLODVIR [Lodver] Torfinnsson & his wife Audna --- (-killed in battle Clontarf 23 Apr 1014).]

-----------------------

MacDonnell of Leinster webpage:

http://macdonnellofleinster.org/page_7y__the_birth_of_scotland.htm

Malcolm II (1005-1034), son of Kenneth II, demonstrated a rare ability to survive among early Scottish kings by reigning for twenty-nine years. He was a clever and ambitious man. Brehon tradition provided that the successor to Malcolm was to be selected by him from among the descendants of King Aedh, with the consent of Malcolm’s ministers and of the church. Ostensibly in an attempt to end the devastating feuds in the north of Scotland, but obviously influenced by the Norman feudal model, Malcolm ignored tradition and determined to retain the succession within his own line. But since Malcolm had no son of his own, he undertook to negotiate a series of dynastic marriages of his three daughters to men who might otherwise be his rivals, while securing the loyalty of the principal chiefs, their relatives.

First he married his daughter Bethoc to Crinan, Thane of The Isles, head of the house of Atholl and secular Abbot of Dunkeld; then his youngest daughter, Olith, to Sigurd, Earl of Orkney. His middle daughter, Donada, was married to Findláich, Mormaer of Moray, Thane of Ross and Cromarty and a descendant of Loarn of Dalriada. This was risky business under the rules of succession of the Gael, but he thereby secured his rear and, taking advantage of the renewal of Viking attacks on England, marched south to fight the Sasunnaich. He defeated the Angles at Carham in 1018 and installed his grandson, Duncan, son of the Abbot of Dunkeld and his choice as Tanist, in Carlisle as King of Cumbria that same year.

--------------------------------

WIKIPEDIA

Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich[1], known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II; died 25 November 1034),[2] was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death.[3] He was a son of Cináed mac Maíl Coluim; the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".[4]

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Máel Coluim was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was not the only king in Ireland, Máel Coluim was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the Kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the south-east.[5]

Early years

In 997, the killer of Causantín mac Cuilén is credited as being Cináed mac Maíl Coluim. Since there is no known and relevant Cináed alive at that time (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim having died in 995), it is considered an error for either Cináed mac Duib, who succeeded Causantín, or, possibly, Máel Coluim himself, the son of Cináed II.[6] Whether Máel Coluim killed Causantín or not, there is no doubt that in 1005 he killed Causantín's successor Cináed III in battle at Monzievaird in Strathearn.[7]

John of Fordun writes that Máel Coluim defeated a Norwegian army "in almost the first days after his coronation", but this is not reported elsewhere. Fordun says that the Bishopric of Mortlach (later moved to Aberdeen) was founded in thanks for this victory over the Norwegians, but this claim appears to have no foundation.[8]

Bernicia

The first reliable report of Máel Coluim's reign is of an invasion of Bernicia in 1006, perhaps the customary crech ríg (literally royal prey, a raid by a new king made to demonstrate prowess in war), which involved a siege of Durham. This appears to have resulted in a heavy defeat, by the Northumbrians led by Uhtred of Bamburgh, later Earl of Bernicia, which is reported by the Annals of Ulster.[9]

A second war in Bernicia, probably in 1018, was more successful. The Battle of Carham, by the River Tweed, was a victory for the Scots led by Máel Coluim and the men of Strathclyde led by their king, Owen the Bald. By this time Earl Uchtred may have been dead, and Eiríkr Hákonarson was appointed Earl of Northumbria by his brother-in-law Cnut the Great, although his authority seems to have been limited to the south, the former kingdom of Deira, and he took no action against the Scots so far as is known.[10] The work De obsessione Dunelmi (The siege of Durham, associated with Symeon of Durham) claims that Uchtred's brother Eadwulf Cudel surrendered Lothian to Máel Coluim, presumably in the aftermath of the defeat at Carham. This is likely to have been the lands between Dunbar and the Tweed as other parts of Lothian had been under Scots control before this time. It has been suggested that Cnut received tribute from the Scots for Lothian, but as he had likely received none from the Bernician Earls this is not very probable.[11]

Cnut

Cnut, reports the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, led an army into Scotland on his return from pilgrimage to Rome. The Chronicle dates this to 1031, but there are reasons to suppose that it should be dated to 1027.[12] Burgundian chronicler Rodulfus Glaber recounts the expedition soon afterwards, describing Máel Coluim as "powerful in resources and arms ... very Christian in faith and deed."[13] Ralph claims that peace was made between Máel Coluim and Cnut through the intervention of Richard, Duke of Normandy, brother of Cnut's wife Emma. Richard died in about 1027 and Rodulfus wrote close in time to the events.[14]

It has been suggested that the root of the quarrel between Cnut and Máel Coluim lies in Cnut's pilgrimage to Rome, and the coronation of Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II, where Cnut and Rudolph III, King of Burgundy had the place of honour. If Máel Coluim were present, and the repeated mentions of his piety in the annals make it quite possible that he made a pilgrimage to Rome, as did Mac Bethad mac Findláich ("Macbeth") in later times, then the coronation would have allowed Máel Coluim to publicly snub Cnut's claims to overlordship.[15]

Cnut obtained rather less than previous English kings, a promise of peace and friendship rather than the promise of aid on land and sea that Edgar and others had obtained. The sources say that Máel Coluim was accompanied by one or two other kings, certainly Mac Bethad, and perhaps Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, King of Mann and the Isles, and of Galloway.[16] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle remarks of the submission "but he [Máel Coluim] adhered to that for only a little while".[17] Cnut was soon occupied in Norway against Olaf Haraldsson and appears to have had no further involvement with Scotland.

Orkney and Moray

A daughter of Máel Coluim, married Sigurd Hlodvisson, Earl of Orkney.[18] Their son Thorfinn Sigurdsson was said to be five years old when Sigurd was killed on 23 April 1014 in the Battle of Clontarf. The Orkneyinga Saga says that Thorfinn was raised at Máel Coluim's court and was given the Mormaerdom of Caithness by his grandfather. Thorfinn, says the Heimskringla, was the ally of the king of Scots, and counted on Máel Coluim's support to resist the "tyranny" of Norwegian King Olaf Haraldsson.[19] The chronology of Thorfinn's life is problematic, and he may have had a share in the Earldom of Orkney while still a child, if he was indeed only five in 1014.[20] Whatever the exact chronology, before Máel Coluim's death a client of the king of Scots was in control of Caithness and Orkney, although, as with all such relationships, it is unlikely to have lasted beyond his death.

If Máel Coluim exercised control over Moray, which is far from being generally accepted, then the annals record a number of events pointing to a struggle for power in the north. In 1020, Mac Bethad's father Findláech mac Ruaidrí was killed by the sons of his brother Máel Brigte.[21] It seems that Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti took control of Moray, for his death is reported in 1029.[22]

Despite the accounts of the Irish annals, English and Scandinavian writers appear to see Mac Bethad as the rightful king of Moray: this is clear from their descriptions of the meeting with Cnut in 1027, before the death of Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti. Máel Coluim was followed as king or mormaer by his brother Gille Coemgáin, husband of Gruoch, a granddaughter of King Cináed III. It has been supposed that Mac Bethad was responsible for the killing of Gille Coemgáin in 1032, but if Mac Bethad had a cause for feud in the killing of his father in 1020, Máel Coluim too had reason to see Gille Coemgáin dead. Not only had Gille Coemgáin's ancestors killed many of Máel Coluim's kin, but Gille Coemgáin and his son Lulach might be rivals for the throne. Máel Coluim had no living sons, and the threat to his plans for the succession was obvious. As a result, the following year Gruoch's brother or nephew, who might have eventually become king, was killed by Máel Coluim.[23]

[edit] Strathclyde and the succession

It has traditionally been supposed that King Eógan the Bald of Strathclyde died at the Battle of Carham and that the kingdom passed into the hands of the Scots afterwards. This rests on some very weak evidence. It is far from certain that Eógan died at Carham, and it is reasonably certain that there were kings of Strathclyde as late as the 1054, when Edward the Confessor sent Earl Siward to install "Máel Coluim son of the king of the Cumbrians". The confusion is old, probably inspired by William of Malmesbury and embellished by John of Fordun, but there is no firm evidence that the kingdom of Strathclyde was a part of the kingdom of the Scots, rather than a loosely subjected kingdom, before the time of Máel Coluim II of Scotland's great-grandson Máel Coluim mac Donnchada.[24]

By the 1030s Máel Coluim's sons, if he had any, were dead. The only evidence that he did have a son or sons is in Rodulfus Glaber's chronicle where Cnut is said to have stood as godfather to a son of Máel Coluim.[25] His grandson Thorfinn would have been unlikely to accepted as king by the Scots, and he chose the sons of his other daughter, Bethóc, who was married to Crínán, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and perhaps Mormaer of Atholl. It may be no more than coincidence, but in 1027 the Irish annals had reported the burning of Dunkeld, although no mention is made of the circumstances.[26] Máel Coluim's chosen heir, and the first tánaise ríg certainly known in Scotland, was Donnchad mac Crínáin ("Duncan I").

It is possible that a third daughter of Máel Coluim married Findláech mac Ruaidrí and that Mac Bethad was thus his grandson, but this rests on relatively weak evidence.[27]

Death and posterity

C19th engraving of "King Malcolm's grave stone" (Glamis no. 2) at GlamisMáel Coluim died in 1034, Marianus Scotus giving the date as 25 November 1034. The king lists say that he died at Glamis, variously describing him as a "most glorious" or "most victorious" king. The Annals of Tigernach report that "Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, king of Scotland, the honour of all the west of Europe, died." The Prophecy of Berchán, perhaps the inspiration for John of Fordun and Andrew of Wyntoun's accounts where Máel Coluim is killed fighting bandits, says that he died by violence, fighting "the parricides", suggested to be the sons of Máel Brigte of Moray.[28]

Perhaps the most notable feature of Máel Coluim's death is the account of Marianus, matched by the silence of the Irish annals, which tells us that Donnchad I became king and ruled for five years and nine months. Given that his death in 1040 is described as being "at an immature age" in the Annals of Tigernach, he must have been a young man in 1034. The absence of any opposition suggests that Máel Coluim had dealt thoroughly with any likely opposition in his own lifetime.[29]

Tradition, dating from Fordun's time if not earlier, knew the Pictish stone now called "Glamis 2" as "King Malcolm's grave stone". The stone is a Class II stone, apparently formed by re-using a Bronze Age standing stone. Its dating is uncertain, with dates from the 8th century onwards having been proposed. While an earlier date is favoured, an association with accounts of Máel Coluim's has been proposed on the basis of the iconography of the carvings.[30]

On the question of Máel Coluim's putative pilgrimage, pilgrimages to Rome, or other long-distance journeys, were far from unusual. Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Cnut and Mac Bethad have already been mentioned. Rognvald Kali Kolsson is known to have gone crusading in the Mediterranean in the 12th century. Nearer in time, Dyfnwal of Strathclyde died on pilgrimage to Rome in 975 as did Máel Ruanaid uá Máele Doraid, King of the Cenél Conaill, in 1025.

