Family tree Weening » Kornelis Ruurds Sikma (1782-1861)

Christening day February 16, 1783

• The temperature on February 16, 1783 was about 3.0 °C. Wind direction mainly north-northeast. Weather type: omtrent helder. Source: KNMI
• Erfstadhouder Prins Willem V (Willem Batavus) (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1751 till 1795 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden)
• In the year 1783: Source: Wikipedia
  • January 20 » The Kingdom of Great Britain signed preliminary articles of peace with France, setting the stage to the official end of hostilities in the American Revolutionary War later that year.
  • February 7 » American Revolutionary War: French and Spanish forces lift the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
  • March 15 » In an emotional speech in Newburgh, New York, George Washington asks his officers not to support the Newburgh Conspiracy. The plea is successful and the threatened coup d'état never takes place.
  • April 15 » Preliminary articles of peace ending the American Revolutionary War (or American War of Independence) are ratified.
  • April 18 » Three-Fifths Compromise: the first instance of black slaves in the United States of America being counted as three fifths of persons (for the purpose of taxation), in a resolution of the Congress of the Confederation. This was later adopted in the 1787 Constitution.
  • June 22 » A poisonous cloud caused by the eruption of the Laki volcano in Iceland reaches Le Havre in France.

Day of marriage May 31, 1821

• The temperature on May 31, 1821 was about 13.0 °C. There was 994 mm of rainWind direction mainly northeast. Weather type: helder. Special wheather fenomena: . Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1821: Source: Wikipedia
  • June 19 » Decisive defeat of the Filiki Eteria by the Ottomans at Drăgășani (in Wallachia).
  • July 9 » Four hundred and seventy prominent Cypriots including Archbishop Kyprianos are executed in response to Cypriot aid to the Greek War of Independence.
  • July 28 » José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain.
  • September 15 » The Captaincy General of Guatemala declares independence from Spain.
  • September 28 » The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire is drafted. It will be made public on 13 October.
  • October 8 » The Peruvian Navy is established during the War of Independence.

Day of death June 21, 1861

• The temperature on June 21, 1861 was about 19.9 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 94%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
• From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
• In the year 1861: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • January 9 » American Civil War: "Star of the West" incident occurs near Charleston, South Carolina.
  • March 4 » The first national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Stars and Bars") is adopted.
  • April 12 » American Civil War: Battle of Fort Sumter. The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
  • May 29 » The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce is founded, in Hong Kong.
  • August 5 » American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US$800; rescinded in 1872).
  • October 21 » American Civil War: Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1824 » Étienne Aignan, French playwright and translator (b. 1773)
• 1865 » Frances Adeline Seward, American wife of William H. Seward (b. 1824)
• 1874 » Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist and astronomer (b. 1814)
• 1876 » Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican general and politician 8th President of Mexico (b. 1794)
• 1880 » Theophilus H. Holmes, American general (b. 1804)
• 1893 » Leland Stanford, American businessman and politician, 8th Governor of California (b. 1824)