The temperature on July 31, 1851 was about 15.8 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 1, 1849 to April 19, 1853 the cabinet Thorbecke I, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
July 29 » Annibale de Gasparis discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
September 11 » Christiana Resistance: Escaped slaves led by William Parker fight off and kill a slave owner who, with a federal marshal and an armed party, sought to seize three of his former slaves in Christiana, Pennsylvania, thereby creating a cause célèbre between slavery proponents and abolitionists.
September 18 » First publication of The New-York Daily Times, which later becomes The New York Times.
November 14 » Moby-Dick, a novel by Herman Melville, is published in the USA.
December 24 » The Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., burns.
December 29 » The first American YMCA opens in Boston, Massachusetts.
Day of marriage October 13, 1892
The temperature on October 13, 1892 was about 5.1 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
April 15 » The General Electric Company is formed.
May 28 » In San Francisco, John Muir organizes the Sierra Club.
June 6 » The Chicago "L" elevated rail system begins operation.
August 9 » Thomas Edison receives a patent for a two-way telegraph.
October 21 » Opening ceremonies for the World's Columbian Exposition are held in Chicago, though because construction was behind schedule, the exposition did not open until May 1, 1893.
December 17 » First issue of Vogue is published.
Day of death November 13, 1920
The temperature on November 13, 1920 was between 0.5 °C and 6.7 °C and averaged 3.4 °C. There was 1.9 mm of rain. The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 9, 1918 to September 18, 1922 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck I, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
January 23 » The Netherlands refuses to surrender the exiled Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to the Allies.
February 9 » Under the terms of the Svalbard Treaty, international diplomacy recognizes Norwegian sovereignty over Arctic archipelago Svalbard, and designates it as demilitarized.
February 14 » The League of Women Voters is founded in Chicago.
May 9 » Polish–Soviet War: The Polish army under General Edward Rydz-Śmigły celebrates its capture of Kiev with a victory parade on Khreshchatyk.
August 25 » Polish–Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw, which began on August 13, ends with the Red Army's defeat.
October 25 » After 74 days on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney dies.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Weening, "Family tree Weening", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-weening/I34156.php : accessed October 1, 2026), "Johannes Rienks Kuipers (1851-1920)".
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