Not a great deal is known of Máel Coluim's activities beyond the wars and killings. The Book of Deer records that Máel Coluim "gave a king's dues in Biffie and in Pett Meic-Gobraig, and two davochs" to the monastery of Old Deer.[31] He was also probably not the founder of the Bishopric of Mortlach-Aberdeen. John of Fordun has a peculiar tale to tell, related to the supposed "Laws of Malcolm MacKenneth", saying that Máel Coluim gave away all of Scotland, except for the Moot Hill at Scone, which is unlikely to have any basis in fact.[32]

Notes

1.^ Máel Coluim mac Cináeda is the Mediaeval Gaelic form.

2.^ Skene, Chronicles, pp. 99-100.

3.^ Máel Coluim's birth date is not known, but must have been around 980 if the Flateyjarbók is right in dating the marriage of his daughter and Sigurd Hlodvisson to the lifetime of Olaf Tryggvason; Early Sources, p. 528, quoting Olaf Tryggvason's Saga.

4.^ Early Sources, pp. 574–575.

5.^ Higham, pp. 226–227, notes that the kings of the English had neither lands nor mints north of the Tees.

6.^ Early Sources, pp. 517–518. John of Fordun has Máel Coluim as the killer; Duncan, p. 46, credits Cináed mac Duib with the death of Causantín.

7.^ Chronicon Scotorum, s.a. 1005; Early Sources, pp. 521–524; Fordun, IV, xxxviii. Berchán places Cináed's death by the Earn.

8.^ Early Sources, p. 525, note 1; Fordun, IV, xxxix–xl.

9.^ Duncan, pp.27–28; Smyth, pp.236–237; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1006.

10.^ Duncan, pp. 28–29 suggests that Earl Uchtred may not have died until 1018. Fletcher accepts that he died in Spring 1016 and the Eadwulf Cudel was Earl of Bernicia when Carham was fought in 1018; Higham, pp.225–230, agrees. Smyth, pp. 236–237 reserves judgement as to the date of the battle, 1016 or 1018, and whether Uchtred was still living when it was fought. See also Stenton, pp.418–419.

11.^ Early Sources, p. 544, note 6; Higham, pp. 226–227.

12.^ ASC, Ms D, E and F; Duncan, pp. 29–30.

13.^ Early Sources, pp. 545–546.

14.^ Ralph was writing in 1030 or 1031; Duncan, p. 31.

15.^ Duncan, pp.31–32; the alternative, he notes, that Cnut was concerned about support for Olaf Haraldsson, "is no better evidenced."

16.^ Duncan, pp.29–30. St. Olaf's Saga, c. 131 says "two kings came south from Fife in Scotland" to meet Cnut, suggesting only Máel Coluim and Mac Bethad, and that Cnut returned their lands and gave them gifts. That Echmarcach was king of Galloway is perhaps doubtful; the Annals of Ulster record the death of Suibne mac Cináeda, rí Gall-Gáedel ("King of Galloway") by Tigernach, in 1034.

17.^ ASC, Ms. D, s.a. 1031.

18.^ Early Sources, p. 528; Orkneyinga Saga, c. 12.

19.^ Orkneyinga Saga, cc. 13–20 & 32; St. Olaf's Saga, c. 96.

20.^ Duncan, p.42; reconciling the various dates of Thorfinn's life appears impossible on the face of it. Either he was born well before 1009 and must have died long before 1065, or the accounts in the Orkneyinga Saga are deeply flawed.

21.^ Annals of Tigernach, s.a. 1020; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1020, but the killers are not named. The Annals of Ulster and the Book of Leinster call Findláech "king of Scotland".

22.^ Annals of Ulster and Annals of Tigernach, s.a. 1029. Máel Coluim's death is not said to have been by violence and he too is called king rather than mormaer.

23.^ Duncan, pp. 29–30, 32–33 and compare Hudson, Prophecy of Berchán, pp. 222–223. Early Sources, p.571; Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1032 & 1033; Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1029 & 1033. The identity of the M. m. Boite killed in 1033 is uncertain, being reading as "the son of the son of Boite" or as "M. son of Boite", Gruoch's brother or nephew respectively.

24.^ Duncan, pp. 29 & 37–41; Oram, David I, pp. 19–21.

25.^ Early Sources, p. 546; Duncan, pp.30–31, understands Rodulfus Glaber as meaning that Duke Richard was godfather to a son of Cnut and Emma.

26.^ Annals of Ulster and Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1027.

27.^ Hudson, pp. 224–225 discusses the question and the reliability of Andrew of Wyntoun's chronicle, on which this rests.

28.^ Early Sources, pp. 572–575; Duncan, pp. 33–34.

29.^ Duncan, pp. 32–33.

30.^ Laing, Lloyd (2001), "The date and context of the Glamis, Angus, carved Pictish stones", Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (Edinburgh) 131: 223–239, http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_131/131_223_239.pdf

31.^ Gaelic Notes in the Book of Deer.

32.^ Fordun, IV, xliii and Skene's notes; Duncan, p. 150; Barrow, Kingdom of the Scots, p. 39.

References

For primary sources see also External links below.

Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History A.D. 500–1286, volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990. ISBN 1-871615-03-8

Anon., Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney, tr. Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards. Penguin, London, 1978. ISBN 0-14-044383-5

Barrow, G.W.S., The Kingdom of the Scots. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2003. ISBN 0-7486-1803-1

Duncan, A.A.M., The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. ISBN 0-7486-1626-8

Fletcher, Richard, Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England. Penguin, London, 2002. ISBN 0-14-028692-6

John of Fordun, Chronicle of the Scottish Nation, ed. William Forbes Skene, tr. Felix J.H. Skene, 2 vols. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993. ISBN 1-897853-05-X

Higham, N.J., The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–1100. Sutton, Stroud, 1993. ISBN 0-86299-730-5

Hudson, Benjamin T., The Prophecy of Berchán: Irish

------------------------

FURTHER LINKS

http://macdonnellofleinster.org/page_7y__the_birth_of_scotland.htm

http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/dunclan.html

http://www.renderplus.com/hartgen/htm/srahteine.htm#name4565

http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Malcolm_II_Mackenneth_c_9541034_/m0081948.html

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Malcolm II of Alba, King of Scotland was born circa 954.1 He was the son of Kenneth II of Alba, King of Scotland. He married an unknown person circa 980.2 He died on 25 November 1034 at Glamis Castle, Glamis, Angus, Scotland, killed by his kinsmen.3 He was buried at Isle of Iona, Argyllshire, Scotland.3
Malcolm II of Alba, King of Scotland succeeded to the title of King Malcolm of Strathclyde between 990 and 991.1 He was deposed as King of Strathclyde in 995.1 He gained the title of King Malcolm of Strathclyde in 997.1 He succeeded to the title of King Malcolm II of Scotland on 25 March 1005.1 He gained the title of King Malcolm of Lothian circa 1016.1 He gained the title of King Malcolm of Alba. He gained the title of Prince Malcolm of Cumbria.1
Children of Malcolm II of Alba, King of Scotland

* Donalda of Alba+ 4
* Bethoc of Scotland+ b. c 984

--------------------
Malcolm II of Alba, King of Scotland was born circa 954.1 He was the son of Kenneth II of Alba, King of Scotland. He married an unknown person circa 980.2 He died on 25 November 1034 in Glamis Castle, Glamis, Angus, Scotland, killed by his kinsmen.3 He was buried in Isle of Iona, Argyllshire, Scotland.3
Malcolm II of Alba, King of Scotland succeeded to the title of King Malcolm of Strathclyde between 990 and 991.1 He was deposed as King of Strathclyde in 995.1 He gained the title of King Malcolm of Strathclyde in 997.1 He succeeded to the title of King Malcolm II of Scotland on 25 March 1005.1 He gained the title of King Malcolm of Lothian circa 1016.1 He gained the title of King Malcolm of Alba. He gained the title of Prince Malcolm of Cumbria.1

Family
Children Donalda of Alba+ 4
Bethoc of Scotland+ b. c 984

Citations [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 177. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Family.
[S125] Richard Glanville-Brown, online , Richard Glanville-Brown (RR 2, Milton, Ontario, Canada), downloaded 17 August 2005.
[S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family, page 179.
[S37] Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003). Hereinafter cited as Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 107th edition.

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Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich),[1] known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II (c. 980–25 November 1034),[2] was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death.[3] He was a son of Kenneth II (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim); the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".[4]

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Malcolm was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was not the only king in Ireland, Malcolm was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the Kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the south-east.[5]

--------------------
Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich[1], known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II; died 25 November 1034),[2] was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death.[3] He was a son of Cináed mac Maíl Coluim; the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".[4]

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Máel Coluim was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was not the only king in Ireland, Máel Coluim was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the Kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the south-east.[5]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland
--------------------
# ID: I183848

# Name: King Malcolm [II @<^>v] de Scotland

# Sex: M

# Birth: 954 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland

# Death: 25 NOV 1034 in Murdered by Kinsman,Glamis,Forfarshire,Scotland

# Burial: Isle of Iona, Argylshire, Scotland

# Note:

Name: Mal-Coluim II * MAC KENNETH

Sex: M

Name: Mal-Coluim II MAC ALPIN

Name: Malcolm II MAC KENNETH

Name: Blanid NIC BRIAN

Birth: 5 OCT 958 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland

Death: 25 NOV 1034 in Glamis Castle, Angus, Scotland

Burial: Isle of Iona, Argylshire, Scotland

Event: Title / Occ BET. 1005 - 1034 King of Albany / Scotland - 'Melkol

Event: OS Other Source Data

Event: OS Birth 954 Minster, Ireland

Note: Died of wounds

Father: King Kenneth [II @<^>v] de Scotland b: 912 in Fettercairn, Scotland

Mother: Princess Frigida [@ <^>v] de Mumhan b: 911 in Scotland

Marriage 1 Blanaid Nic [@ <^>v] Brian b: ABT 960

Children

1. Has Children Bethoc Or Beatrix [@ <^>v] de Scotland b: 984 in Atholl,Perthshire,Scotland

Marriage 2 Ælgifu (Edith) de Ingen [<^>v] Sigurd b: 962 in Fordoun, Kincardineshire, Scotland

