Généalogie Wylie » James Hamilton , 4th Duke of Hamilton [Wikibio] (1658-1712)

Données personnelles James Hamilton , 4th Duke of Hamilton [Wikibio] 

• Il est né le 11 avril 1658 dans Hamilton Palace, Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland.
• Il est décédé le 15 novembre 1712, il avait 54 ans.
• Un enfant de William Douglas-Hamilton 1st Earl of Selkirk later Duke of Hamillton et Anne Hamilton
• Cette information a été mise à jour pour la dernière fois le 10 février 2023.

Famille de James Hamilton , 4th Duke of Hamilton [Wikibio]

(1) Il est marié avec Barbara Fitzroy.

Ils se sont mariés No marriage.

Enfant(s):

1. Charles Hamilton Earl of Arran  1691-????

(3) Il a/avait une relation avec Elizabeth Gerard.

Enfant(s):

1. Anne Hamilton   
2. James Hamilton 5th Duke of Hamilton   

Notes par James Hamilton , 4th Duke of Hamilton [Wikibio]

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(Top)
Early life
Duke of Hamilton
The Darien scheme and the Act of Union
Post Union
The Macclesfield inheritance and death
Marriage and issue
Ancestors
Coat of Arms
Notes
References
Further reading
-------
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James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Lieutenant-General His Grace
The Duke of Hamilton
KG KT
4thDukeOfHamilton.jpg
The 4th Duke of Hamilton
PredecessorAnne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton
SuccessorJames Douglas-Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton
Other titles1st Duke of Brandon
Marquess of Clydesdale
Earl of Arran, Lanark and Cambridge
Baron Dutton
Lord Aven, Polmont, Machansyre, and Innerdale
Born11 April 1658
Hamilton Palace, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Died15 November 1712 (aged 54)
London, England
NationalityScottish
OfficesMaster of the Great Wardrobe
Keeper of the Palace of Holyroodhouse
Master-General of the Ordnance
Spouse(s)Anne Spencer

​(m. 1686; died 1690)
Elizabeth Gerard ​(m. 1698)
IssueLady Elizabeth Hamilton
Lady Catherine Hamilton
Lady Charlotte Edwin
James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton
Lord William Hamilton
Lady Susan Hamilton
Lord Anne Hamilton
Sir James Abercrombie, 1st Baronet
Charles Hamilton, Count of Arran
ParentsWilliam Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk
Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton
Lieutenant-General James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton and 1st Duke of Brandon, KG, KT (11 April 1658 – 15 November 1712) was a Scottish nobleman, soldier and politician. Hamilton was a major investor in the failed Darien Scheme, which cost many of Scotland's ruling class their fortunes. He led the Country Party in the Parliament of Scotland and the opposition to the Act of Union in 1707. He died on 15 November 1712 as the result of a celebrated duel in Hyde Park, Westminster, with Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, over a disputed inheritance.

Early life

Hamilton Palace – seat of the Dukes of Hamilton
The eldest son of William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk (who was created Duke of Hamilton for his lifetime and changed his surname to Hamilton in 1660) and his wife Anne, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton in her own right, Hamilton was born at Hamilton Palace, in Lanarkshire. He was a descendant through his mother of the Scottish House of Stewart and therefore had a significant claim to the thrones of both Scotland and England. He was educated by a series of tutors, until he was of age to attend the University of Glasgow. Following this, he travelled to the continent on the Grand Tour, fashionable amongst young noblemen of the time. He was styled until 1698 as the Earl of Arran.

In 1679, Arran was appointed a Gentleman of the Bedchamber by Charles II. Later in 1683, he was accredited ambassador to the Court of Louis XIV of France. Arran remained in France for over a year, taking part in two campaigns in French service. On his return to Great Britain following the accession of James VII and II, he brought letters of personal recommendation from Louis to the new King. King James reaffirmed Arran in his offices. Arran was in the first cohort of James VII's royal Order of the Thistle in 1687, and following the deposition of James, Arran refused to join the party of the Prince of Orange, indeed he was imprisoned twice in the Tower of London, suspected of intrigues, but was released without charge.

