The temperature on September 30, 1812 was about 12.0 °C. There was 22 mm of rainWind direction mainly east. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
May 11 » Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons.
May 18 » John Bellingham is found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging for the assassination of British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval.
June 24 » Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon's Grande Armée crosses the Neman river beginning the invasion of Russia.
July 12 » The American Army of the Northwest briefly occupies the Upper Canadian settlement at what is now at Windsor, Ontario.
August 11 » Peninsular War: French troops engage British-Portuguese forces in the Battle of Majadahonda.
August 24 » Peninsular War: A coalition of Spanish, British, and Portuguese forces succeed in lifting the two-and-a-half-year-long Siege of Cádiz.
Day of marriage September 7, 1867
The temperature on September 7, 1867 was about 18.9 °C. There was 0.3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 14 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 70%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
March 1 » Nebraska becomes the 37th U.S. state; Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.
May 15 » Canadian Bank of Commerce opens for business in Toronto, Ontario. The bank would later merge with Imperial Bank of Canada to become what is CIBC in 1961.
June 19 » Maximilian I of the Second Mexican Empire is executed by a firing squad in Querétaro, Querétaro.
September 28 » Toronto becomes the capital of Ontario, having also been the capital of Ontario's predecessors since 1796.
October 21 » The Medicine Lodge Treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate to a reservation in western Oklahoma.
November 3 » Giuseppe Garibaldi and his followers are defeated in the Battle of Mentana and fail to end the Pope's Temporal power in Rome (it would be achieved three years later).
Day of death March 4, 1904
The temperature on March 4, 1904 was between -0.8 °C and 5.4 °C and averaged 1.2 °C. There was 3.6 hours of sunshine (33%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east-northeast. Source: KNMI
January 23 » Ålesund Fire: the Norwegian coastal town Ålesund is devastated by fire, leaving 10,000 people homeless and one person dead. Kaiser Wilhelm II funds the rebuilding of the town in Jugendstil style.
June 16 » Irish author James Joyce begins a relationship with Nora Barnacle and subsequently uses the date to set the actions for his novel Ulysses; this date is now traditionally called "Bloomsday".
July 21 » Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100mph (161km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium.
October 27 » The first underground New York City Subway line opens, later designated as the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line.
November 16 » English engineer John Ambrose Fleming receives a patent for the thermionic valve (vacuum tube).
December 3 » The Jovian moon Himalia is discovered by Charles Dillon Perrine at California's Lick Observatory.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Weening, "Family tree Weening", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-weening/I193270.php : accessed October 19, 2026), "Sipke Pieters Hoekstra (1812-1904)".
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