April 25 » The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.
May 26 » Portuguese Restoration War: Portuguese and Spanish forces both claim victory in the Battle of Montijo.
July 2 » English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor.
September 1 » Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause.
October 27 » Second Battle of Newbury in the English Civil War.
November 8 » The Shunzhi Emperor, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty as the first Qing emperor to rule over China.
March 6 » The first joint Secretary of the Royal Society, Henry Oldenburg, publishes the first issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, the world's longest-running scientific journal.
April 8 » English colonial patents are granted for the establishment of the Monmouth Tract, for what would eventually become Monmouth County in northeastern New Jersey.
June 12 » Thomas Willett is appointed the first mayor of New York City.
October 5 » The University of Kiel is founded.
October 29 » Portuguese forces defeat the Kingdom of Kongo and decapitate King António I of Kongo, also known as Nvita a Nkanga.
December 10 » The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps is founded by Michiel de Ruyter
January 25 » The Battle of Ayubale results in the destruction of most of the Spanish missions in Florida.
February 29 » Queen Anne's War: French forces and Native Americans stage a raid on Deerfield, Massachusetts Bay Colony, killing 56 villagers and taking more than 100 captive.
April 24 » The first regular newspaper in British Colonial America, The Boston News-Letter, is published.
August 4 » War of the Spanish Succession: Gibraltar is captured by an English and Dutch fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir George Rooke and allied with Archduke Charles.
August 13 » War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Blenheim: English and Imperial forces are victorious over French and Bavarian troops.
December 6 » Battle of Chamkaur: During the Mughal-Sikh Wars, an outnumbered Sikh Khalsa defeats a Mughal army.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peeters Mathieu, "FutureHistory", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-riske/I1082.php : accessed September 24, 2026), "Joanna Verstappen (Van Stappen) (1644-1704)".
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