Family tree Weening » Froukje Steffens Land (1793-1863)

Christening day April 28, 1793

• The temperature on April 28, 1793 was about 8.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northwest. Weather type: betrokken mist. Source: KNMI
• Erfstadhouder Prins Willem V (Willem Batavus) (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1751 till 1795 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden)
• In the year 1793: Source: Wikipedia
  • June 10 » French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders, the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship.
  • August 16 » French Revolution: A levée en masse is decreed by the National Convention.
  • September 8 » French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Hondschoote.
  • October 12 » The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
  • October 16 » War of the First Coalition: French victory at the Battle of Wattignies forces Austria to raise the siege of Maubeuge.
  • December 23 » The Battle of Savenay: A decisive defeat of the royalist counter-revolutionaries in War in the Vendée during the French Revolution.

Day of marriage April 12, 1818

• The temperature on April 12, 1818 was about 5.0 °C. Wind direction mainly north-northwest. Weather type: half bewolkt hagel winderig. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1818: Source: Wikipedia
  • February 5 » Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte ascends to the thrones of Sweden and Norway.
  • March 16 » In the Second Battle of Cancha Rayada, Spanish forces defeated Chileans under José de San Martín.
  • April 5 » In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.
  • April 20 » The case of Ashford v Thornton ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld.
  • September 7 » Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.
  • December 3 » Illinois becomes the 21st U.S. state.

Day of death October 17, 1863

• The temperature on October 17, 1863 was about 13.1 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 11 kgf/m² and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 94%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1863: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • January 10 » The Metropolitan Railway, the world's oldest underground railway, opens between Paddington and Farringdon, marking the beginning of the London Underground.
  • January 29 » The Bear River Massacre: A detachment of California Volunteers led by Colonel Patrick Edward Connor engage the Shoshone at Bear River, Washington Territory, killing hundreds of men, women and children.
  • April 30 » A 65-man French Foreign Legion infantry patrol fights a force of nearly 2,000 Mexican soldiers to nearly the last man in Hacienda Camarón, Mexico.
  • July 1 » American Civil War: The Battle of Gettysburg begins.
  • July 18 » American Civil War: Second Battle of Fort Wagner: One of the first formal African American military units, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, supported by several white regiments, attempts an unsuccessful assault on Confederate-held Battery Wagner.
  • August 8 » American Civil War: Following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis (which is refused upon receipt).

Source: Wikipedia

• 1836 » Orest Kiprensky, Russian painter (b. 1782)
• 1837 » Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1778)
• 1849 » Frédéric Chopin, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1810)
• 1868 » Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (b. 1775)
• 1887 » Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist and chemist (b. 1824)
• 1889 » Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher and critic (b. 1828)