Duke of Hamilton
Arran's father died in 1694, and in July 1698 his mother resigned all her titles into the hand of King William, who regranted them to Arran a month later in a charter signed at Het Loo, Netherlands. He was confirmed in the titles of Duke of Hamilton, Marquess of Clydesdale, Earl of Arran, Lanark and Cambridge and Lord Aven, Polmont, Machansyre, and Innerdale.[1] This regrant of title was presumably because of the loyalty of Arran's parents to the king, as his own affection to the House of Orange was questionable due to his suspected Jacobitism. (He was arrested more than once for pro-Stuart activities.[2])

The Darien scheme and the Act of Union
Hamilton formed a Political grouping in support of the Darien Scheme, in the Parliament of Scotland. He and his mother had heavily invested in the expedition, that ultimately failed resulting in Scotland losing 20% of its currency in circulation at the time.[3]

Following the failure of Darien, and in light of the longer history of trade friction with England, serious machinations began proposing a union between the two realms of Scotland and England. Hamilton was assumed to be the head of the anti-union Cavalier Party, perhaps due to his serious claim to the throne of Scotland. Hamilton, being a descendant through his mother of the Scottish House of Stewart (prior to their accession to the English throne) was the senior-most claimant to the throne of Scotland in the event that Scotland chose not to accept Sophia of the Palatinate as the Stuart heiress (see Act of Security 1704). Sophia was the most junior descendant of the most junior branch of the English Stuarts and Scotland, also being Protestant, would only accept a Protestant heir to Scotland. This meant that Hamilton and his heirs were next in the Scottish line of succession after the House of Hanover. To the detriment of his royal future, Hamilton's political conduct proved ineffective and he wavered between both the Court and the National parties. On the day of the final vote regarding the Anglo-Scottish union, Hamilton abstained and remained in his chambers at Holyrood Palace claiming to be indisposed by toothache. The highly unpopular Acts of Union were passed, and riots followed in the streets of Edinburgh. Hamilton had missed his chance to secure the Scottish succession for his family.

Post Union
Hamilton was chosen as one of 16 Scottish Representative Peers in 1708. He was created Duke of Brandon, Suffolk in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1711. This drew criticism as to the legality of his position and ability to sit in the House of Lords. The situation was not resolved until 1782 for the 6th Duke of Hamilton. In addition to the Dukedom, Hamilton was created Baron Dutton in Cheshire. In October 1712 he was created a Knight of the Garter, making him the only Non-Royal to be a knight of both Thistle and Garter.

The Macclesfield inheritance and death
Main article: Hamilton–Mohun Duel

Hamilton and Mohun duelling in Hyde Park
On 15 November 1712, Hamilton fought a celebrated duel with Charles, Lord Mohun, in Hyde Park, Westminster, in an episode narrated in Thackeray's The History of Henry Esmond. Following the death without an heir of Fitton Gerard, third Earl of Macclesfield, in 1702, a disagreement had arisen over who should succeed to his extensive estates, based at Gawsworth Hall, Cheshire. Hamilton claimed the estates through his wife Elizabeth Gerard, a granddaughter of Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield.[4] Mohun claimed them as the named heir of Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, to whom he had been a companion-in-arms. The years of litigation that followed culminated in Mohun calling Hamilton out.

The duel took place on the morning of the 15th. The older Hamilton mortally wounded Mohun, and was mortally wounded in turn. Hamilton's second thereafter claimed that Mohun's second George Macartney had dealt the final stroke to Hamilton whilst pretending to attend to Mohun, but the evidence was wholly inconclusive. Questions about why John Hamilton did not stay to attempt to arrest Macartney if he had thought that such a crime had been committed brought suspicion on his testimony. A cry for justice went up amongst the Duke's friends, including Jonathan Swift, and Macartney escaped to the continent. After attempts to repatriate him, he was tried in absentia for murder, and stripped of his regiment, but was later pardoned.

Marriage and issue
In 1686 Hamilton married Lady Anne Spencer, a daughter of Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland. They had two daughters, although neither survived childhood:

Unnamed daughter (born and died 1689)
Unnamed daughter (born and died 1690)
Anne died shortly after the birth of the second daughter in 1690.