* Married: 983 in Fordoun, Kincardineshire, Scotland

Children

1. Has Children Doda [@ <^>v] de Falaise b: 985 in Falaise, Calvados, France

2. Has Children Princess Olith [@] de Scotland b: 959

3. Has Children Princess Beatrix [@ <^>v] de Scotland b: 969 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland

source:

http://worldconnect.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=gilead07&id=I253485
--------------------
a.k.a. Máel Coluim mac Cináeda

Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich[1], known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II; died 25 November 1034),[2] was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death.[3] He was a son of Cináed mac Maíl Coluim; the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".[4]

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Máel Coluim was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was not the only king in Ireland, Máel Coluim was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the Kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the south-east.[

Early years

In 997, the killer of Causantín mac Cuilén is credited as being Cináed mac Maíl Coluim. Since there is no known and relevant Cináed alive at that time (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim having died in 995), it is considered an error for either Cináed mac Duib, who succeeded Causantín, or, possibly, Máel Coluim himself, the son of Cináed II.[6] Whether Máel Coluim killed Causantín or not, there is no doubt that in 1005 he killed Causantín's successor Cináed III in battle at Monzievaird in Strathearn.[7]

John of Fordun writes that Máel Coluim defeated a Norwegian army "in almost the first days after his coronation", but this is not reported elsewhere. Fordun says that the Bishopric of Mortlach (later moved to Aberdeen) was founded in thanks for this victory over the Norwegians, but this claim appears to have no foundation.[8]
[edit] Bernicia

The first reliable report of Máel Coluim's reign is of an invasion of Bernicia in 1006, perhaps the customary crech ríg (literally royal prey, a raid by a new king made to demonstrate prowess in war), which involved a siege of Durham. This appears to have resulted in a heavy defeat, by the Northumbrians led by Uhtred of Bamburgh, later Earl of Bernicia, which is reported by the Annals of Ulster.[9]

A second war in Bernicia, probably in 1018, was more successful. The Battle of Carham, by the River Tweed, was a victory for the Scots led by Máel Coluim and the men of Strathclyde led by their king, Owen the Bald. By this time Earl Uchtred may have been dead, and Eiríkr Hákonarson was appointed Earl of Northumbria by his brother-in-law Cnut the Great, although his authority seems to have been limited to the south, the former kingdom of Deira, and he took no action against the Scots so far as is known.[10] The work De obsessione Dunelmi (The siege of Durham, associated with Symeon of Durham) claims that Uchtred's brother Eadwulf Cudel surrendered Lothian to Máel Coluim, presumably in the aftermath of the defeat at Carham. This is likely to have been the lands between Dunbar and the Tweed as other parts of Lothian had been under Scots control before this time. It has been suggested that Cnut received tribute from the Scots for Lothian, but as he had likely received none from the Bernician Earls this is not very probable.[11]
[edit] Cnut

Cnut, reports the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, led an army into Scotland on his return from pilgrimage to Rome. The Chronicle dates this to 1031, but there are reasons to suppose that it should be dated to 1027.[12] Burgundian chronicler Rodulfus Glaber recounts the expedition soon afterwards, describing Máel Coluim as "powerful in resources and arms ... very Christian in faith and deed."[13] Ralph claims that peace was made between Máel Coluim and Cnut through the intervention of Richard, Duke of Normandy, brother of Cnut's wife Emma. Richard died in about 1027 and Rodulfus wrote close in time to the events.[14]

It has been suggested that the root of the quarrel between Cnut and Máel Coluim lies in Cnut's pilgrimage to Rome, and the coronation of Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II, where Cnut and Rudolph III, King of Burgundy had the place of honour. If Máel Coluim were present, and the repeated mentions of his piety in the annals make it quite possible that he made a pilgrimage to Rome, as did Mac Bethad mac Findláich ("Macbeth") in later times, then the coronation would have allowed Máel Coluim to publicly snub Cnut's claims to overlordship.[15]

Cnut obtained rather less than previous English kings, a promise of peace and friendship rather than the promise of aid on land and sea that Edgar and others had obtained. The sources say that Máel Coluim was accompanied by one or two other kings, certainly Mac Bethad, and perhaps Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, King of Mann and the Isles, and of Galloway.[16] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle remarks of the submission "but he [Máel Coluim] adhered to that for only a little while".[17] Cnut was soon occupied in Norway against Olaf Haraldsson and appears to have had no further involvement with Scotland.
[edit] Orkney and Moray

A daughter of Máel Coluim, "Donalda", married Sigurd Hlodvisson, Earl of Orkney.[18] Their son Thorfinn Sigurdsson was said to be five years old when Sigurd was killed on 23 April 1014 in the Battle of Clontarf. The Orkneyinga Saga says that Thorfinn was raised at Máel Coluim's court and was given the Mormaerdom of Caithness by his grandfather. Thorfinn, says the Heimskringla, was the ally of the king of Scots, and counted on Máel Coluim's support to resist the "tyranny" of Norwegian King Olaf Haraldsson.[19] The chronology of Thorfinn's life is problematic, and he may have had a share in the Earldom of Orkney while still a child, if he was indeed only five in 1014.[20] Whatever the exact chronology, before Máel Coluim's death a client of the king of Scots was in control of Caithness and Orkney, although, as with all such relationships, it is unlikely to have lasted beyond his death.

If Máel Coluim exercised control over Moray, which is far from being generally accepted, then the annals record a number of events pointing to a struggle for power in the north. In 1020, Mac Bethad's father Findláech mac Ruaidrí was killed by the sons of his brother Máel Brigte.[21] It seems that Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti took control of Moray, for his death is reported in 1029.[22]

Despite the accounts of the Irish annals, English and Scandinavian writers appear to see Mac Bethad as the rightful king of Moray: this is clear from their descriptions of the meeting with Cnut in 1027, before the death of Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti. Máel Coluim was followed as king or mormaer by his brother Gille Coemgáin, husband of Gruoch, a granddaughter of King Cináed III. It has been supposed that Mac Bethad was responsible for the killing of Gille Coemgáin in 1032, but if Mac Bethad had a cause for feud in the killing of his father in 1020, Máel Coluim too had reason to see Gille Coemgáin dead. Not only had Gille Coemgáin's ancestors killed many of Máel Coluim's kin, but Gille Coemgáin and his son Lulach might be rivals for the throne. Máel Coluim had no living sons, and the threat to his plans for the succession was obvious. As a result, the following year Gruoch's brother or nephew, who might have eventually become king, was killed by Máel Coluim.[23]
[edit] Strathclyde and the succession

It has traditionally been supposed that King Eógan the Bald of Strathclyde died at the Battle of Carham and that the kingdom passed into the hands of the Scots afterwards. This rests on some very weak evidence. It is far from certain that Eógan died at Carham, and it is reasonably certain that there were kings of Strathclyde as late as the 1054, when Edward the Confessor sent Earl Siward to install "Máel Coluim son of the king of the Cumbrians". The confusion is old, probably inspired by William of Malmesbury and embellished by John of Fordun, but there is no firm evidence that the kingdom of Strathclyde was a part of the kingdom of the Scots, rather than a loosely subjected kingdom, before the time of Máel Coluim II of Scotland's great-grandson Máel Coluim mac Donnchada.[24]

By the 1030s Máel Coluim's sons, if he had any, were dead. The only evidence that he did have a son or sons is in Rodulfus Glaber's chronicle where Cnut is said to have stood as godfather to a son of Máel Coluim.[25] His grandson Thorfinn would have been unlikely to accepted as king by the Scots, and he chose the sons of his other daughter, Bethóc, who was married to Crínán, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and perhaps Mormaer of Atholl. It may be no more than coincidence, but in 1027 the Irish annals had reported the burning of Dunkeld, although no mention is made of the circumstances.[26] Máel Coluim's chosen heir, and the first tánaise ríg certainly known in Scotland, was Donnchad mac Crínáin ("Duncan I").

It is possible that a third daughter of Máel Coluim married Findláech mac Ruaidrí and that Mac Bethad was thus his grandson, but this rests on relatively weak evidence.[27]
[edit] Death and posterity
C19th engraving of "King Malcolm's grave stone" (Glamis no. 2) at Glamis

Máel Coluim died in 1034, Marianus Scotus giving the date as 25 November 1034. The king lists say that he died at Glamis, variously describing him as a "most glorious" or "most victorious" king. The Annals of Tigernach report that "Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, king of Scotland, the honour of all the west of Europe, died." The Prophecy of Berchán, perhaps the inspiration for John of Fordun and Andrew of Wyntoun's accounts where Máel Coluim is killed fighting bandits, says that he died by violence, fighting "the parricides", suggested to be the sons of Máel Brigte of Moray.[28]

Perhaps the most notable feature of Máel Coluim's death is the account of Marianus, matched by the silence of the Irish annals, which tells us that Donnchad I became king and ruled for five years and nine months. Given that his death in 1040 is described as being "at an immature age" in the Annals of Tigernach, he must have been a young man in 1034. The absence of any opposition suggests that Máel Coluim had dealt thoroughly with any likely opposition in his own lifetime.[29]

Tradition, dating from Fordun's time if not earlier, knew the Pictish stone now called "Glamis 2" as "King Malcolm's grave stone". The stone is a Class II stone, apparently formed by re-using a Bronze Age standing stone. Its dating is uncertain, with dates from the 8th century onwards having been proposed. While an earlier date is favoured, an association with accounts of Máel Coluim's has been proposed on the basis of the iconography of the carvings.[30]

On the question of Máel Coluim's putative pilgrimage, pilgrimages to Rome, or other long-distance journeys, were far from unusual. Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Cnut and Mac Bethad have already been mentioned. Rognvald Kali Kolsson is known to have gone crusading in the Mediterranean in the 12th century. Nearer in time, Dyfnwal of Strathclyde died on pilgrimage to Rome in 975 as did Máel Ruanaid uá Máele Doraid, King of the Cenél Conaill, in 1025.

