Ancestral Glimpses » King Edward "Longshanks" I (1239-1307)

Données personnelles King Edward "Longshanks" I 

• Le surnom est Longshanks.
• Il est né le 17 juin 1239.
• Il est décédé le 7 juillet 1307 dans Burgh-by-Sands, Cumbria, near Carlisle, ENGLAND, il avait 68 ans.
• Il est enterré le 28 octobre 1307 dans Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, ENGLAND.
• Un enfant de Henry III
• Cette information a été mise à jour pour la dernière fois le 2 avril 2018.

Famille de King Edward "Longshanks" I

Il a/avait une relation avec Eleanor Bourgogne.

Enfant(s):

1. Elizabeth Plantagênet  1282-1316 

Notes par King Edward "Longshanks" I

Edward I (17 Jun 1239 – 7 Jul 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. He was born on 17/18 Jun 1239, when his mother was sixteen years old. He was named after Edward the Confessor, because Henry saw himself as super-devout. Henry III was deeply gratified and gave thanks to God and granted Sybil Giffard an annual pension of ten pounds for her diligence towards the queen during her confinement.
He became ill in 1246, in Beaulieu, “France,” and rather than handing him off to doctors and then withdrawing, she insisted on taking care of him personally. This shows that she was a very good mother, hands-on, and not by proxy. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and joined the fight against Simon de Montfort. Montfort was defeated at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and within two years the rebellion was extinguished. With England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster on 19 Aug.
He spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, Edward investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs. After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276–77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282–83 with a full-scale war of conquest. After a successful campaign, Edward subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people. Next, his efforts were directed towards Scotland. Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom. In the war that followed, the Scots persevered, even though the English seemed victorious at several points. At the same time there were problems at home. In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition. These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled. When the King died in 1307, he left to his son, Edward II, an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.
Edward I was a tall man for his era, hence the nickname "Longshanks". He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries. Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith. Modern historians are divided on their assessment of the King: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility. Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes. At the same time, he is also often criticized for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England. The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it would be over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1656.

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