Hamilton married secondly Elizabeth Gerard, daughter of Digby Gerard, 5th Baron Gerard in 1698 (died February 1743/4),[5] and had seven children:

Lady Elizabeth Hamilton (1699–1702)
Lady Catherine Hamilton (c. 1700 – 22 Dec 1712)[6]
Lady Charlotte Hamilton (c. 1701 – 1774), who married Charles Edwin, MP, of Llanfihangel, and was a figure in early Methodism.[7]
James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton (1703–1743)
Lord William Hamilton (c. 1705 – 1734)
Lady Susan Hamilton (26 Sep 1706–1753), who married Anthony Keck, MP for Woodstock.[8]
Lord Anne Hamilton (1709–1748), ancestor of the 13th and subsequent Dukes of Hamilton.
In addition, Hamilton had four illegitimate children:

Lt. Col. Sir James Abercrombie, 1st Baronet, born prior to 1680, who died at Dunkirk in 1724. Sir James entered the Royal Scots, rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel and fought in the Battle of Blenheim as aide-de-camp to his uncle George Douglas-Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney.[9][10] He went on to become a Whig MP for Dysart Burghs in 1710.[11]
Sir Charles Hamilton KB, born to Lady Barbara FitzRoy, he married first Elizabeth, daughter of the Hon. John Campbell of Mamore and had a son christened William James (the surname was taken after his grandfather), but he died in infancy. The main reason for the name change was to distance him from the Hamilton family who had sent Charles out to France after the disgrace of his father's affair and bastard child. While in France Charles Hamilton was styled Count of Arran. Elizabeth later died and Charles remarried Antoinette Courtney, daughter of Charles Courtney of Archambaud and had a son by her, Charles Hamilton James (christened with the surname James as with his older brother) who returned to England and began a military career, finally settling in Dorset. Charles on returning to England went into the Army, became a Lieutenant Colonel in the Royal Scots Greys and was created a Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath. He went on to marry Catherine, daughter of Sir Gerrard Napier, 5th Baronet of Middle March and had a son, who married firstly the granddaughter of the 3rd Earl of Aboyne and secondly the daughter of John Montagu, 5th Earl of Sandwich he had issue by both.[12]
Hamilton also had two daughters named Ruthven.[13]
Ancestors
Ancestors of James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton
William Douglas, 9th Earl of Angus
William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus
Egidia Graham
William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas
Lawrence Oliphant, 4th Lord of Oliphant
Lady Elizabeth Oliphant
Lady Margaret Hay
William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk
George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly
George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly
Lady Anne Hamilton
Lady Mary Gordon
Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox
Lady Henrietta Stewart
Catherine de Balsac
James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton
John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Hamilton
James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton
Margaret Lyon
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton
James Cunningham, 7th Earl of Glencairn
Lady Ann Cunningham
Margaret Campbell
Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton
Basil Feilding of Newnham Paddox
William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh
Elizabeth Aston
Lady Mary Feilding
Sir George Villiers
Susan Villiers
Mary Beaumont
Coat of Arms
Coat of arms of Douglas-Hamilton
Coat of arms of the duke of Hamilton and Brandon.png
Coronet
Coronet of a Duke
Crest
1st, on a Ducal Coronet an Oak Tree rutted and penetrated transversely in the main stem by a Frame Saw proper the frame Or (Hamilton); 2nd, on a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Salamander in flames proper (Douglas)
Escutcheon
Quarterly, first and fourth grandquarters counterquartered, first and fourth gules, three cinquefoils ermine (for Hamilton); second and third argent, a lymphad with sails furled proper, flagged gules (for Arran); second and third grandquarters argent, a heart gules imperially crowned proper, on a chief azure three stars of the field (for Douglas).
Supporters
On either side an Antelope Argent armed unguled ducally gorged and chained Or.
Motto
Over 1st crest: Through; Over 2nd crest: Jamais Arriere (Never Behind)
Notes