Not a great deal is known of Máel Coluim's activities beyond the wars and killings. The Book of Deer records that Máel Coluim "gave a king's dues in Biffie and in Pett Meic-Gobraig, and two davochs" to the monastery of Old Deer.[31] He was also probably not the founder of the Bishopric of Mortlach-Aberdeen. John of Fordun has a peculiar tale to tell, related to the supposed "Laws of Malcolm MacKenneth", saying that Máel Coluim gave away all of Scotland, except for the Moot Hill at Scone, which is unlikely to have any basis in fact.[32]

References

For primary sources see also External links below.

* Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History A.D. 500–1286, volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990. ISBN 1-871615-03-8
* Anon., Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney, tr. Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards. Penguin, London, 1978. ISBN 0-14-044383-5
* Barrow, G.W.S., The Kingdom of the Scots. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2003. ISBN 0-7486-1803-1
* Duncan, A.A.M., The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. ISBN 0-7486-1626-8
* Fletcher, Richard, Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England. Penguin, London, 2002. ISBN 0-14-028692-6
* John of Fordun, Chronicle of the Scottish Nation, ed. William Forbes Skene, tr. Felix J.H. Skene, 2 vols. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993. ISBN 1-897853-05-X
* Higham, N.J., The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–1100. Sutton, Stroud, 1993. ISBN 0-86299-730-5
* Hudson, Benjamin T., The Prophecy of Berchán: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages. Greenwood, London, 1996.
* Smyth, Alfred P. Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80–1000. Reprinted, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1998. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7
* Stenton, Sir Frank, Anglo-Saxon England. 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1971 ISBN 0-19-280139-2
* Sturluson, Snorri, Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway, tr. Lee M. Hollander. Reprinted University of Texas Press, Austin, 1992. ISBN 0-292-73061-6

[edit] External links

* CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork includes the Annals of Ulster, Tigernach, the Four Masters and Innisfallen, the Chronicon Scotorum, the Lebor Bretnach (which includes the Duan Albanach), Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress.
* Heimskringla at World Wide School
* Orkneyinga Saga at Northvegr
* Anglo-Saxon Chronicle an XML edition by Tony Jebson (translation at OMACL)

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland
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Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich, known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II; died 25 November 1034), was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death. He was a son of Cináed mac Maíl Coluim; the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Máel Coluim was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was not the only king in Ireland, Máel Coluim was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the Kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the south-east.

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Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich), known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II (c. 980–25 November 1034), was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death. He was a son of Kenneth II (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim); the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Malcolm was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was not the only king in Ireland, Malcolm was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the Kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the south-east.
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Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich),[1] known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II (died 25 November 1034),[2] was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death.[3] He was a son of Cináed mac Maíl Coluim; the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".[4]

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Máel Coluim was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was not the only king in Ireland, Máel Coluim was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the Kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the south-east.[5]

REF: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland
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The first king to reign over an extent of land roughly corresponding to much of modern Scotland.

Malcolm succeeded to the throne after killing his predecessor, Kenneth III, and allegedly secured his territory by defeating a Northumbrian army at the battle of Carham (c. 1016); he not only confirmed the Scottish hold over the land between the rivers Forth and Tweed but also secured Strathclyde about the same time. Eager to secure the royal succession for his daughter's son Duncan, he tried to eliminate possible rival claimants; but Macbeth, with royal connections to both Kenneth II and Kenneth III, survived to challenge the succession.

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Malcolm II of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) (c. 954 - November 25, 1034) was King of Scots (Alba) from 1005 to 1034. He was the son of King Kenneth II of Scotland and first cousin of his predecessor, King Kenneth III of Scotland (Cináed mac Duib), who was murdered by Malcolm II at the Battle of Monzievaird in 1005 .

His rule was contested for ten years during the reign of Kenneth III but Malcolm II finally gained the throne after Kenneth III's death. It appears that he only ruled part of Scotland during his reign, in opposition to leaders from Moray such as Findláech mac Ruaidrí (d. 1020, probably father of Macbeth), and Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti (d. 1029), both of whom were also called Kings of Alba (and therefore Scotland) in the Irish annals, though neither are called Kings of Scotland in modern texts. In 1006, Malcolm II was defeated by Northumbrian forces under Uhtred the Bold while besieging Durham. The English then became preoccupied with the Danish allowing Malcolm II to march south, avenging the loss at Durham by winning the Battle of Carham against the Anglo-Saxons in 1016 and, thereby, regaining Lothian. Thirteen years later, however, Canute, King of England, Denmark, and Norway, travelled to Scotland. What happened is lost to time, but claims that Malcolm II submitted to Canute seem very unlikely. However, Canute seems to have recognised Malcolm II's possession of Lothian.

In the west, Malcolm II made an alliance with King Owen the Bald of Strathclyde and together they defeated King Canute at the Battle of Carham in 1018. At the same time, the marriage of his daughter to Sigurd the Stout, Norse Earl of Orkney, extended Malcolm II's influence to the far north. He battled to expand his kingdom, gaining land down to the River Tweed and in Strathclyde. When King Owen died without an heir, Malcolm II claimed Strathclyde for his grandson, Duncan. This caused dissent throughout the Kingdom of Strathclyde which resulted in Malcolm II's murder at Glamis in 1034. He was buried on the Isle of Iona shortly after.

As the last of the House of Alpin, he did not have any sons to succeed him. He, therefore, arranged good marriages for his daughters. One daughter married Earl Sigurd of Orkney and their son Thorfinn brought the lands of Caithness and Sutherland under the control of the King of Alba. His elder daughter, Bethoc , married Crínán, the Abbot of Dunkeld and their son became Duncan I (c. 1010 - 1040), who succeeded Malcolm II upon his death in 1034.

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Malcolm II of Alba, King of Scotland was born circa 954. He was the son of Kenneth II of Alba, King of Scotland.

He married an unknown person circa 980.

He died on 25 November 1034 at Glamis Castle, Glamis, Angus, Scotland, killed by his kinsmen. He was buried at Isle of Iona, Argyllshire, Scotland.

Malcolm II of Alba, King of Scotland succeeded to the title of King Malcolm of Strathclyde between 990 and 991. He was deposed as King of Strathclyde in 995. He gained the title of King Malcolm of Strathclyde in 997. He succeeded to the title of King Malcolm II of Scotland on 25 March 1005. He gained the title of King Malcolm of Lothian circa 1016. He gained the title of King Malcolm of Alba. He gained the title of Prince Malcolm of Cumbria.

Children of Malcolm II of Alba, King of Scotland:

* Donalda of Alba

* Bethoc of Scotland b. c 984

http://www.thepeerage.com/p10289.htm#i102888

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Name: Mael Coluim mac Cinaeda. Mortally wounded by rival branches of the royal house. From a diary of Constance Smith (a relation) she wrote, 'he ws laid to die in the anteroom by the drawing room'. Buried ~ small island, in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. Iona has an important place in the history of Christianity in Scotland as is popular for its tranquility & natural beauty.

Sources:

The book, 'Scotlands Story'

The book, 'The Queen Mother'

(plus many more ~ see Ancestors/Descendants)
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Malcolm II of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) c. 954-1034 was King of Scotland (Alba) from 1005 to 1034. He was the son of King Kenneth II and first cousin of his predecessor, King Kenneth III (Cináed mac Duib), who was murdered by Malcolm at the Battle of Monzievaird in 1005. He was the last king of the House of Alpin.

His rule was contested for ten years during the reign of Kenneth III but Malcolm finally gained the throne after Kenneth's death. It appears that he only ruled part of Scotland during his reign, in opposition to leaders from Moray such as Findláech mac Ruadrí (d. 1020, probably father of Macbeth), and Máel Coluim mac Máel Brigte (d. 1029), both of whom were also called kings of Alba (and therefore Scotland) in the Irish annals, though neither are called kings of Scotland in modern texts. In 1006, Malcolm was defeated by Northumbrian forces at Durham. The English then became preoccupied with the Danish allowing Malcolm to march south, avenging the loss at Durham by winning the Battle of Carham against the Anglo-Saxons in 1018 and, thereby, regaining Lothian. Thirteen years later, however, Canute, king of England, Denmark, and Norway, invaded Scotland, and forced the Scottish king to submit to him (submission was a traditional expression of personal homage). However, Canute seems to have recognised Malcolm's possession of Lothian.

In the west, Malcolm made an alliance with King Owen the Bald of Strathclyde and together they defeated King Canute at the Battle of Carham in 1018. At the same time, the marriage of his daughter to Sigurd the Stout, Norse Earl of Orkney, extended Malcolm's influence to the far north. He battled to expand his kingdom, gaining land down to the River Tweed and in Strathclyde. When King Owen died without an heir, Malcolm claimed Strathclyde for his grandson, Duncan. This caused dissent throughout the kingdom of Strathclyde which resulted in Malcolm's murder at Glamis in 1034. He was buried on the Isle of Iona shortly after.

As the last of the House of Alpin, he did not have any sons to succeed him. He, therefore, arranged good marriages for his daughters. One daughter married Earl Sigurd of Orkney and their son Thorfinn brought the lands of Caithness and Sutherland under the control of the King of Alba. His elder daughter, Bethoc, married the Abbot of Dunkeld and their son became Duncan I(c.1010-1040), who succeeded Malcolm upon his death in 1034.

