April 25 » The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.
May 25 » Ming general Wu Sangui forms an alliance with the invading Manchus and opens the gates of the Great Wall of China at Shanhaiguan pass, letting the Manchus through towards the capital Beijing.
May 28 » English Civil War: Bolton Massacre by Royalist troops under the command of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby.
June 29 » Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge.
September 1 » Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause.
November 8 » The Shunzhi Emperor, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty as the first Qing emperor to rule over China.
March 8 » Treaty of Roskilde: After a devastating defeat in the Northern Wars (1655–1661), Frederick III, the King of Denmark–Norway is forced to give up nearly half his territory to Sweden to save the rest.
May 29 » Battle of Samugarh: decisive battle in the struggle for the throne during the Mughal war of succession (1658–1659).
June 3 » Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Laval vicar apostolic in New France.
June 25 » Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War.
July 31 » Aurangzeb is proclaimed Mughal emperor of India.
September 3 » The death of Oliver Cromwell; Richard Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peeters Mathieu, "FutureHistory", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-riske/I1041.php : accessed October 11, 2026), "Joanna Keppens (1623-1658)".
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