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Paul 1907, p. 383.
Woodard, Colin (2007). The Republic of Pirates. Harcourt, Inc. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-15-101302-9.
Ibeji, Mike (17 February 2017). "The Darien Venture". BBC British History. BBC. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
James William Edmund Doyle, The Official Baronage of England, vol. 2 (London: Longmans, Green, 1886), p. 433
Buried at St James, Westminster, on 21 February 1743/44. Source: The Register of Burials in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1723-1754. 21 February 1743.
[1] Archived 25 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine NAS Catalog, National Archives of Scotland
"Edwin family". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
[2] Archived 25 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine NAS Catalog, National Archives of Scotland
Cokayne, George Edward, ed. (1906), Complete Baronetage volume 5 (1707–1800), vol. 5, Exeter: William Pollard and Co, retrieved 9 October 2018
Hayton, D. W. (2002) "ABERCROMBY, James (d. 1724)" The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690–1715, edited by D. Hayton, E. Cruickshanks, and S. Handley
Wilkinson, David (2002) "Dysart Burghs", The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690–1715, edited by D. Hayton, E. Cruickshanks, and S. Handley
William Anderson (1877). The Scottish nation; or, the Surnames, Families, Literature, Honours and Biographical History of the People of Scotland by William Anderson. p. 421.
Margaret Mary Pearson (1956). Bright Tapestry. Harrap. p. 22.
References
Cokayne, George Edward; et al. (2000), The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, vol. VI (reprint in 6 volumes ed.), Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, pp. 266–269 (Cited at thePeerage.com, which accessed 18 July 2020) {{citation}}: External link in |postscript= (help)
Mosley, Charles, ed. (1999), Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, vol. 1 (106th, 2 volumes ed.), Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books), p. 1286 (Cited at thePeerage.com, which accessed 18 July 2020) {{citation}}: External link in |postscript= (help)
Paul, Sir James Balfour (1907), The Scots Peerage IX vols, vol. IV, Edinburgh, p. 383
Walford, Edward (1878), "Hyde Park", Old and New London, vol. 4, pp. 375–405
Further reading
Stater, Victor (1999), Duke Hamilton is Dead!-A story of aristocratic life and death in Stuart Britain, New York

Wikimedia Commons has media related to James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton.
James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton
House of Douglas and Angus
Born: 4 April 1658 Died: 15 November 1712
Military offices
Preceded by
(regiment raised)
Colonel of the Earl of Arran's Regiment of Cuirassiers
1685–1688Succeeded by
Charles Hamilton
Preceded by
The Duke of Berwick
Colonel of The Royal Regiment of Horse
1688Succeeded by
The Earl of Oxford
Preceded by
The Earl Rivers
Master-General of the Ordnance
1712Vacant
Title next held by
The Duke of Marlborough
Diplomatic posts
Vacant
War of Spanish Succession
Title last held by
The Earl of Manchester
as English Ambassador to FranceBritish Ambassador to France
1712Succeeded by
The Duke of Shrewsbury
Court offices
Preceded by
The Viscount Preston
Master of the Great Wardrobe
1688–1689Succeeded by
The Earl of Montagu
Honorary titles
Preceded by
The Earl of Derby
Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire
1710–1712Vacant
Title next held by
The Earl of Derby
Vice-Admiral of Lancashire
1712Vacant
Title next held by
Lord Stanley
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded by
Anne Hamilton
Duke of Hamilton
1698–1712Succeeded by
James Hamilton
Peerage of Great Britain
New titleDuke of Brandon
1711–1712Succeeded by
James Hamilton
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata
Categories: 1658 births1712 deathsDiplomatic peersDuelling fatalitiesPeers of Great Britain created by Queen AnneDukes of BrandonDukes of HamiltonGarter Knights appointed by AnneKnights of the ThistleLord-Lieutenants of LancashireMembers of the Parliament of Scotland 1689–1702Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1702–1707Royal Horse Guards officersScottish generalsScottish representative peersHouse of Douglas and AngusAmbassadors of Great Britain to FranceHouse of HamiltonScottish Jacobites

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