After Malcolm II's reign, Scottish succession changed to be based on the principle of direct descent. (Previously, succession was determined by tanistry - during a king's lifetime an heir was chosen and known as tanaiste rig - 'second to the king'.)
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Malcolm_II . Married N.N., daughter of Sigurd

JARL_OF_ORKNEY. Died 25 NOV 1034. !GENEALOGY: Royal Ancestors

of Magna Charta Barons; Page; 226; G929.72; C6943ra; Denver

Public Library; Genealogy

Children of Malcolm_II and N.N.:

22 i Donda , d. 1034

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SOURCES:

1) GENEALOGY: Royal Ancestors of Magna Charta Barons; Page 228; G929.72;

C6943ra; Denver Public Library; Genealogy

Malcolm II, King of Scots 1005-34, was murdered 25 Nov 1034

2) GENEALOGY: Royal Ancestors of Magna Charta Barons; Page; 226; G929.72;

C6943ra; Denver Public Library; Genealogy
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Malcolm II of ScotlandFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Malcolm II

Fanciful and anachronistic 17th century depiction of the king; his actual appearance is unknown
King of Alba
Reign 1005–1034
Predecessor Kenneth III
Successor Duncan I

Issue
Bethóc
Donada
Olith

House Alpin
Father Kenneth II, King of Alba
Died 25 November 1034(1034-11-25)
Glamis
Burial Iona
Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich,[1] known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II; died 25 November 1034),[2] was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death.[3] He was a son of Cináed mac Maíl Coluim; the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".[4]

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Máel Coluim was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was not the only king in Ireland, Máel Coluim was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the Kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the Kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the south-east.[5]

Contents
1 Early years
2 Children
3 Bernicia
4 Cnut
5 Orkney and Moray
6 Strathclyde and the succession
7 Death and posterity
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links

[edit] Early yearsIn 997, the killer of Causantín mac Cuilén is credited as being Cináed mac Maíl Coluim. Since there is no known and relevant Cináed alive at that time (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim having died in 995), it is considered an error for either Cináed mac Duib, who succeeded Causantín, or, possibly, Máel Coluim himself, the son of Cináed II.[6] Whether Máel Coluim killed Causantín or not, there is no doubt that in 1005 he killed Causantín's successor Cináed III in battle at Monzievaird in Strathearn.[7]

John of Fordun writes that Máel Coluim defeated a Norwegian army "in almost the first days after his coronation", but this is not reported elsewhere. Fordun says that the Bishopric of Mortlach (later moved to Aberdeen) was founded in thanks for this victory over the Norwegians.[8]

[edit] ChildrenMalcolm II demonstrated a rare ability to survive among early Scottish kings by reigning for twenty-nine years. He was a clever and ambitious man. Brehon tradition provided that the successor to Malcolm was to be selected by him from among the descendants of King Aedh, with the consent of Malcolm’s ministers and of the church. Ostensibly in an attempt to end the devastating feuds in the north of Scotland, but obviously influenced by the Norman feudal model, Malcolm ignored tradition and determined to retain the succession within his own line. But since Malcolm had no son of his own, he undertook to negotiate a series of dynastic marriages of his three daughters to men who might otherwise be his rivals, while securing the loyalty of the principal chiefs, their relatives. First he married his daughter Bethoc to Crinan, Thane of The Isles, head of the house of Atholl and secular Abbot of Dunkeld; then his youngest daughter, Olith, to Sigurd, Earl of Orkney. His middle daughter, Donada, was married to Findláich, Mormaer of Moray, Thane of Ross and Cromarty and a descendant of Loarn of Dalriada. This was risky business under the rules of succession of the Gael, but he thereby secured his rear and, taking advantage of the renewal of Viking attacks on England, marched south to fight the English. He defeated the Angles at Carham in 1018 and installed his grandson, Duncan, son of the Abbot of Dunkeld and his choice as Tanist, in Carlisle as King of Cumbria that same year.[9]

[edit] BerniciaThe first reliable report of Máel Coluim's reign is of an invasion of Bernicia in 1006, perhaps the customary crech ríg (literally royal prey, a raid by a new king made to demonstrate prowess in war), which involved a siege of Durham. This appears to have resulted in a heavy defeat by the Northumbrians, led by Uhtred of Bamburgh, later Earl of Bernicia, which is reported by the Annals of Ulster.[10]

A second war in Bernicia, probably in 1018, was more successful. The Battle of Carham, by the River Tweed, was a victory for the Scots led by Máel Coluim and the men of Strathclyde led by their king, Owen the Bald. By this time Earl Uchtred may have been dead, and Eiríkr Hákonarson was appointed Earl of Northumbria by his brother-in-law Cnut the Great, although his authority seems to have been limited to the south, the former kingdom of Deira, and he took no action against the Scots so far as is known.[11] The work De obsessione Dunelmi (The siege of Durham, associated with Symeon of Durham) claims that Uchtred's brother Eadwulf Cudel surrendered Lothian to Máel Coluim, presumably in the aftermath of the defeat at Carham. This is likely to have been the lands between Dunbar and the Tweed as other parts of Lothian had been under Scots control before this time. It has been suggested that Cnut received tribute from the Scots for Lothian, but as he had likely received none from the Bernician Earls this is not very probable.[12]

[edit] CnutCnut, reports the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, led an army into Scotland on his return from pilgrimage to Rome. The Chronicle dates this to 1031, but there are reasons to suppose that it should be dated to 1027.[13] Burgundian chronicler Rodulfus Glaber recounts the expedition soon afterwards, describing Máel Coluim as "powerful in resources and arms ... very Christian in faith and deed."[14] Ralph claims that peace was made between Máel Coluim and Cnut through the intervention of Richard, Duke of Normandy, brother of Cnut's wife Emma. Richard died in about 1027 and Rodulfus wrote close in time to the events.[15]

It has been suggested that the root of the quarrel between Cnut and Máel Coluim lies in Cnut's pilgrimage to Rome, and the coronation of Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II, where Cnut and Rudolph III, King of Burgundy had the place of honour. If Máel Coluim were present, and the repeated mentions of his piety in the annals make it quite possible that he made a pilgrimage to Rome, as did Mac Bethad mac Findláich ("Macbeth") in later times, then the coronation would have allowed Máel Coluim to publicly snub Cnut's claims to overlordship.[16]

Cnut obtained rather less than previous English kings, a promise of peace and friendship rather than the promise of aid on land and sea that Edgar and others had obtained. The sources say that Máel Coluim was accompanied by one or two other kings, certainly Mac Bethad, and perhaps Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, King of Mann and the Isles, and of Galloway.[17] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle remarks of the submission "but he [Máel Coluim] adhered to that for only a little while".[18] Cnut was soon occupied in Norway against Olaf Haraldsson and appears to have had no further involvement with Scotland.

[edit] Orkney and MorayOlith a daughter of Máel Coluim, married Sigurd Hlodvisson, Earl of Orkney.[19] Their son Thorfinn Sigurdsson was said to be five years old when Sigurd was killed on 23 April 1014 in the Battle of Clontarf. The Orkneyinga Saga says that Thorfinn was raised at Máel Coluim's court and was given the Mormaerdom of Caithness by his grandfather. Thorfinn, says the Heimskringla, was the ally of the king of Scots, and counted on Máel Coluim's support to resist the "tyranny" of Norwegian King Olaf Haraldsson.[20] The chronology of Thorfinn's life is problematic, and he may have had a share in the Earldom of Orkney while still a child, if he was indeed only five in 1014.[21] Whatever the exact chronology, before Máel Coluim's death a client of the king of Scots was in control of Caithness and Orkney, although, as with all such relationships, it is unlikely to have lasted beyond his death.

If Máel Coluim exercised control over Moray, which is far from being generally accepted, then the annals record a number of events pointing to a struggle for power in the north. In 1020, Mac Bethad's father Findláech mac Ruaidrí was killed by the sons of his brother Máel Brigte.[22] It seems that Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti took control of Moray, for his death is reported in 1029.[23]

Despite the accounts of the Irish annals, English and Scandinavian writers appear to see Mac Bethad as the rightful king of Moray: this is clear from their descriptions of the meeting with Cnut in 1027, before the death of Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti. Máel Coluim was followed as king or mormaer by his brother Gille Coemgáin, husband of Gruoch, a granddaughter of King Cináed III. It has been supposed that Mac Bethad was responsible for the killing of Gille Coemgáin in 1032, but if Mac Bethad had a cause for feud in the killing of his father in 1020, Máel Coluim too had reason to see Gille Coemgáin dead. Not only had Gille Coemgáin's ancestors killed many of Máel Coluim's kin, but Gille Coemgáin and his son Lulach might be rivals for the throne. Máel Coluim had no living sons, and the threat to his plans for the succession was obvious. As a result, the following year Gruoch's brother or nephew, who might have eventually become king, was killed by Máel Coluim.[24]

[edit] Strathclyde and the successionIt has traditionally been supposed that King Eógan the Bald of Strathclyde died at the Battle of Carham and that the kingdom passed into the hands of the Scots afterwards. This rests on some very weak evidence. It is far from certain that Eógan died at Carham, and it is reasonably certain that there were kings of Strathclyde as late as the 1054, when Edward the Confessor sent Earl Siward to install "Máel Coluim son of the king of the Cumbrians". The confusion is old, probably inspired by William of Malmesbury and embellished by John of Fordun, but there is no firm evidence that the kingdom of Strathclyde was a part of the kingdom of the Scots, rather than a loosely subjected kingdom, before the time of Máel Coluim II of Scotland's great-grandson Máel Coluim mac Donnchada.[25]

By the 1030s Máel Coluim's sons, if he had any, were dead. The only evidence that he did have a son or sons is in Rodulfus Glaber's chronicle where Cnut is said to have stood as godfather to a son of Máel Coluim.[26] His grandson Thorfinn would have been unlikely to accepted as king by the Scots, and he chose the sons of his other daughter, Bethóc, who was married to Crínán, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and perhaps Mormaer of Atholl. It may be no more than coincidence, but in 1027 the Irish annals had reported the burning of Dunkeld, although no mention is made of the circumstances.[27] Máel Coluim's chosen heir, and the first tánaise ríg certainly known in Scotland, was Donnchad mac Crínáin ("Duncan I").

It is possible that a third daughter of Máel Coluim married Findláech mac Ruaidrí and that Mac Bethad was thus his grandson, but this rests on relatively weak evidence.[28]

[edit] Death and posterity
C19th engraving of "King Malcolm's grave stone" (Glamis no. 2) at GlamisMáel Coluim died in 1034, Marianus Scotus giving the date as 25 November 1034. The king lists say that he died at Glamis, variously describing him as a "most glorious" or "most victorious" king. The Annals of Tigernach report that "Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, king of Scotland, the honour of all the west of Europe, died." The Prophecy of Berchán, perhaps the inspiration for John of Fordun and Andrew of Wyntoun's accounts where Máel Coluim is killed fighting bandits, says that he died by violence, fighting "the parricides", suggested to be the sons of Máel Brigte of Moray.[29]

Perhaps the most notable feature of Máel Coluim's death is the account of Marianus, matched by the silence of the Irish annals, which tells us that Donnchad I became king and ruled for five years and nine months. Given that his death in 1040 is described as being "at an immature age" in the Annals of Tigernach, he must have been a young man in 1034. The absence of any opposition suggests that Máel Coluim had dealt thoroughly with any likely opposition in his own lifetime.[30]

Tradition, dating from Fordun's time if not earlier, knew the Pictish stone now called "Glamis 2" as "King Malcolm's grave stone". The stone is a Class II stone, apparently formed by re-using a Bronze Age standing stone. Its dating is uncertain, with dates from the 8th century onwards having been proposed. While an earlier date is favoured, an association with accounts of Máel Coluim's has been proposed on the basis of the iconography of the carvings.[31]

On the question of Máel Coluim's putative pilgrimage, pilgrimages to Rome, or other long-distance journeys, were far from unusual. Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Cnut and Mac Bethad have already been mentioned. Rognvald Kali Kolsson is known to have gone crusading in the Mediterranean in the 12th century. Nearer in time, Dyfnwal of Strathclyde died on pilgrimage to Rome in 975 as did Máel Ruanaid uá Máele Doraid, King of the Cenél Conaill, in 1025.

