Genealogy Richard Remmé, The Hague, Netherlands » Robert II Stewart King of Scots (1371-90) (1315-1390)

Données personnelles Robert II Stewart King of Scots (1371-90) 

• Noms alternatifs: Robert II [Stewart] van Scotland King of Scots (1371-90), Robert II Of Scotland, Robert II the Steward van Scotland, Robert II King of (Robert II, King of) Scotland, Robert II Stuart
• Il est né le 2 mars 1315 dans Paisley, Renfrew, Scotland.Source 10
• Profession: Koning.
• (Alt. Burial) : Alt. Burial.

  Scone Abbey, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland

• (Alt. Burial) : Alt. Burial.

  Scone Abbey, Scone, Perthshire, Scotland

• (Alt. Death) : Alt. Death.
• (Titled) .

  Lord High Steward of Scotland

• (Alt. Birth) le 2 Mar 1313-1314: Alt. Birth.

  Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland

• (Alt. Birth) le 2 Mar 1313-1314: Alt. Birth.

  Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland

• (Alt. Birth) le 2 Mar 1314-1315: Alt. Birth.

  Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland

• (Alt. Birth) le 2 Mar 1314-1315: Alt. Birth.

  Paisley, Scotland

• (Alt. Birth) le 2 Mar 1315-1316: Alt. Birth.

  Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland

• (Reigned) entre le 22 février 1370 et le 19 avril 1390.Source 10

  Scotland

• (Titled) le 22 Feb 1370-1371.

  King of the Scots

• (Titled) entre le 1371 et le 1390.

  King of Scots

• (Alt. Death) le 19 Mar 1389-1390: Alt. Death.

  Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland

• (Alt. Death) le 19 avril 1390: Alt. Death.

  Dundonald Castle, Carrick, Scotland

• (Alt. Death) le 13 mai 1390: Alt. Death.

  Ayrshire, Scotland

• Il est décédé le 19 avril 1390 dans Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland, il avait 75 ans.Source 10
• Il est enterré le 24 avril 1390 dans Scone Abbey, Tayside, Perthshire, Scotland.
• Un enfant de Walter Stewart et Marjorie de Bruce
• Cette information a été mise à jour pour la dernière fois le 4 décembre 2022.

Famille de Robert II Stewart King of Scots (1371-90)

(1) Il est marié avec Elizabeth Mure.

Ils se sont mariés avant le 22 novembre 1347 à Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland.

CHAN20 Nov 2005

Enfant(s):

1. John (=king Robert III) Stewart  1337-1406 
2. Robert Stewart III King of Scots  1357-1406
3. Walter Stewart  1340-± 1362 
4. Robert [Stewart] Stuart  1339-1420 
5. Alexander 'The Wolf of Badenoch' Stewart  1350-1394 
6. Margaret Stewart  1336-1438 
7. Marjorie Stewart  ± 1344-> 1417 
8. Elizabeth Stewart  1353-± 1389 
9. Isabelle Eupheme Stewart  ± 1350-± 1410 
10. Isabella Stewart  
11. Joan (Jean Johanna) Stewart  1352-> 1404 
12. Katherine Stewart  1352-1446 

Evénement (Alt. Marriage) environ 1335: Alt. Marriage.

Scotland

Evénement (Alt. Marriage) le 22 novembre 1347: Alt. Marriage.

To legitimize children

(2) Il est marié avec Mora Leitch.

Ils se sont mariés

Enfant(s):

1. John Stewart  ± 1350-1449 

(3) Il est marié avec Euphemia Leslie Ross.

Ils se sont mariés apres 2 mai 1355 à Scotland.

CHAN20 Nov 2005

Enfant(s):

1. David Stewart  ± 1356-1390 
2. Walter Stewart  ± 1360-1437 
3. Catherine Jean Elisabeth Stewart  1362-1437 
4. Egidia Stewart  1358-> 1388 
5. Elizabeth Stewart  ± 1362-± 1446

Evénement (Alt. Marriage) apres 2 mai 1355: Alt. Marriage.

Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland

(4) Il est marié avec Marion Cardney.

Ils se sont mariés.

Enfant(s):

1. John [illegitimate] Stewart   
2. John Stewart  ± 1365-> 1424

Notes par Robert II Stewart King of Scots (1371-90)

A grandson of Robert I, he succeeded David II and was succeeded by his son Robert III.

Fought at Halidon Hill, 19 July 1333.

