Genealogy Richard Remmé, The Hague, Netherlands » Henry [illegitimate] de Beaufort Bp of Winchester, Cardinal (± 1375-1447)

Données personnelles Henry [illegitimate] de Beaufort Bp of Winchester, Cardinal 

• Il est né environ 1375 dans Beaufort Castle, Beaufort-en-Vallée, 490021, Pays de la Loire, France.
• Baptisé (à 8 ans ou plus tard) par l'autorité de la prêtrise de l'église SDJ le 26 novembre 1932.
• Il est décédé le 11 avril 1447 dans Winchester, Hampshire, England, Great Britain.
• Il est enterré en l'an 1447 dans Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, Hampshire, England, Great Britain.
• Un enfant de Jan 'van Gent' Plantagenêt et Catherine de Roët
• Cette information a été mise à jour pour la dernière fois le 4 décembre 2022.

Famille de Henry [illegitimate] de Beaufort Bp of Winchester, Cardinal

Il est marié avec Alice FitzAlan.

Ils se sont mariés Not Married à Not Married.

Enfant(s):

1. Joan [illegitimate] de Beaufort  1391-???? 

Notes par Henry [illegitimate] de Beaufort Bp of Winchester, Cardinal

Cardinal Bishop of Lincoln 1398, Cardinal Bishop of Winchester 1405, Cardinal-Priest of St Eusebius 1426, Lord Chancellor of England, Papal Legate in England

illegitmate child of "Jan 'van Gent' Plantagenet" with "Catharina (Payne') Swynford de Roet"  (*1350, +Lincoln 10.5.1403, bur there) [widow of Hugh Swynford and sister-in-law of Geoffrey Chaucer].

subsequently legitimized

From Encycopedia Britannica Online, article titled "Henry Beaufort":

"Cardinal and Bishop of Winchester and a dominant figure in English politics throughout the first 43 years of the 15th century. From about 1435 until 1443 he controlled the government of the weak King Henry VI.

"Beaufort's father was John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, son of King Edward III, and his mother was Catherine Swynford.** During the reign of his cousin King Richard II, he became chancellor of Oxford University (1397) and bishop of Lincoln (1398).

"With the accession of his half brother, Henry IV, in 1399, Beaufort was guaranteed a prominent place in politics. In 1403 he became chancellor of England and a royal councillor. In the following year he was appointed bishop of Winchester, one of the richest sees in the country. He then resigned his chancellorship and led the opposition within the council to Henry IV's chief minister, Thomas Arundel, archbishop of Canterbury. When Beaufort's nephew and political ally became king as Henry V in 1413, Beaufort again received the chancellorship. In order to climb still higher, the ambitious bishop sought a position with the papacy. Pope Martin V made him a cardinal and papal legate in 1417, but the king,
fearing that Beaufort would be an all too effective spokesman for papal policies, soon forced him to resign these ecclesiastical offices.

"Upon the accession of the infant Henry VI in 1422, however, Beaufort's talents were allowed to flourish. Already wealthy, he enriched himself further by lending money to the insolvent crown at high interest rates. Beaufort's financing of the state solidifed his power; there was little his enemies could do against the man on whom the solvency of the government depended. Beaufort was made cardinal of St. Eusebius and papal legate in 1426, a move for which he was continually attacked by his uncle, Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, who criticized him for simultaneously holding high positions in church and state. But Beaufort survived Gloucester's sniping, and with the support of the young Henry VI, by the mid-1430s the government was firmly back in his hands. In 1435 and 1439 he attempted without success to negotiate an end to the Hundred Years' War (13371453) between England and France, and in 1443 he retired from politics. Beaufort was arrogant, self-serving, and greedy to the point of rapacity, but his political and financial acumen were unrivaled in the England of his time. His career is authoritatively recounted in L.B. Radford's Henry Beaufort (1908)."

**Henry, along with his three siblings were all born in the 1370's while his father was then married to Constance.  Though barred from the throne, they were later "legitimized" by Richard II and again by Henry IV (Henry's half-brother).
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Henry Beaufort (c. 1375 –  11 April 1447) was a medieval English clergyman and Cardinal Bishop of Winchester,[1] an anomaly in being both a bishop and a member of the royal house of Plantagenet.

The second son of John of Gaunt and his mistress Katherine Swynford, Beaufort was born in Anjou, an English domain in France, in about 1374 and educated for a career in the Church. After his parents were married in early 1396, Henry, his two brothers and one sister were declared legitimate by the pope and legitimated by Act of Parliament on 9 February 1397, but they were barred from the succession to the throne.[4][5][6] On 27 February 1398 he was nominated Bishop of Lincoln and on 14 July 1398 he was consecrated. ; When his half-brother deposed Richard and took the throne as Henry IV of England, he made Bishop Beaufort Lord Chancellor of England in 1403.[8] Beaufort resigned that position in 1404 when he was appointed Bishop of Winchester on 19 November.

Between 1411 and 1413 Bishop Beaufort was in political disgrace for siding with his nephew, the Prince of Wales, against the King, but when King Henry IV died and the Prince became Henry V of England, he made his uncle Chancellor again in 1413; however, Beaufort resigned the position in 1417.[8] Pope Martin V offered the Bishop a cardinal's hat, but King Henry V would not let him accept it. Henry V died in 1422, shortly after making himself heir to France by marrying Charles VI's daughter, and their infant son Henry VI of England. Bishop Beaufort and the child king's other uncles formed the Regency Government of England 1422-1437, and in 1424 Beaufort became Chancellor once more, but was forced to resign again in 1426[8] because of disputes with the King's other uncles.

The Pope made him a Cardinal in 1426,[8] and in 1427 made him Papal Legate for Germany, Hungary, and Bohemia. In this position, he led forces against the Hussites, facing a rout at Tachov on 4 August 1427.

Beaufort continued to be active in English politics for years, fighting with the other powerful advisors to the King and always managing to extricate himself from the snares they set for him. He died on 11 April 1447 and was laid to rest in a tomb in Winchester Cathedral. He suffered from delirium on his deathbed and, as he hallucinated, according to legend he offered Death the whole treasury of England in return for living a while longer.

[edit] Affair and daughterWhen Henry was Bishop of Lincoln, he had an affair with, some believe, Alice FitzAlan (1378– 1415), the daughter of Richard FitzAlan and Elizabeth de Bohun, though there is no real evidence to support this. He fathered an illegitimate daughter, Jane Beaufort, in 1402, who some make Alice's daughter. Both Jane and her husband Sir Edward Stradling, were named in Cardinal Beaufort's will. Their marriage about 1423 brought Sir Edward into the political orbit of his shrewd and assertive father-in-law, to whom he may have owed his appointment as chamberlain of South Wales in December 1423, a position he held until March 1437. The idea of Jane's mother being Alice Fitzalan is possibly a legend of Tudor-era descendants of Sir Edward and Jane Stradling. There is no late-14th/early-15th century documentation to support this affair at all, and the surviving documentation entirely discounts it. However, a blood connection to Cardinal Beaufort would itself be prestigious, regardless of the mother or her marital status.

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C'est en parlant de Henri de Beaufo.^t que Shakspeare
attribue à Henri V cette parole prophétique :

If once lie come to be a cardinal,

He'll make his cap coequal with the crown.

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