The temperature on February 1, 1857 was about -5.2 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The atmospheric humidity was 95%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
May 6 » The East India Company disbands the 34th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry whose sepoy Mangal Pandey had earlier revolted against the British in the lead up to the War of Indian Independence.
June 26 » The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
September 11 » The Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
September 20 » The Indian Rebellion of 1857 ends with the recapture of Delhi by troops loyal to the East India Company.
September 22 » The Russian warship Lefort capsizes and sinks during a storm in the Gulf of Finland, killing all 826 aboard.
December 31 » Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, then a small logging town, as the capital of the Province of Canada.
Day of marriage November 16, 1882
The temperature on November 16, 1882 was about 1.5 °C. There was 4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 4 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 96%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
May 6 » Thomas Henry Burke and Lord Frederick Cavendish are stabbed to death by Fenian assassins in Phoenix Park, Dublin.
June 28 » The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 marks the territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone.
July 26 » The Republic of Stellaland is founded in Southern Africa.
September 30 » Thomas Edison's first commercial hydroelectric power plant (later known as Appleton Edison Light Company) begins operation.
October 16 » The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.
December 6 » Transit of Venus, second and last of the 19th century.
Day of death November 13, 1919
The temperature on November 13, 1919 was between -5.5 °C and 0.8 °C and averaged -1.7 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 9, 1918 to September 18, 1922 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck I, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
January 15 » Great Molasses Flood: A wave of molasses released from an exploding storage tank sweeps through Boston, Massachusetts, killing 21 and injuring 150.
January 16 » Nebraska becomes the 36th state to approve the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. With the necessary three-quarters of the states approving the amendment, Prohibition is constitutionally mandated in the United States one year later.
July 13 » The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
July 21 » The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, killing 12 people.
October 17 » RCA is incorporated as the Radio Corporation of America.
December 1 » Lady Astor becomes the first female Member of Parliament to take her seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. (She had been elected to that position on November 28.)
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Nico de Kunder, "Family tree De Kunder", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-de-kunder/I5765.php : accessed February 18, 2026), "Pieternella Gazan (1857-1919)".
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