The temperature on April 20, 1857 was about 13.0 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the southwest. The atmospheric humidity was 76%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
January 9 » The 7.9 Mw Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).
March 3 » Second Opium War: France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.
May 26 » Dred Scott is emancipated by the Blow family, his original owners.
June 26 » The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
July 18 » Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
December 31 » Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, then a small logging town, as the capital of the Province of Canada.
Day of marriage May 14, 1881
The temperature on May 14, 1881 was about 15.0 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 60%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
February 16 » The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated by Act of Parliament at Ottawa (44th Vic., c.1).
May 12 » In North Africa, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate.
May 21 » The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton in Washington, D.C.
July 1 » General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect.
July 23 » The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
October 13 » First known conversation in modern Hebrew by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and friends.
Day of death December 20, 1954
The temperature on December 20, 1954 was between 4.9 °C and 10.0 °C and averaged 8.0 °C. There was 2.3 mm of rain during 0.9 hours. There was 0.1 hours of sunshine (1%). The heavily clouded was. The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
March 13 » The Battle of Điện Biên Phủ begins with an artillery barrage by Viet Minh forces under Võ Nguyên Giáp; Viet Minh victory lead to the end of the First Indochina War and French withdrawal from Vietnam.
March 26 » Nuclear weapons testing: The Romeo shot of Operation Castle is detonated at Bikini Atoll. Yield: 11 megatons.
April 1 » United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
May 17 » The United States Supreme Court hands down a unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, outlawing racial segregation in public schools.
June 27 » The FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game.
December 4 » The first Burger King is opened in Miami, Florida.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Weening, "Family tree Weening", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-weening/I9406.php : accessed October 2, 2026), "Martje Jans Helder (1857-1954)".
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