The temperature on December 1, 1845 was about 8.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south-southwest. Weather type: half bewolkt regen . Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
March 3 » Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state.
March 13 » Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto receives its première performance in Leipzig with Ferdinand David as soloist.
May 30 » The Fatel Razack coming from India, lands in the Gulf of Paria in Trinidad and Tobago carrying the first Indians to the country.
July 19 » Great New York City Fire of 1845: The last great fire to affect Manhattan begins early in the morning and is subdued that afternoon. The fire kills four firefighters and 26 civilians and destroys 345 buildings.
September 9 » Possible start of the Great Potato Famine.
December 27 » Ether anesthetic is used for childbirth for the first time by Dr. Crawford Long in Jefferson, Georgia.
Day of marriage January 7, 1877
The temperature on January 7, 1877 was about 10.1 °C. There was 0.7 mm of rain. The air pressure was 21 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 8 » Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle against the United States Cavalry at Wolf Mountain, Montana Territory.
April 24 » Russo-Turkish War: Russian Empire declares war on Ottoman Empire.
May 6 » Chief Crazy Horse of the Oglala Lakota surrenders to United States troops in Nebraska.
July 9 » The inaugural Wimbledon Championships begins.
July 21 » After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.
October 22 » The Blantyre mining disaster in Scotland kills 207 miners.
Day of death April 3, 1913
The temperature on April 3, 1913 was between 2.3 °C and 11.7 °C and averaged 7.6 °C. There was 1.4 mm of rain. The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east-northeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 3 » An Atlantic coast storm sets the lowest confirmed barometric pressure reading for a non-tropical system in the continental United States.
March 4 » First Balkan War: The Greek army engages the Turks at Bizani, resulting in victory two days later.
May 29 » Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring receives its premiere performance in Paris, France, provoking a riot.
July 3 » Confederate veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913 reenact Pickett's Charge; upon reaching the high-water mark of the Confederacy they are met by the outstretched hands of friendship from Union survivors.
December 1 » Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, is annexed by Greece.
December 21 » Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Nico de Kunder, "Family tree De Kunder", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-de-kunder/I7972.php : accessed December 28, 2025), "Gerardus Rutgardus Smink (1845-1913)".
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