Not a great deal is known of Máel Coluim's activities beyond the wars and killings. The Book of Deer records that Máel Coluim "gave a king's dues in Biffie and in Pett Meic-Gobraig, and two davochs" to the monastery of Old Deer.[32] He was also probably not the founder of the Bishopric of Mortlach-Aberdeen. John of Fordun has a peculiar tale to tell, related to the supposed "Laws of Malcolm MacKenneth", saying that Máel Coluim gave away all of Scotland, except for the Moot Hill at Scone, which is unlikely to have any basis in fact.[33]

--------------------
Reign 25 Mar 1005-25 Nov 1034. Malcolm became king of Scots in 1005, after killing his cousin and predecessor Kenneth son of Dub in a battle. He led an attack on Durham, England in 1006, but was decisively defeated after the siege was broken. The most important event of his reign was probably the battle of Carham, which occurred in either 1016 or 1018. Malcolm led an invasion of Northumbria, and his victory pushed the Scottish realm well into traditional English territories. An important consequence of the battle was the death of Owen, the last native king of Strathclyde, which, from this point on, was part of the kingdom of the Scots.

A notable external event was Malcolm's meeting with King Canute of England in 1031.

Malcolm had no sons, but he apparently wanted his descendants to rule the Scots, so he tried to revolutionize succession practices by arranging to have one of his grandsons succeed him. To this end, he had competing claimants of the house of Alpin murdered in the early 1030's. Upon his death he was succeeded by his grandson Duncan.
--------------------
Murdered.
King of Alba, King of Strathclyde. Said to have married an Irishwoman
King Of Scotland between 1005 and 1034

--------------------
Konge av Skotland 1005-34.
--------------------
King of Alba

Reign
1005–1034

Predecessor
Kenneth III

Successor
Duncan I

Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich,[1] known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II; died 25 November 1034),[2] was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death.[3] He was a son of Cináed mac Maíl Coluim; the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".[4]

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Máel Coluim was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was not the only king in Ireland, Máel Coluim was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the Kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the southeast.[5]

Issue

Bethóc
Donada
Olith

House
Alpin

Father
Kenneth II, King of Alba

Born
5 October 954

Died
25 November 1034
Glamis

Burial
Iona

--------------------
Máel Coluim mac Cináeda known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death. He was a son of Cináed mac Maíl Coluim; the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Máel Coluim was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was not the only king in Ireland, Máel Coluim was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the Kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the southeast.

Máel Coluim died in 1034, Marianus Scotus giving the date as 25 November 1034. The king lists say that he died at Glamis, variously describing him as a "most glorious" or "most victorious" king. The Annals of Tigernach report that "Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, king of Scotland, the honour of all the west of Europe, died." The Prophecy of Berchán, perhaps the inspiration for John of Fordun and Andrew of Wyntoun's accounts where Máel Coluim is killed fighting bandits, says that he died by violence, fighting "the parricides", suggested to be the sons of Máel Brigte of Moray.

Perhaps the most notable feature of Máel Coluim's death is the account of Marianus, matched by the silence of the Irish annals, which tells us that Donnchad I became king and ruled for five years and nine months. Given that his death in 1040 is described as being "at an immature age" in the Annals of Tigernach, he must have been a young man in 1034. The absence of any opposition suggests that Máel Coluim had dealt thoroughly with any likely opposition in his own lifetime.

Tradition, dating from Fordun's time if not earlier, knew the Pictish stone now called "Glamis 2" as "King Malcolm's grave stone". The stone is a Class II stone, apparently formed by re-using a Bronze Age standing stone. Its dating is uncertain, with dates from the 8th century onwards having been proposed. While an earlier date is favoured, an association with accounts of Máel Coluim's has been proposed on the basis of the iconography of the carvings.

On the question of Máel Coluim's putative pilgrimage, pilgrimages to Rome, or other long-distance journeys, were far from unusual. Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Cnut and Mac Bethad have already been mentioned. Rognvald Kali Kolsson is known to have gone crusading in the Mediterranean in the 12th century. Nearer in time, Dyfnwal of Strathclyde died on pilgrimage to Rome in 975 as did Máel Ruanaid uá Máele Doraid, King of the Cenél Conaill, in 1025.

Not a great deal is known of Máel Coluim's activities beyond the wars and killings. The Book of Deer records that Máel Coluim "gave a king's dues in Biffie and in Pett Meic-Gobraig, and two davochs" to the monastery of Old Deer. He was also probably not the founder of the Bishopric of Mortlach-Aberdeen. John of Fordun has a peculiar tale to tell, related to the supposed "Laws of Malcolm MacKenneth", saying that Máel Coluim gave away all of Scotland, except for the Moot Hill at Scone, which is unlikely to have any basis in fact.
--------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland
--------------------
http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#_Toc209085740

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland

MEDIEVAL LANDS

a) MALCOLM ([954]-Glamis Castle, Angus 25 Nov 1034, bur Isle of Iona). The 11th century Synchronisms of Flann Mainistreach name (in order) "…Cuillen mac Illiulb, Cinaet mac Maelcolaim, Custantin mac Cuilen, Cinaet mac Duib, Maelcolaim mac Cinaeta" as Scottish kings, dated to the 10th and 11th centuries[147]. The 12th century Cronica Regum Scottorum lists "…Malcolin filius Kinet xxx…" as king[148]. He is named "Malcolmum filium Cyneth regem Scottorum" in the Historia Regem[149]. It is tempting to suggest that either he, or his first cousin with the same name, spent time at the court of Edgar King of England during his youth, as "Malcolm dux" subscribed a charter of King Edgar relating to land in Cambridgeshire and Norfolk dated 970[150], but there is no proof of the co-identity of these persons. He succeeded in 1005 as MALCOLM II King of Scotland. The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that Grime was killed by Malcolm, son of King Kenneth II, who succeeded as king[151]. He attacked northern England in 1006. King of Lothian from [1016], becoming effective ruler of the whole of Scotland. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Malcolm submitted to Canute King of England in 1031, along with "two other kings, Mælbeth and Iehmarc"[152]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun defended Cumbria against King Canute, who agreed that it should be ruled by Malcolm´s grandson Duncan[153]. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1034 of "Mael Coluim son of Cinaed, king of Scotland"[154]. The Annals of Tigernach record the death in 1034 of “Mael-Coluímb son of Cinaed king of Scotland”[155]. The Chronicle of the Scots and Picts dated 1177 records that "Malcolm mac Kynnat Rex" reigned for 30 years, died "in Glammes" and was buried "in Yona"[156]. The Chronicle of the Picts and Scots dated 1251 includes the same information[157].

m ---. The name of Malcolm's wife is not known.

King Malcolm III & his wife had [four] children:

i) BETHOC . The "Genealogy of King William the Lyon" dated 1175 names "Betoch filii Malcolmi" as parent of "Malcolmi filii Dunecani"[158]. The Chronicle of the Scots and Picts dated 1177 names "Cran Abbatis de Dunkelden et Bethok filia Malcolm mac Kynnet" as parents of King Duncan[159]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that King Malcolm II had "an only daughter…Beatrice who married Crynyne Abthane of Dul and Steward of the Isles…in some annals, by a blunder of the writer…abbot of Dul"[160]. Lady of Atholl.

m ([1000]) CRINAN "the Thane" Mormaer of Atholl, son of DUNCAN Mormaer of Atholl & his wife --- (-killed in battle 1045). Abthane of Dule. Lay abbot of Dunkeld. Steward of the Western Isles. He was killed fighting King Macbeth.

ii) [DONADA . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1007.

m as his second wife, FINDLAECH MacRory Thane of Angus Mormaer of Moray, son of RUAIDHRI Mormaer of Moray & his wife --- (-1020). The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1020 of "Finnlaech son of Ruadrí king of Alba…killed by his own people"[161].] Donada & her husband had one child:

(a) MACBETH ([1005]-killed in battle Lumphanan, Aberdeenshire 15 Aug 1057, bur Isle of Iona). The 12th century Cronica Regum Scottorum lists "…Macheth filius Findleg xvii…" as king[162]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that "Machabeus son of Finele" killed King Duncan and succeeded as king in 1040[163]. Mormaer of Moray [1029/32]. He may have been one of the "two other kings, Mælbeth and Iehmarc" recorded by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has having submitted to Canute King of England in 1031 with King Malcolm II[164]. He succeeded in 1040 as MACBETH King of Scotland. The Chronicon of Mariano Scotti records that "Donnchal rex Scotiæ" was killed "1040 XIX Kal Sep" by "duce suo Macbethad mac Finnloech" who succeeded as king for 17 years[165]. The Annales Dunelmenses record that "comes Siward" invaded Scotland with a large army in 1046 and briefly expelled "rege Macbeod", the king recovering his realm when Siward withdrew[166]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that he was defeated in battle 27 Jul 1054 by the army of Siward Earl of Northumbria which had invaded Scotland[167]. The Annales Dunelmenses record that "Siwardus" put "Macbeth" to flight in 1054 and installed "Malcolmum rege" in the following year[168]. The Chronicon of Mariano Scotti records that "Macfinlaeg" was killed "1057…in Augusto"[169]. The Annals of Tigernach record that “Mac bethadh son of Findlaech overking of Scotland” was killed by “Malcolm, son of Donnchad” in 1058[170]. The Chronicle of the Scots and Picts dated 1177 records that "Maket mac Fyngal" reigned 17 years, was killed "in Lufanan a Malcolm mac Dunkat" and was buried "in Iona insula"[171]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that Malcolm recaptured his kingdom with the help of "Siward Earl of Northumberland" and killed "Machabeus" 5 Dec 1056[172]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that "Machabeus" was buried "in the island of Iona"[173]. m (after 1032) as her second husband, GRUOCH, widow of GILLACOMGAIN Mormaer of Moray, daughter of BOITE [Bodhe] of Scotland & his wife --- ([1015]-). "Machbet filius Finlach…et Gruoch filia Bodhe, rex et regina Scottorum" made grants to the church of St Serf, although the document also names "Malcolmus Rex filius Duncani" which casts doubt on its authenticity[174].

iii) [son . Rodulfus Glaber refers to Canute King of England seeking "the friendship of the king of the Scots, receiving his son at the font of baptism"[175]. This passage follows a description of "the Scots whose king was called Malcolm" resisting King Canute's invasion, undated but from the context apparently occurring at the start of Canute's reign. If it is correct that King Malcolm had a son baptised at this time, he would have been considerably younger than the king's daughters, presumably therefore born to a different mother. No corroborative evidence for the existence of this son has been found in other contemporary sources.]

iv) [daughter . Orkneyinga Saga records that “Earl Sigurd” married “the daughter of Malcolm King of Scots”[176]. Snorre records the marriage of "Sigurd the Thick" and "a daughter of the Scottish king Malcolm"[177]. It appears unlikely that Sigurd´s wife could have been King Malcolm´s daughter Donada (as shown in many secondary sources, including the Complete Peerage[178]) if it is correct that Donada´s recorded husband Findlaech was killed in 1020 and also that their son was born in [1005][179].

m SIGURD "Digri" Hlodverson Jarl of Orkney and Caithness, son of HLODVIR [Lodver] Torfinnsson & his wife Audna --- (-killed in battle Clontarf 23 Apr 1014).]

