Family tree Weening » Froukje Steffens Land (1793-1863)

Christening day April 28, 1793

• The temperature on April 28, 1793 was about 8.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northwest. Weather type: betrokken mist. Source: KNMI
• Erfstadhouder Prins Willem V (Willem Batavus) (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1751 till 1795 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden)
• In the year 1793: Source: Wikipedia
  • March 18 » Flanders Campaign of the French Revolution, Battle of Neerwinden.
  • June 10 » French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders, the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship.
  • July 23 » Kingdom of Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
  • August 10 » The Musée du Louvre is officially opened in Paris, France.
  • October 13 » French Revolutionary Wars: Austro-Prussian victory over Republican France at the First Battle of Wissembourg.
  • November 16 » French Revolution: Ninety dissident Roman Catholic priests are executed by drowning at Nantes.

Day of marriage April 12, 1818

• The temperature on April 12, 1818 was about 5.0 °C. Wind direction mainly north-northwest. Weather type: half bewolkt hagel winderig. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1818: Source: Wikipedia
  • January 15 » A paper by David Brewster is read to the Royal Society, belatedly announcing his discovery of what we now call the biaxial class of doubly-refracting crystals. On the same day, Augustin-Jean Fresnel signs a "supplement" (submitted four days later) on reflection of polarized light.
  • April 4 » The United States Congress, affirming the Second Continental Congress, adopts the flag of the United States with 13 red and white stripes and one star for each state (20 at that time).
  • April 5 » In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.
  • July 29 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
  • September 7 » Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.
  • October 20 » The Convention of 1818 is signed between the United States and the United Kingdom, which settles the Canada–United States border on the 49th parallel for most of its length.

Day of death October 17, 1863

• The temperature on October 17, 1863 was about 13.1 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 11 kgf/m² and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 94%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1863: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • May 23 » The General German Workers' Association, a precursor of the modern Social Democratic Party of Germany, is founded in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony.
  • June 14 » American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester: A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.
  • June 17 » American Civil War: Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg Campaign.
  • October 14 » American Civil War: Confederate troops under the command of A. P. Hill fail to drive the Union Army completely out of Virginia.
  • November 16 » American Civil War: Battle of Campbell's Station near Knoxville, Tennessee: Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces.
  • November 17 » American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee, under siege.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1836 » Orest Kiprensky, Russian painter (b. 1782)
• 1837 » Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1778)
• 1849 » Frédéric Chopin, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1810)
• 1868 » Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (b. 1775)
• 1887 » Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist and chemist (b. 1824)
• 1889 » Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher and critic (b. 1828)