Family tree Eric Esterhuizen » Marthinus Wessel PRETORIUS (1819-1901)

Christening day October 4, 1819

• The temperature on October 4, 1819 was about 13.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: half bewolkt regen. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1819: Source: Wikipedia
  • January 29 » Stamford Raffles lands on the island of Singapore.
  • February 17 » The United States House of Representatives passes the Missouri Compromise for the first time.
  • February 22 » By the Adams–Onís Treaty, Spain sells Florida to the United States for five million U.S. dollars.
  • March 15 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel is adjudged the winner of the Grand Prix of the Académie des Sciences for his "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", which verifies the Fresnel integrals, accounts for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishes Newton's initial objection to the wave theory of light.
  • June 16 » A major earthquake strikes the Kutch district of western India, killing over 1,543 people and raising a 6m high, 6km wide, ridge, extending for at least 80km, that was known as the Allah Bund ("Dam of God").
  • December 17 » Simón Bolívar declares the independence of Gran Colombia in Angostura (now Ciudad Bolívar in Venezuela).

Day of marriage November 26, 1890

• The temperature on November 26, 1890 was about -5.8 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m² and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 74%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from April 21, 1888 to August 21, 1891 the cabinet Mackay, with Mr. A. baron Mackay (AR) as prime minister.
• In the year 1890: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.5 million citizens.
  • July 27 » Vincent van Gogh shoots himself and dies two days later.
  • September 25 » The United States Congress establishes Sequoia National Park.
  • November 4 » City and South London Railway: London's first deep-level tube railway opens between King William Street and Stockwell.
  • November 29 » The Meiji Constitution goes into effect in Japan, and the first Diet convenes.
  • December 15 » Hunkpapa Lakota leader Sitting Bull is killed on Standing Rock Indian Reservation, leading to the Wounded Knee Massacre.
  • December 29 » Wounded Knee Massacre on Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, 300 Lakota are killed by the United States 7th Cavalry Regiment.

Day of death May 18, 1901

• The temperature on May 18, 1901 was between 2.4 °C and 13.9 °C and averaged 8.2 °C. There was 6.4 hours of sunshine (40%). Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1897 to August 1, 1901 the cabinet Pierson, with Mr. N.G. Pierson (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 1, 1901 to August 16, 1905 the cabinet Kuijper, with Dr. A. Kuijper (AR) as prime minister.
• In the year 1901: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 5.2 million citizens.
  • July 4 » William Howard Taft becomes American governor of the Philippines.
  • September 7 » The Boxer Rebellion in Qing dynasty (modern-day China) officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol.
  • September 17 » Second Boer War: A Boer column defeats a British force at the Battle of Blood River Poort.
  • October 24 » Annie Edson Taylor becomes the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel.
  • November 1 » Sigma Phi Epsilon, the largest national male collegiate fraternity, is established at Richmond College, in Richmond, Virginia.
  • November 27 » The U.S. Army War College is established.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1900 » Félix Ravaisson-Mollien, French archaeologist and philosopher (b. 1813)
• 1908 » Louis-Napoléon Casault, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1823)
• 1909 » George Meredith, English novelist and poet (b. 1828)
• 1909 » Isaac Albéniz, Spanish pianist and composer (b. 1860)
• 1910 » Eliza Orzeszkowa, Polish author and publisher (b. 1841)
• 1910 » Pauline Viardot, French soprano and composer (b. 1821)