Arbre généalogique Bas » Gerolf II van (West)Friesland (825-895)

Données personnelles Gerolf II van (West)Friesland 

• Il est né en l'an 825.Source 1
• (Geschiedenis) .Source 2

  Graaf Gerolf van Holland of (rond 850 - rond 896) was graaf van Frisia, comes Fresonum, vanaf ongeveer 885. Zijn naam wordt ook wel geschreven als Gerulf, soms met de toevoeging “van Kennemerland”. Zijn afkomst is niet precies bekend, er zijn aanwijzingen dat hij een nazaat is van de Friese koning Radboud, wat zou verklaren waarom hij tot de hoge rijksadel werd gerekend.
  
  Het is niet geheel duidelijk waar het gebied van Gerolf lag, maar Kennemerland lijkt het meest waarschijnlijk. De toevoeging “van Holland” is (net als “van Kennemerland”) van later datum. De eerste graaf die officieel graaf van Holland genoemd werd was Floris II in 1101, maar tot 1100 werden de bewoners van zijn gebied nog Friezen genoemd. Gerolf geldt als de stamvader van het huis van Holland, ook wel Gerulfingen genoemd.
  Het ontstaan van het graafschap Holland
  
  Hoewel het gebied waar Gerolf woonde sinds het Verdrag van Verdun (843) onderdeel was van het Oostfrankische rijk, maakten in de praktijk de vikingen er de dienst uit. In 884 volgde Gerolf Godfried de Noorman op een plundertocht langs de Rijn. In 885 was Gerolf een van de afgezanten van Godfried naar Karel de Dikke en werd toen door Hendrik van Babenburg (de legeraanvoerder van Karel) overgehaald om Godfried uit te schakelen. Gerolf vermoordde, samen met Everhard Saxo en koninklijke soldaten, Godfried tijdens een banket in Spijk.
  
  Graaf Gerolf ontving als beloning voor zijn rol bij het verdrijven van de Noormannen van de Oostfrankische koning Arnulf van Karinthië op 4 augustus 889 een aantal goederen in vol eigendom. Het betrof een gebied buiten zijn graafschap, in Teisterbant, bestaande uit een aantal boerderijen en huizen in onder andere Tiel, Aalburg en Asch, plus een gebied binnen zijn graafschap, bestaande uit een bos en een bouwakker, ergens tussen de monding van de Oude Rijn en (vermoedelijk) Bennebroek.
  Twijfels over het stamvaderschap
  
  Gerolf wordt pas sinds laat negentiende eeuw gezien als de stamvader van het Huis van Holland. Dit is gebaseerd op een gedicht uit omstreeks 1120. Daarin worden de graven uit het Huis genoemd, en het gedicht begint met: "De eerste Dirk, broer van Waldger, was een roemrijk man ......" In een ander werk over deze Waldger staat: "Waldgarius Freso, Gerilfi filius", wat te vertalen is als "Waldger de Fries, zoon van Gerulf". Hiermee wordt Gerolf gezien als de vader van Dirk I en als de stamvader van het Hollandse Huis.
  
  Vreemd is echter dat Waldger als oudste zoon na de dood van Gerolf het landgoed in Teisterbant kreeg, terwijl zijn jongere broer Dirk het graafschap erfde. Ook vreemd is dat Waldger zijn enige zoon Radboud noemde. Het was in die tijd namelijk gebruikelijk dat de oudste zoon de naam van zijn grootvader kreeg. Er wordt daarom ook wel gedacht dat Gerolf niet de vader maar de pleegvader van Waldger en Dirk was. "Filius" zou in dit geval de betekenis "pleegzoon" kunnen hebben. De meest waarschijnlijke kandidaat voor de biologische vader is Radboud, Heer van Nederfriesland. Deze Radboud sneuvelde in 874 tijdens zijn strijd tegen de Noormannen. Gerolf zou als voogd ook het gebied hebben beheerd dat aan de oudste zoon Waldger nagelaten werd. Dat Dirk vervolgens het graafschap van Gerolf erfde zou komen omdat Gerolf zelf kinderloos bleef.

• (Levens event) .Source 3

  Gerolf or Gerulf (c. 850 – 895/896) was the second count of this name who is attested in the area of Friesland (which also included Holland at the time). Gerolf's main area of power seems to have been in Kennemerland. Count Gerolf is often regarded as the founder of the County of Holland, although the actual name "Holland" is from a later time. His ancestry is unclear, but he may have been a son or, more likely, a grandson of the earlier Gerolf, who was a count in the area of Frisia at the time of the reign of Emperor Louis I the Pious (fl. 833) and who later joined a monastery. The earlier Gerolf died in 855. There is some limited and vague evidence that this earlier Gerolf was a son of a certain Theodoric, who in turn supposedly descended from the Frisian king Redbad (d. 719). Count Gerolf is often identified as the father of Count Dirk I and seen as the founder of the first house of the Counts of Holland, which ruled the county until it was inherited by John II of Hainaut in 1299.
  Formation of the County of Holland
  See also: County of Holland
  