Malcolm I had [one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress]:

3. [KENNETH . The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that "Constantine the Bald, son of King Culen" succeeded in 994 after King Kenneth II was killed, but that he was "continually harassed by Malcolm [son of King Kenneth] and his illegitimate uncle…Kenneth" and killed in battle "in Laudonia by the banks of the river Almond" after reigning for one and a half years[180]. He is not mentioned in any of the earlier sources so far consulted. His existence should be treated with caution.]

-----------------------

MacDonnell of Leinster webpage:

http://macdonnellofleinster.org/page_7y__the_birth_of_scotland.htm

Malcolm II (1005-1034), son of Kenneth II, demonstrated a rare ability to survive among early Scottish kings by reigning for twenty-nine years. He was a clever and ambitious man. Brehon tradition provided that the successor to Malcolm was to be selected by him from among the descendants of King Aedh, with the consent of Malcolm’s ministers and of the church. Ostensibly in an attempt to end the devastating feuds in the north of Scotland, but obviously influenced by the Norman feudal model, Malcolm ignored tradition and determined to retain the succession within his own line. But since Malcolm had no son of his own, he undertook to negotiate a series of dynastic marriages of his three daughters to men who might otherwise be his rivals, while securing the loyalty of the principal chiefs, their relatives.

First he married his daughter Bethoc to Crinan, Thane of The Isles, head of the house of Atholl and secular Abbot of Dunkeld; then his youngest daughter, Olith, to Sigurd, Earl of Orkney. His middle daughter, Donada, was married to Findláich, Mormaer of Moray, Thane of Ross and Cromarty and a descendant of Loarn of Dalriada. This was risky business under the rules of succession of the Gael, but he thereby secured his rear and, taking advantage of the renewal of Viking attacks on England, marched south to fight the Sasunnaich. He defeated the Angles at Carham in 1018 and installed his grandson, Duncan, son of the Abbot of Dunkeld and his choice as Tanist, in Carlisle as King of Cumbria that same year.

--------------------------------

WIKIPEDIA

Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich[1], known in modern anglicized regnal lists as Malcolm II; died 25 November 1034),[2] was King of the Scots from 1005 until his death.[3] He was a son of Cináed mac Maíl Coluim; the Prophecy of Berchán says that his mother was a woman of Leinster and refers to him as Máel Coluim Forranach, "the destroyer".[4]

To the Irish annals which recorded his death, Máel Coluim was ard rí Alban, High King of Scotland. In the same way that Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, was not the only king in Ireland, Máel Coluim was one of several kings within the geographical boundaries of modern Scotland: his fellow kings included the king of Strathclyde, who ruled much of the south-west, various Norse-Gael kings of the western coasts and the Hebrides and, nearest and most dangerous rivals, the Kings or Mormaers of Moray. To the south, in the kingdom of England, the Earls of Bernicia and Northumbria, whose predecessors as kings of Northumbria had once ruled most of southern Scotland, still controlled large parts of the south-east.[5]

Early years

In 997, the killer of Causantín mac Cuilén is credited as being Cináed mac Maíl Coluim. Since there is no known and relevant Cináed alive at that time (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim having died in 995), it is considered an error for either Cináed mac Duib, who succeeded Causantín, or, possibly, Máel Coluim himself, the son of Cináed II.[6] Whether Máel Coluim killed Causantín or not, there is no doubt that in 1005 he killed Causantín's successor Cináed III in battle at Monzievaird in Strathearn.[7]

John of Fordun writes that Máel Coluim defeated a Norwegian army "in almost the first days after his coronation", but this is not reported elsewhere. Fordun says that the Bishopric of Mortlach (later moved to Aberdeen) was founded in thanks for this victory over the Norwegians, but this claim appears to have no foundation.[8]

Bernicia

The first reliable report of Máel Coluim's reign is of an invasion of Bernicia in 1006, perhaps the customary crech ríg (literally royal prey, a raid by a new king made to demonstrate prowess in war), which involved a siege of Durham. This appears to have resulted in a heavy defeat, by the Northumbrians led by Uhtred of Bamburgh, later Earl of Bernicia, which is reported by the Annals of Ulster.[9]

A second war in Bernicia, probably in 1018, was more successful. The Battle of Carham, by the River Tweed, was a victory for the Scots led by Máel Coluim and the men of Strathclyde led by their king, Owen the Bald. By this time Earl Uchtred may have been dead, and Eiríkr Hákonarson was appointed Earl of Northumbria by his brother-in-law Cnut the Great, although his authority seems to have been limited to the south, the former kingdom of Deira, and he took no action against the Scots so far as is known.[10] The work De obsessione Dunelmi (The siege of Durham, associated with Symeon of Durham) claims that Uchtred's brother Eadwulf Cudel surrendered Lothian to Máel Coluim, presumably in the aftermath of the defeat at Carham. This is likely to have been the lands between Dunbar and the Tweed as other parts of Lothian had been under Scots control before this time. It has been suggested that Cnut received tribute from the Scots for Lothian, but as he had likely received none from the Bernician Earls this is not very probable.[11]

Cnut

Cnut, reports the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, led an army into Scotland on his return from pilgrimage to Rome. The Chronicle dates this to 1031, but there are reasons to suppose that it should be dated to 1027.[12] Burgundian chronicler Rodulfus Glaber recounts the expedition soon afterwards, describing Máel Coluim as "powerful in resources and arms ... very Christian in faith and deed."[13] Ralph claims that peace was made between Máel Coluim and Cnut through the intervention of Richard, Duke of Normandy, brother of Cnut's wife Emma. Richard died in about 1027 and Rodulfus wrote close in time to the events.[14]

It has been suggested that the root of the quarrel between Cnut and Máel Coluim lies in Cnut's pilgrimage to Rome, and the coronation of Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II, where Cnut and Rudolph III, King of Burgundy had the place of honour. If Máel Coluim were present, and the repeated mentions of his piety in the annals make it quite possible that he made a pilgrimage to Rome, as did Mac Bethad mac Findláich ("Macbeth") in later times, then the coronation would have allowed Máel Coluim to publicly snub Cnut's claims to overlordship.[15]

Cnut obtained rather less than previous English kings, a promise of peace and friendship rather than the promise of aid on land and sea that Edgar and others had obtained. The sources say that Máel Coluim was accompanied by one or two other kings, certainly Mac Bethad, and perhaps Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, King of Mann and the Isles, and of Galloway.[16] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle remarks of the submission "but he [Máel Coluim] adhered to that for only a little while".[17] Cnut was soon occupied in Norway against Olaf Haraldsson and appears to have had no further involvement with Scotland.

Orkney and Moray

A daughter of Máel Coluim, married Sigurd Hlodvisson, Earl of Orkney.[18] Their son Thorfinn Sigurdsson was said to be five years old when Sigurd was killed on 23 April 1014 in the Battle of Clontarf. The Orkneyinga Saga says that Thorfinn was raised at Máel Coluim's court and was given the Mormaerdom of Caithness by his grandfather. Thorfinn, says the Heimskringla, was the ally of the king of Scots, and counted on Máel Coluim's support to resist the "tyranny" of Norwegian King Olaf Haraldsson.[19] The chronology of Thorfinn's life is problematic, and he may have had a share in the Earldom of Orkney while still a child, if he was indeed only five in 1014.[20] Whatever the exact chronology, before Máel Coluim's death a client of the king of Scots was in control of Caithness and Orkney, although, as with all such relationships, it is unlikely to have lasted beyond his death.

If Máel Coluim exercised control over Moray, which is far from being generally accepted, then the annals record a number of events pointing to a struggle for power in the north. In 1020, Mac Bethad's father Findláech mac Ruaidrí was killed by the sons of his brother Máel Brigte.[21] It seems that Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti took control of Moray, for his death is reported in 1029.[22]

Despite the accounts of the Irish annals, English and Scandinavian writers appear to see Mac Bethad as the rightful king of Moray: this is clear from their descriptions of the meeting with Cnut in 1027, before the death of Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti. Máel Coluim was followed as king or mormaer by his brother Gille Coemgáin, husband of Gruoch, a granddaughter of King Cináed III. It has been supposed that Mac Bethad was responsible for the killing of Gille Coemgáin in 1032, but if Mac Bethad had a cause for feud in the killing of his father in 1020, Máel Coluim too had reason to see Gille Coemgáin dead. Not only had Gille Coemgáin's ancestors killed many of Máel Coluim's kin, but Gil

From THE RUFUS PARKS PEDIGREE by Brian J.L. Berry, chart pg 45.

Page 44:

19. Malcolm II MacKenneth, murdered 25 Nov. 1034; King of Scots from 25 March 1005. In 1008 at Carham, Northumbria, with the help of Uchtred, Earl of Northumbria, won the rich wheatlands of Bernicia from King Canute, uniting the four Kingdoms into the geographical Scotland of today; overcame the Danes 1017; published a code of laws 1018; succeeded in having his grandson Duncan appointed King of Strathclyde and Cumbria.