Created Earl of Strathearn after forfeiture of Malise, earl of Strathearn, 1343.

'Robertus Senescallus Scocie ac comes de Stratherne' (Red Book of Menteith II: 249-50, no 32)

Succeeded Uncle (David II) as King of Scots, 22 Feb 1370-71.

Founder of the Royal House of Stewart.
.
Robert II

born March 2, 1316 died April 19, 1390, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scot.

also called (until 1371) Robert the Steward , or (1357-71) Robert Stewart, Earl of Strathearn  king of Scots from 1371, first of the Stewart (Stuart) sovereigns in Scotland. Heir presumptive for more than 50 years, he had little effect on Scottish political and military affairs when he finally acceded to the throne.

On the death (1326) of his father, Walter the Steward, in 1326, Robert became seventh hereditary steward of Scotland at age 10. From 1318 he was heir presumptive to his maternal grandfather, King Robert I the Bruce (died 1329). He lost this position in 1324 when the Bruce's son, afterward King David II, was born; but two years later the Scottish Parliament confirmed Robert the Steward as heir apparent to David.

During David's periods of exile and of imprisonment by the English, Robert the Steward was joint regent (1334-35; with John Randolph, 3rd earl of Moray) and sole regent (1338-41, 1346-57). After David had been ransomed from the English, Robert led an unsuccessful rebellion (1362-63). He succeeded in defending his own right as heir apparent against David's abortive proposal to commute his remaining ransom payments to the English by making a son of King Edward III of England heir to the Scottish throne.

On the death of David (Feb. 22, 1371), Robert succeeded to the throne, his reign proving largely an anticlimax to his career. He took no active part in the renewed war with England (from 1378 to 1388). From 1384 the kingdom was administered by Robert's eldest son, John, earl of Carrick (afterward King Robert III), and from 1388, by his next surviving son, Robert, earl of Fife (afterward 1st duke of Albany).

Robert's marriage (c. 1348) to Elizabeth Mure followed the birth of their four sons and five daughters, whose legitimation by the subsequent marriage did not give any of them an undisputed right of succession to the crown. A superior claim was asserted on behalf of Robert's two sons and two daughters by his second wife, Euphemia Ross, whom he married in 1355. Partly because of this dispute, Walter, earl of Atholl, one of Robert's sons by Euphemia, instigated the murder (1437) of James I, king of Scots, grandson of Robert and Elizabeth Mure. Robert also had at least eight illegitimate sons. [Encyclopædia Britannica, online <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=65510>]

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[Earl of Atholl] ROBERT STEWART, HIGH STEWARD OF SCOTLAND, son and heir of Walter Stewart, also High Steward, by Marjory (who died 1316), 1st daughter of ROBERT I, King of Scotland, was born 2 March 1316, succeeded his father 9 April 1327, and was in command at Halidon hill, 19 July 1333, in consequence of which his estates were forfeited and conferred, by Balliol, on David (of Strathbogie), Earl of Atholl. From 1338 to 1341 he was REGENT OF SCOTLAND, and, on 16 February 1341/2, was created EARL OF ATHOLL [Scotland] on the resignation of William Douglas, Earl of Atholl [Scotland]. From 1346 to 1357, during the imprisonment of David II in England, he was again REGENT [Scotland]. In 1358 he was created EARL OF STRATHERN [Scotland]. On 22 Feb. I370/1 he succeeded his uncle, David II, as KING OF SCOTLAND, under the name of ROBERT II, when his Dignities became (apparently) merged in the Crown [Scotland]. He married, 1stly, by Papal dispensation dated 22 November 1347 (in which he is styled "Robertus, Dominus de Stratgrif"), Elizabeth (a), daughter of Sir Adam MURE, of Rowallan, co. Ayr (b), their issue (born before marriage) being legitimated by the dispensation, and their right of succession to the Crown being further confirmed by act, dated 1373. He married, 2ndly, by Papal dispensation dated 2 May 1355, Eupheme, widow of John, EARL OF MORAY [Scotland], daughter of Hugh, 6th EARL or Ross [Scotland], by his last wife, Margaret GRAHAM. She died in 1387. He died at Dundonald Castle, 19 April 1390. [Complete Peerage I:310-11]

(a) A marriage between Hugh Giffard of the diocese of St Andrew's and Elizabeth Mure, of the diocese of Glasgow, contracted when he was 9, and she was 11, was dissolved by the Pope, XIII Kal. Junii 1345. Presumabley this is the Elizabeth of the text.

