From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
April 12 » American Civil War: Battle of Fort Sumter. The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
April 19 » American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
May 13 » Pakistan's (then a part of British India) first railway line opens, from Karachi to Kotri.
May 29 » The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce is founded, in Hong Kong.
October 21 » American Civil War: Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war.
December 10 » Forces led by Nguyễn Trung Trực, an anti-colonial guerrilla leader in southern Vietnam, sink the French lorcha L'Esperance.
Day of death December 13, 1946
The temperature on December 13, 1946 was between 0.4 °C and 4.0 °C and averaged 2.2 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
From June 24, 1945 till July 3, 1946 the Netherlands had a cabinet Schermerhorn - Drees with the prime ministers Prof. ir. W. Schermerhorn (VDB) and W. Drees (PvdA).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 3, 1946 to August 7, 1948 the cabinet Beel I, with Dr. L.J.M. Beel (KVP) as prime minister.
January 22 » In Iran, Qazi Muhammad declares the independent people's Republic of Mahabad at Chahar Cheragh Square in the Kurdish city of Mahabad; he becomes the new president and Haji Baba Sheikh becomes the prime minister.
March 29 » Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, one of Mexico's leading universities, is founded.
May 1 » Start of three-year Pilbara strike of Indigenous Australians.
May 21 » Physicist Louis Slotin is fatally irradiated in a criticality incident during an experiment with the demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
September 24 » The top-secret Clifford-Elsey Report on the Soviet Union is delivered to President Truman.
December 17 » Kurdistan flag day, the flag of Kurdistan was raised for the first time in Mahabad in eastern Kurdistan (Iran).
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Weening, "Family tree Weening", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-weening/I52636.php : accessed February 15, 2026), "Pieternella Houtop (1861-1946)".
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