Family tree Weening » Arend Jans Bergsma (1791-1873)

Christening day August 28, 1791

• The temperature on August 28, 1791 was about 15.0 °C. There was 66 mm of rainWind direction mainly west-northwest. Weather type: zeer betrokken. Source: KNMI
• Erfstadhouder Prins Willem V (Willem Batavus) (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1751 till 1795 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden)
• In the year 1791: Source: Wikipedia
  • March 4 » Vermont is admitted to the United States as the fourteenth state.
  • May 3 » The Constitution of May 3 (the first modern constitution in Europe) is proclaimed by the Sejm of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
  • May 15 » French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre proposes the Self-denying Ordinance.
  • July 14 » The Priestley Riots drive Joseph Priestley, a supporter of the French Revolution, out of Birmingham, England.
  • September 27 » The National Assembly votes to award full citizenship to Jews in France.
  • September 30 » France's National Constituent Assembly is dissolved, to be replaced the next day by the National Legislative Assembly

Day of marriage October 24, 1818

• The temperature on October 24, 1818 was about 6.0 °C. Wind direction mainly east-northeast. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1818: Source: Wikipedia
  • January 15 » A paper by David Brewster is read to the Royal Society, belatedly announcing his discovery of what we now call the biaxial class of doubly-refracting crystals. On the same day, Augustin-Jean Fresnel signs a "supplement" (submitted four days later) on reflection of polarized light.
  • February 12 » Bernardo O'Higgins formally approves the Chilean Declaration of Independence near Concepción, Chile.
  • April 5 » In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.
  • April 16 » The United States Senate ratifies the Rush–Bagot Treaty, limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain.
  • July 29 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
  • December 13 » Cyril VI of Constantinople resigns from his position as Ecumenical Patriarch.

Day of death November 29, 1873

• The temperature on November 29, 1873 was about 10.9 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 19 kgf/m² and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 90%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From July 6, 1872 till August 27, 1874 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Vries - Fransen van de Putte with the prime ministers Mr. G. de Vries Azn. (liberaal) and I.D. Fransen van de Putte (liberaal).
• In the year 1873: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.0 million citizens.
  • January 17 » A group of Modoc warriors defeats the United States Army in the First Battle of the Stronghold, part of the Modoc War.
  • March 3 » Censorship in the United States: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene literature and articles of immoral use" through the mail.
  • April 13 » The Colfax massacre, in which more than 60 black men are murdered, takes place.
  • May 23 » The Canadian Parliament establishes the North-West Mounted Police, the forerunner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
  • August 4 » American Indian Wars: While protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the United States 7th Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer clashes for the first time with the Cheyenne and Lakota people near the Tongue River; only one man on each side is killed.
  • September 15 » Franco-Prussian War: The last Imperial German Army troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1830 » John Maurice Hauke, Polish general (b. 1775)
• 1846 » Hammamizade İsmail Dede Efendi, Turkish composer and educator (b. 1778)
• 1847 » Marcus Whitman, American physician and missionary (b. 1802)
• 1872 » Mary Somerville, Scottish-Italian astronomer, mathematician, and author (b. 1780)
• 1883 » Hiệp Hòa, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1847)
• 1894 » Juan N. Méndez, Mexican general and interim president, 1876-1877 (b. 1820)