  Since the Treaty of Verdun (concluded in 843) Frisia and other parts of the present-day Netherlands had become a part of, at first Middle Francia, then after 855 Lotharingia, and finally after the Treaty of Meerssen it was incorporated into East Francia in 870. However, ever since the 840s a series of Viking leaders had been installed in the region (as a means of defense against further incursions) and they were the de facto rulers of the region. It was not until 885 that this situation was put to an end by the murder of Godfrid, Duke of Frisia at a place called Herespich (identified as modern Spijk[disambiguation needed]). According to some sources Count Gerolf and Eberhard Count of Hamaland (who was later appointed Margrave of Frisia) were foremost amongst the conspirators in this plot. In the Chronicon of Regino of Prüm, on the other hand, there is no mention of Gerulf as taking part of this plan. Instead, according to this version, the murdering scheme would have been instigated by Emperor Charles and a certain Duke Henry. If so, it was, possibly, then, effectuated by Eberhard. The same Eberhard was hunted out and killed by Gerolf's son Waldger in 898, but the origin of that conflict is unknown, a possible explanation being that Waldger (who probably descended from Frisian royalty, see below) contested Eberhard's recent appointment as Margrave. It might be important remembering, in face of this scenario, how Merovingian and, most particularly, Carolingian leaders had hunted heathen Frisians just before the Frankish society had to deal with the Viking expansion. In this sense, it is interesting, as well, to observe how far the Gerulfingian House of Holland, during the centuries to follow, would pose an obstacle for the full grasp of this region by the Holy Roman Empire.
  
  On 4 August 889, Count Gerolf received a reward for his role in the defeat of the Vikings. On this date Arnulf of Carinthia, King of East Francia, granted him a number of lands and properties in full ownership. Firstly, he was granted an area outside his county, in Teisterbant, which consisted of a number of farms and houses in, amongst others, Tiel, Aalburg and Asch. Also he was granted additional property in his own county, consisting of a forest and agricultural lands, situated somewhere between the mouth of the Old Rhine and (presumably) Bennebroek.
  Doubts about the founding of the House of Holland
  
  Only since the late nineteenth century is Gerolf regarded as the founder of the House of Holland. This is based on a poem composed around 1120. It locates the tombs where members of the house were interred. The poem begins with: "The first Dirk, brother of Waldger was a glorious man ..." In another work Waldger is named: "Waldgarius Freso, Gerulfi filius", which translates as: "Waldger the Frisian, son of Gerolf".
  
  However, it appears unusual that, following the death of Gerolf, the eldest son Waldger received Teisterbant, while the younger brother Dirk inherited the comital title, although the title wasn't necessarily inheritable, but often rather by appointment. Also surprising is that Waldger's eldest son was named Radboud and a possible second son (or other relation) of his was named Hatto. It was customary in those days, that the eldest son received the name of his father's father. It is therefore thought that Gerolf was not the father but the foster-father of Waldger and Dirk. Filius in this case meaning foster-son.
  
  The most likely candidate for the biological father of Dirk and Waldger is Radboud, prince of the Frisians. (Note: this link is incorrect as it links to King Redbad who ruled about 760) Waldger's nickname Freso may also be indicative of this origin. This prince Radboud fell in battle in 874, while repelling a Viking incursion together with Reginar "Longneck" (Count of Maasgau, later Duke of Lorraine). At this time Dirk and Waldger were still infants. It is further speculated that because Gerolf's sister may have been Dirk and Waldger's mother, her brother acted as her children's guardian after their father had been killed. While Dirk and Waldger were still minors, Gerolf, as guardian, presumably was then appointed count of the threatened area to protect it from the Vikings. Later on, after Gerolf had died without leaving any sons of his own, Dirk then inherited the fief or was appointed as its next count. Possibly Waldger may have received (the properties in) Teisterbant because this was an allodium of the family, the comital title and territories being an imperial appointment.
  
  Yet another possibility is that Dirk was called Waldger's brother because one of them was married to the other's sister (i.e. Gerolf's daughter, making him a son-in-law of Gerolf's). Alternatively, Gerolf may have simply been, as is often assumed, the father of Dirk. The reason that Dirk and not (the elder) Waldger was appointed count is possibly also Waldger's feud with Eberhard of Hamaland, the newly appointed Margrave of Frisia, whom he murdered in 898.

• Il est décédé en l'an 895, il avait 70 ans.
• Un enfant de Gerolf I "de oude' van (West)Friesland et NN van Franken
• Cette information a été mise à jour pour la dernière fois le 20 juillet 2012.

Famille de Gerolf II van (West)Friesland

Enfant(s):

1. Dirk I van (West)Friesland  860-923 

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Barre chronologique Gerolf II van (West)Friesland

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