(b) Sir Adam's 1st wife was Joan, widow of Hugh Houston, [Hutscomperi] da. of (-) Cunningham; his 2nd wife was Janet Mure, heiress of Polkelly; it is not known which was mother of Elizabeth.

Alias: /Robert/ II
ROBERT II, (only child of Walter Stewart , 6th High Steward of Scotland, and Marjorie Bruce, dau. of ROBERT I), b 2 Ma rch, 1315-16, Steward of Scotland, 9 April, 1326, Regent 1335-41, and 1346-57 , created Earl of Atholl, 16 Feb. 1341-2, Earl of Strathearn before 1357-8, a nd crowned at Scone, 26 March, 1371. He m 1stly (dispensation dd 22 Nov. 1347 ), Elizabeth (d ante 1355), dau. of Sir Adam Mure, of Rowallan. By her he h ad previously had issue, From Burkes Peerage, Part Three, House of Stewart Ro bert II (March 2, 1316- April 19, 1390), king of Scotland, called "the Stewar d", a title that gave the name to the House of Stewart (or Stuart). Robert was the sole son of Walter, the 5th High Steward of Scotland (d. 1326), and Marj orie (d. 1316 in childbirth), daughter of King Robert the Bruce. In 1318 the Scottish parliament decreed that if King Robert died without sons the crown should pass to his grandson; but the birth of a son afterwards, King David II , to Bruce in 1324 postponed the accession of Robert for nearly forty-two yea rs. Soon after the infant David became king in 1329, the Steward began to tak e a prominent part in the affairs of Scotland. He was one of the leaders of t he Scottish army at the battle of Halidon Hill in July 1333; and after gainin g some successes over the adherents of Edward Balliol in the west of Scotland , he and John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray (d. 1346), were chosen as regents o f the kingdom, while David sought safety in France. The colleagues soon quar relled; then Randolph fell into the hands of the English and Robert became so le regent, meeting with such success in his efforts to restore the royal auth ority that the king was able to return to Scotland in 1341. Having handed ove r the duties of government to David, the Steward escaped from the battle of N eville's Cross in 1346, and was again chosen regent while the king was a capt ive in England. Soon after this event some friction arose between Robert and his royal uncle. Accused, probably without truth, of desertion at Neville's C ross, the Steward as heir-apparent was greatly chagrined by the king's propos al to make Edward III of England, or one of his sons, the heir to the Scottis h throne, and by David's marriage with Margaret Logie. In 1363 he rose in re bellion, and after having made his submission was seized and imprisoned toget her with four of his sons, being only released a short time before David's De ath in February 1371. By the terms of the decree of 1318 Robert now succeeded to the throne, and was crowned at Scone in March 1371. His reign is unimport ant. Some steps were taken by the nobles to control the royal authority. In 1 378 a war broke out with England; but the king took no part in the fighting, which included the burning of Edinburgh and the Scottish victory at the Battl e of Otterbourne in 1388. As age and infirmity were telling upon him, the es tates in 1389 appointed his second surviving son Robert, Earl of Fife, afterw ards Duke of Albany, guardian of the kingdom. The king died at Dundonald in 1 390, and was buried at Scone. His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Mure of Rowallan, a lady who had formerly been his mistress. Robert ha d married her in 1336, but as the marriage had been criticised as uncanonical , he remarried her in 1349. By her he had at least four sons, the eldest of w hom was his successor, King Robert III, and six daughters. By his second wife , Euphemia, daughter of Hugh, 6th Earl of Ross, and widow of the 3rd Earl o f Moray, formerly his colleague as regent, he had two sons and several daught ers. The confusion about the circumstances of his first marriage would later lead to conflict amongst the descendants of his first marriage (which includ ed James I of Scotland) and the unquestionably legitimate descendants of his second marriage. Robert had also eight illegitim

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King ROBERT II of Scots (1371-90), 7th High Stewart of Scotland, *Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, 2.3.1316, +Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire 19.4.1390, bur Scone Island, Perthshire; 1m: Elisabeth Mure, dau.of Sir Adam Mure of Rowallan; 2m: after 2.5.1355 Css Euphemia of Ross

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E: Stewart, King Robert II of Scots (b 02.03.1316, d 19.04.1390) m1. (1347) Elizabeth Mure (dau of Sir Adam Mure of Rowallan) Uncertainty as to the date of the formalisation of their marriage and hence the legitimacy of their eldest children, and hence the right of succession to the throne, led to various disputes.

