Family tree Groothelm » Hermina Ferwerda (1781-1861)

Christening day November 23, 1781

• The temperature on November 23, 1781 was about 6.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south by west. Weather type: omtrent helder betrokken. Source: KNMI
• Erfstadhouder Prins Willem V (Willem Batavus) (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1751 till 1795 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden)
• In the year 1781: Source: Wikipedia
  • January 5 » American Revolutionary War: Richmond, Virginia, is burned by British naval forces led by Benedict Arnold.
  • February 18 » Fourth Anglo-Dutch War: Captain Thomas Shirley opens his expedition against Dutch colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa (present-day Ghana).
  • March 15 » American Revolutionary War: Battle of Guilford Court House: Near present-day Greensboro, North Carolina, 1,900 British troops under General Charles Cornwallis defeat a mixed American force numbering 4,400 in a Pyrrhic victory.
  • June 3 » Jack Jouett begins his midnight ride to warn Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia legislature of an impending raid by Banastre Tarleton.
  • September 6 » The Battle of Groton Heights takes place, resulting in a British victory.
  • October 19 » American Revolutionary War: The siege of Yorktown comes to an end.

Day of marriage May 10, 1807

• The temperature on May 10, 1807 was about 7.0 °C. Wind direction mainly north. Weather type: zeer betrokken noorderlicht. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1807: Source: Wikipedia
  • March 25 » The Slave Trade Act becomes law, abolishing the slave trade in the British Empire.
  • June 14 » Emperor Napoleon's French Grande Armée defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland (modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.
  • June 28 » Second British invasion of the Río de la Plata; John Whitelocke lands at Ensenada on an attempt to recapture Buenos Aires and is defeated by the locals.
  • July 5 » In Buenos Aires the local militias repel the British soldiers within the Second English Invasion.
  • July 7 » The Peace of Tilsit between France, Prussia and Russia ends the War of the Fourth Coalition.
  • September 2 » The British Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon.

Day of death December 25, 1861

• The temperature on December 25, 1861 was about -2.4 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the east. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 94%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
• From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
• In the year 1861: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • February 4 » American Civil War: In Montgomery, Alabama, delegates from six break-away U.S. states meet and form the Confederate States of America.
  • February 10 » Jefferson Davis is notified by telegraph that he has been chosen as provisional President of the Confederate States of America.
  • February 13 » Italian unification: The Siege of Gaeta ends with the capitulation of the defending fortress, effectively bringing an end of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
  • March 10 » El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Ségou, destroying the Bamana Empire of Mali.
  • November 7 » The first Melbourne Cup horse race is held in Melbourne, Australia.
  • December 21 » Medal of Honor: Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1824 » Barbara von Krüdener, German mystic and author (b. 1764)
• 1824 » William Lawless, Irish revolutionary, later French Army general (b. 1772)
• 1868 » Linus Yale, Jr., American engineer and businessman (b. 1821)
• 1875 » Young Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (b. 1851)
• 1880 » Fridolin Anderwert, Swiss lawyer and politician, President of the Swiss National Council (b. 1828)
• 1916 » Albert Chmielowski, Polish saint, founded the Albertine Brothers (b. 1845)