January 12 » The city of Belém, Brazil is founded on the Amazon River delta, by Portuguese captain Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco.
March 5 » Nicolaus Copernicus's book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is added to the Index of Forbidden Books 73 years after it was first published.
March 20 » Sir Walter Raleigh is freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment.
May 3 » Treaty of Loudun ends French civil war.
July 11 » Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.
October 25 » Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.
March 1 » Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine), becomes the first incorporated city in the United States.
April 15 » Irish Confederate Wars: A Confederate Irish militia is routed in the Battle of Kilrush when it attempts to halt the progress of a Royalist Army.
May 30 » From this date all honors granted by Charles I of England are retroactively annulled by Parliament.
August 22 » Charles I raises his standard in Nottingham, which marks the beginning of the English Civil War.
September 6 » England's Parliament bans public stage-plays.
November 13 » First English Civil War: Battle of Turnham Green: The Royalist forces withdraw in the face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London.
June 1 » Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675–79).
June 2 » Franco-Dutch War: France ensured the supremacy of its naval fleet for the remainder of the war with its victory in the Battle of Palermo.
July 30 » Nathaniel Bacon issues the "Declaration of the People of Virginia", beginning Bacon's Rebellion against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
September 19 » Jamestown is burned to the ground by the forces of Nathaniel Bacon during Bacon's Rebellion.
November 21 » The Danish astronomer Ole Rømer presents the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light.
December 4 » The Danish army under the command of King Christian V engages the Swedish army commanded by the Swedish king Charles XI at the Battle of Lund, to this day it is counted as the bloodiest battle in Scandinavian history and a turning point in the Scanian War.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peeters Mathieu, "FutureHistory", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-riske/I11988.php : accessed February 9, 2026), "Gerardus "Gerolf" (Gerardus "Gerolf") Vergauwen (1616-1676)".
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