!Availability: The libraries of Ken, Karen, Kristen, Kevin, Brian, Amie, Adam and FAL

1 UID 7F37D85FF3FAC54AA5D4844E303A02E68624

King of Scots 1005-1034
Was murderd

1 UID C4755771C14103498626D3CBD0F047EA8ACB

REFN: 1317[FAVthomas.FTW]

King of Scotland from 1005 to 1034, the first to reign over an extentof land roughly corresponding to much of modern Scotland.
Malcolm succeeded to the throne after killing his predecessor, KennethIII, and allegedly secured his territory by defeating a Northumbrian armyat the battle of Carham (c. 1016); he not only
confirmed the Scottish hold over the land between the rivers Forth andTweed but also secured Strathclyde about the same time. Eager to securethe royal succession for his daughter's son Duncan, he tried to eliminatepossible rival claimants; but Macbeth, with royal connections to bothKenneth II and Kenneth III, survived to challenge the succession.

To cite this page: "Malcolm II" Encyclopædia Britannica
<http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=51525&tocid=0&query=malcolm%20ii>
King of Alba and Strathcllyde. Conquered Lothian in 1018, Said to havemarried an Irish woman from Ossory. Killed by kinsman.

Reigned from 1005-1034.

År 1031 tvingades Malcolm erkänna Knut den Store som överherre

Malcolm_II_of_Scotland
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Malcolm II of Scotland
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1 UID 77547BDB13BBD749A1DA55A5AF9F7C9EEC7D

King of Scots from 971-995
Killed by own men

From Genealogical Library book "House of Adam".

Malcom II van Schotland, geb. ca. 954, ovl. 25.11.1034, ref. nr. 23.06.2003 ES II-88.8 Koning van Strathclyde 990/95 en 997/1005, koning der Schotten ca. 1018, koning van Schotland.

Acceded 1005-1034.[large-G675.FTW]

Malcolm II King Of Scotland fought a battle in 1008 at Carham withUchtred, sone of Waltheof, Earl of Northumbrians, and overcame the Danes,1017. He published a code of laws and was murdered 25 November 1034.'1004 Malcolm the son of Kenneth, a most victorious king, reigned 30years through, On 1034 Malcolm King of Scots died.'

Source: 'Ancestrial Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New Englandbetween 1623 and 1650', 1969, Frederick Lewis Weis, p 111.

Fought a battle in 1008 at Carham with Uchtred. Established a code of laws.

SOURCE NOTES:
NST 275XXXI

RESEARCH NOTES:
King of Scotland 1005-1034

_P_CCINFO 1-20792

!SOURCES:
1. Burke's Peerage 99th Ed (GS #942 D22bup prefix p. 285-86)
2. Dict of Nat'l Biog (GS #920.042 D561n vol 35 p. 399-400)
3. A Vindication of Macbeth (GS #929.2706 M288c p. 14)
4. Encyclopedia Britannica 1964 Ed (GS #032 En19b vol 14 p. 725)
5. Also searched without positive results: Scots Peerage, The Complete Peerage, Royal Dau of Engl, and Queens of Sctl and English Princes

!929.1/O'HA,"Irish Pedigrees", John O'Hart, Vol 3, part 1, p. 39

From Genealogical Library book "House of Adam".

Malcolm II (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) (født ca. 954, død 25. november 1034) var konge av Skottland fra 1005 til sin død. Han var sønn av Kenneth II, og fetter av sin forgjenger Kenneth III, som han drepte i slaget ved Monzievaird i 1005. Malcolm II var den siste konge av huset Alpin.

Han forsøkte å la seg utrope til konge allerede ti år før Kenneth IIIs død, men det var først i 1005 at han virkelig kom til makten. Det ser dog ut til at han aldri fikk full kontroll over Skottland. Han møtte motstand blant annet fra ledere i Moray, som Findláech mac Ruadrí (død 1020, antagelig Macbeths far) og Máel Coluim mac Máel Brigte (død 1029), som begge ble kalt konge av Alba (Skottland) i de irske annaler. Ingen av dem er i moderne tekster anerkjent som konger av Skottland, men de må ha hatt kontroll over enkelte områder.

I 1006 ble Malcolm slått av northumbriske styrker ved Durham. Angelsakserne viet så sin oppmerksomhet mot danene, og Malcolm benyttet anledningen til å marsjerer sørover. I 1018 beseiret han, sammen med Owen den skallede av Strathclyde, angelsakserne i slaget ved Carham, og tok dermed tilbake kontrollen over Lothian.

Hans datter Bethóc giftet seg med Sigurd digre, jarl av Orknøyene, noe som økte Malcolms innflytelse nordover. Han klarte også å ta områder ved elven Tweed og i Strathclyde.

Da Owen den skallede døde uten arvinger tok Malcolm Strathclyde og satte inn sitt barnebarn, Duncan som konge der. Dette skapte splittelser, som førte til at Malcolm ble myrdet i Glamis 25. november 1034. Han ble gravlagt på Iona.

Malcolm hadde ingen sønner, og dattersønnen Duncan, som var sønn av Malcolms eldste datter Bethóc fra et senere ekteskap, arvet derfor tronen. På dette tidspunkt begynte fikk Skottland en ny tronfølgeordning, slik at tronen gikk til eldste sønn, mens det tidligere var slik at kongen selv valgte hvem som skulle bli hans etterfølger.

OR "MAEL-COLUIM"; KING OF SCOTS 3/25/1005-1034; FOUGHT A BATTLE IN 1008
AT CARHAM WITH UCHTRED [D. 1016] (SON OF WALTHEOF, EARL OF THE NORTHUMBRIANS),
AND OVERCAME THE DANES; MURDERED

King of Alba
Reigned from 1004 to 1034. {Burke's Peerage} [GADD.GED]
Conquered Lothian in 1083
Mortally wounded by rival branches of household

31st great grandfather

The first king to reign over an extent of land roughly corresponding to much of modern Scotland.
Malcolm succeeded to the throne after killing his predecessor, Kenneth III, and allegedly secured his territory by defeating a Northumbrian army at the battle of Carham (c. 1016); he not only confirmed the Scottish hold over the land between the rivers Forth and Tweed but also secured Strathclyde about the same time. Eager to secure the royal succession for his daughter's son Duncan, he tried to eliminate possible rival claimants; but Macbeth, with royal connections to both Kenneth II and Kenneth III, survived to challenge the succession.

Cause of his death was killed by his kinsman.

Acceded: 1005. King of Scotland

!SOURCES:
1. Burke's Peerage 99th Ed (GS #942 D22bup prefix p. 285-86)
2. Dict of Nat'l Biog (GS #920.042 D561n vol 35 p. 399-400)
3. A Vindication of Macbeth (GS #929.2706 M288c p. 14)
4. Encyclopedia Britannica 1964 Ed (GS #032 En19b vol 14 p. 725)
5. Also searched without positive results: Scots Peerage, The Complete Peerage, Royal Dau of Engl, and Queens of Sctl and English Princes

_P_CCINFO 84-11
Original individual @P2447684837@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2308133362@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)
Original individual @P2308132333@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@) merged with @P2447684837@ (@MS_NHFETTERLYFAMIL0@)

!SOURCES:
1. Burke's Peerage 99th Ed (GS #942 D22bup prefix p. 285-86)
2. Dict of Nat'l Biog (GS #920.042 D561n vol 35 p. 399-400)
3. A Vindication of Macbeth (GS #929.2706 M288c p. 14)
4. Encyclopedia Britannica 1964 Ed (GS #032 En19b vol 14 p. 725)
5. Also searched without positive results: Scots Peerage, The Complete Peerage, Royal Dau of Engl, and Queens of Sctl and English Princes

BIOGRAPHY
Malcolm was born about 954. Malcolm's father Kenneth II, king of Scots, who died in 995, may have designated him as heir, but Malcolm became king in 1005 only after the killing of his cousin Kenneth III. His reputation rests on his extension of his kingdom's frontiers south to the Tweed-Solway line. Though repulsed in 1006 at Durham, he defeated a Northumbrian army at Carham in 1018 and asserted his claim to Lothian. In the west he had the alliance of Strathclyde and, when its last king died, Malcolm secured the succession of his grandson, Duncan. The marriage of his daughter to Sigurd the Stout, Norse Earl of Orkney, took his influence even further to the far north.

Malcolm died at Glamis on 25 November 1034.

He ruled from 1005 to 1034. In 1005, Maél Coluim mac Cinaéda (Malcolm II) defeated and slew Cinaéd mac Duib and his son, Giric, in battle at Monzievaird in Strathearn. Some historians view him as one of the most successful of Scotland's early medieval kings, a ruler who imposed his authority over most of the Scottish mainland and who extended his kingdom's borders far to the south. He was succeeded by his grandson, Donnchad mac Crinain (Duncan I).

Malcolm II King of Scotland
Buried Iona Argyllshire Scotland
Reigned 1005-1034

Malcolm II of Alba, King of Scotland succeeded to the title of King Malcolm of Strathclyde between 990 and 991. he was deposed as King od Strathclyde in 995. He succeeded to the title of King Malcolm of Scotland on 25/3/1005. he gained the title of King Malcolm of Lothian c 1016. He gained the title of King Malcolm of Alba. He gained the title of Prince Malcolm of Cumbria.He was killed by his kinsmen. He was buried in Isle of Iona, Agryllshire, Scotland.

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Ancêtres (et descendants) de Máel Coluim Mac Cináeda

Máel Coluim I Mac Domnaill
900-954

Cináed II mac Maíl Coluim
932-995

A Woman of Leinster
± 933-1044

Máel Coluim Mac Cináeda
± 954-1034

1008



					Bethóc ingen Maíl Coluim meic Cináeda 984-± 1045

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Egalement décédé(e) le 25 novembre

Source: Wikipedia

1456 » Jacques Cœur, financier français, grand argentier du roi Charles VII (° 1400).
1503 » Edmond de La Fosse, écolier hérétique exécuté butte Saint-Roch à Paris pour avoir profané des hosties (° 1481).
1534 » Otto Brunfels, botaniste allemand (° vers 1488).
1560 » Andrea Doria, condottiere et amiral génois (° 30 novembre 1466).
1730 » Claude-Jean-Baptiste Dodart, premier médecin du roi Louis XV (° 1664).
1763 » Antoine François Prévost, ecclésiastique, historien et homme de lettres français (° 1 avril 1697).

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La publication Arbre généalogique Den Hollander en Van Dueren den Hollander a été préparée par Kees den Hollander.contacter l'auteur

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Arbre généalogique Den Hollander en Van Dueren den Hollander » Máel Coluim "The Des..." Mac Cináeda "The Destroyer", Rí na h'Alba (± 954-1034)

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