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royal_lineage.ged

     Robert's father, Walter the Steward, was the descendant of a Breton
immigrant who had been made High Steward of Scotland by King David I. The office of Steward had remained in the family, and they used the surname Steward.  This was spelt Stewart in Scots, and became the name of the dynasty which reigned for three centuries.  Mary, Queen of Scots adopted the spelling Stuart during her residence in France, in the hope that the French would pronounce the name more accurately when spelt that way. Robert the Steward was the nearest heir to the throne when King David II died childless.  He was old when he came to the throne, and ineffectual while he was on it. His reign was marked by a new treaty and a strong rapprochement with France.  Robert was the son of Robert I's daughter Marjorie and her husband Walter the Steward. He took Stewart as his surname, and so became the first monarch of the Royal House of Stewart. When he was in his 20s he ruled Scotland as Regent for his much younger uncle, David II, during David's minority and again after the king's capture at the Battle of Neville's Cross, west of Durham. When he finally succeeded his nephew in 1371, at the age of 54, he was an old man by medieval standards and had difficulty controlling his nobles, who were eager to renew the war with England. At 70, he was described as having 'eyes the colour of sandalwood, which clearly showed he was no valiant man but one who would rather remain at home than march the field'. Robert married twice and produced 21 children (eight were illegitimate), and the fact that his first wife's children were born outside the marriage created long-standing bitterness as Robert III's reign was to show. During Robert II's final years, his two eldest sons acted as his lieutenants. He died in 1390.  Young Robert was well thought of with one chronicler describing him to be 'for the innate sweetness of his disposition generally beloved by true-hearted Scotsmen'. Although he was a powe rful figure in Scotland Robert did not attain the throne until he was 54 years old but he wa s the first of the Stewart dynasty which has fascinated every generation down to the present day. The Stewarts were just one of many strong baronial families and had originally come from a Breton family called Flaald before finding favour in early medieval England. They then moved t o Scotland to become hereditary Royal Stewards. Robert's father, Walter FitzAlan, was the six th Steward, and it is from this title that the family took their name. He was in command of the second division of the Scotch Army at Halidon Hill, and was one of the few who escaped the carnage of that disastrous day in 1333. He shared the regency from 1338 to 1341 until David II returned from France. It has been suggested that at the Battle of Neville' s Cross Robert could have done more to try to save David from capture. Following the capture of the king Robert became Guardian of the kingdom until 1357 when David was released. He was probably resentful at having to return power to David and he was involved in an unsuccessfu l rebellion with the Earls of Douglas and March. Robert eventually succeeded to the throne on 22nd February 1371 on David's death. He was alre ady old when he came to power and in the following nineteen years he suffered increasing heal th problems. It seems that the machinery of government was allowed to stagnate with Robert us ing honours as a way of controlling the more powerful barons. The rule of law was also weaken ed and crimes went unpunished. Direct taxation lapsed and barons and officials siphoned off m oney from customs duties. After 13 years in power Robert realised that he was ineffective and handed the crown over t o his son, John, Earl of Carrick (who assumed the name Robert on his becoming king). Only four years later John was kicked in the head by a horse and this reduced him to the state of an invalid. Robert II died at Dundonald on the 19th April 1390 and was buried at Scone.  Robert's first marriage was to Elizabeth Mure, a marriage that had to be cleared by papal dispensation in 1347 for it contravened the complex, and largely illogical, 'forbidden degrees o f kinship'. After Elizabeth died he married Euphemia of Ross, and this time there were no complications. He was married to Elizabeth Mure (daughter of Adam of Rowallan Mure Sir and Joan Cunningham) on 22 Nov 1347. Elizabeth Mure was born about 1315 in Rowallan, Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland and she died between 1355 and 1358 in Scotland.  Her father was Sir Adam Mure of Rowallan. She and Robert lived together for some years before their marriage, during which time she bore him 9 children. They finally married by special dispensation of Pope Clement VI, 22 November 1347, by which all their children were legitimated per sub sequens matrimonium. At this time Robert was still only Earl of Strathearn; thus, although Elizabeth became Countess of Strathearn, she was never queen of Scots, since she died before her husband ascended the throne.

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