March 8 » Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion.
May 15 » Johannes Kepler confirms his previously rejected discovery of the third law of planetary motion (he first discovered it on March 8 but soon rejected the idea after some initial calculations were made).
May 23 » The Second Defenestration of Prague precipitates the Thirty Years' War.
June 14 » Joris Veseler prints the first Dutch newspaper Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. in Amsterdam (approximate date).
July 31 » Maurice, Prince of Orange disbands the waardgelders militia in Utrecht, a pivotal event in the Remonstrant/Counter-Remonstrant tensions.
September 18 » The twelfth baktun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar begins.
March 18 » The Third Anglo-Powhatan War begins in the Colony of Virginia.
May 26 » Portuguese Restoration War: Portuguese and Spanish forces both claim victory in the Battle of Montijo.
May 27 » Manchu regent Dorgon defeats rebel leader Li Zicheng of the Shun dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass, allowing the Manchus to enter and conquer the capital city of Beijing.
May 28 » English Civil War: Bolton Massacre by Royalist troops under the command of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby.
June 5 » The Qing dynasty Manchu forces led by the Shunzhi Emperor take Beijing during the collapse of the Ming dynasty.
November 8 » The Shunzhi Emperor, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty as the first Qing emperor to rule over China.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Marjon Root, "Family tree Root, Brinksma, Van Schoten en Molen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-root/I3369.php : accessed October 13, 2026), "Petrus Rudolphi (1618-1668)".
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