The temperature on December 24, 1838 was about -3.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south east. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 17 » Weenen massacre: Hundreds of Voortrekkers along the Blaukraans River, Natal are killed by Zulus.
September 1 » Saint Andrew's Scots School, the oldest school of British origin in South America, is established.
September 3 » Future abolitionist Frederick Douglass escapes from slavery.
October 5 » The Killough massacre in east Texas sees eighteen Texian settlers either killed or kidnapped.
October 27 » Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be killed.
November 3 » The Times of India, the world's largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper is founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce.
Day of marriage April 23, 1870
The temperature on April 23, 1870 was about 12.9 °C. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 57%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
February 9 » US president Ulysses S. Grant signs a joint resolution of Congress establishing the U.S. Weather Bureau.
May 12 » The Manitoba Act is given the Royal Assent, paving the way for Manitoba to become a province of Canada on July 15.
May 14 » The first game of rugby in New Zealand is played in Nelson between Nelson College and the Nelson Rugby Football Club.
August 8 » The Republic of Ploiești, a failed Radical-Liberal rising against Domnitor Carol of Romania.
September 20 » The Bersaglieri corps enter Rome through the Porta Pia, and complete the unification of Italy.
October 7 » Franco-Prussian War: Léon Gambetta escapes the siege of Paris in a hot-air balloon.
Day of death June 11, 1912
The temperature on June 11, 1912 was between 11.1 °C and 20.6 °C and averaged 16.3 °C. There was 10.5 hours of sunshine (63%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
January 17 » British polar explorer Captain Robert Falcon Scott reaches the South Pole, one month after Roald Amundsen.
October 7 » The Helsinki Stock Exchange sees its first transaction.
October 17 » Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia declare war on the Ottoman Empire, joining Montenegro in the First Balkan War.
November 19 » First Balkan War: The Serbian Army captures Bitola, ending the five-century-long Ottoman rule of Macedonia.
December 19 » William Van Schaick, captain of the steamship General Slocum which caught fire and killed over one thousand people, is pardoned by U.S. President William Howard Taft after 3⁄2 years in Sing Sing prison.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Weening, "Family tree Weening", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-weening/I128289.php : accessed October 15, 2026), "Martinus Tjeerds Gaikema (1838-1912)".
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